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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tendons and ligaments have similar but slightly different structure and composition. Crimps of tendons and ligaments are morphological structures related to the elastic functional properties of these connective tissues. Aim of this study was to investigate the morphological arrangement of collagen fibres, fibrils and crimping pattern of suprapatellar (rectus femoris tendon-RFT and vastus intermedius tendon-VIT) and infrapatellar connective tissues (patellar ligament-PL) to relate their structural aspects to their common function role of leg extension. RFT, VIT and PL were removed from knees of Sprague-Dawley rats and light and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) performed. Sagittal sections showed that collagen array and crimping pattern were similar in RFT and PL but differed from VIT. Morphometric analysis confirmed that crimp number was about the same in RFT and PL (5.4+/-1.4 and 6.1+/-2.8 respectively), but it was almost three times higher in VIT (14.5+/-4.7). Similarly crimp top angle in RFT and PL (141.5+/-15.0 degrees and 146.2+/-12.2 degrees respectively) was significantly higher than in VIT (122.3+/-14.8 degrees ) and the crimp base length was more than twice as wide in RFT (75.5+/-22.6microm) and PL (72.3+/-28.9microm) than in VIT (36+/-14.1microm). The smaller, fewer and most crimped crimps in VIT show that this tendon has a greater elastic recoil and responds to higher forces as among quadriceps muscles the vastus intermedius belly contributes the most during knee extension. By contrast, RFT acting as a "stopper" tendon also plays a ligament role by limiting an excessive flexion of the joint during postural rest position of the knee.
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PMID:Structure relates to elastic recoil and functional role in quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament. 1904 87

The present study is focused on probiotic characterization of four yeasts viz. Pichia barkeri VIT-SJSN01, Yarrowia lipolytica VIT-ASN04, Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-ASN01 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae VIT-ASN03 isolated from food samples based on their auto-aggregation, co-aggregation ability and haemolytic activity. All the yeast strains showed good self-adhering and co-adhering potentiality with a value index of greater than 85%. None of the strains exhibited haemolysis which confirmed their non-pathogenic nature. Yeast strains were encapsulated in sodium alginate, sodium alginate coated with chitosan and sodium alginate-gelatinized with starch. Size and morphology of the beads and capsules were determined using SEM analysis. Encapsulation output and viability under storage condition was investigated. It was found that probiotic yeasts encapsulated in sodium alginate beads, chitosan coated beads and microcapsules showed better survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions compared to free cells.
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PMID:Potential probiotic characterization and effect of encapsulation of probiotic yeast strains on survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract condition. 3026