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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal primary neural induction has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and the results compared with those obtained by TEM. Mesoderm cells are usually in contact with several other cells, both mesodermal and endodermal in origin. By SEM the ectoderm layer has been shown to be in contact with the underlying mesoderm cells. Tufts of fibrous basement membrane are also present between the two cell types. TEM specimens also show an intermediate basement membrane.
Experientia 1975 Dec 15
PMID:Primary neural induction as studied by scanning electron microscopy. 121 73

Rats with a nephrotoxic serum nephritis reveal changes of proteinuria and content of serum proteins as well as serum cholesterol in the direction of a nephrotic syndrome as is seen after Daunomycin. Nevertheless, the morphological findings with TEM and especially with SEM are quite different. A striking feature of the nephritis is the rather good preservation of cell processes through all the time of experiment in spite of the elevated proteinuria. Moreover, podocytes with furrowed or ribbed surfaces originate and are most numerous when the signs of inflammation are most pronounced. These furrowed podocytes are interpreted as representing a special reactive, perhaps mobilized form. With SEM it is evident that the glomeruli are altered focally and segmentally in the nephrotoxic serum nephritis.
Beitr Pathol 1975 Dec
PMID:Podocytes of rat kidneys with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. A combined transmission and scanning electron microscopic study. 121 24

An investigation of the hepatic microcirculation and oxygen tension in 20 white rats showed that halothane anaesthesia was associated with a reduction in the diameter of the terminal portal venous branches, sinusoids and central veins, and with a decrease in the hepatic oxygen tension from 28.8+/-4.8 to 22.4+/-3.9 mmHg (mean +/-SEM). Enteral oxygen administration was followed by an increased blood flow in all the observed vessels, by an increase in the number of simultaneously filled sinusoids and also by an increase in the hepatic oxygen tension to 35.2+/-10.1 mm Hg. Subsequently, changes in blood flow in the hepatic artery and portal vein were investigated in 10 cats by cineangiography. During inhalation of halothane the hepatic artery blood flow was observed to increase by 30%, while portal vein blood flow was found to decrease by 57% of the initial value. Thus total hepatic blood flow was reduced by 40%, with the ratio of hepatic artery blood flow to total hepatic blood flow increasing from 19% to 43%. When enteral oxygen was administered, the total hepatic blood flow was restored to 92% of the value before anaesthesia. This resulted from an increase in the portal blood flow fraction only. It is concluded that disturbances in the liver circulation in cats and rats produced by halothane anaesthesia can be modified by the simultaneous administration of enteral oxygen.
Br J Anaesth 1975 Dec
PMID:The effect of enteral oxygen administration on the hepatic circulation during halothane anaesthesia: experimental investigations. 121 63

A study of the estimated hepatic blood flow (EHBF) using a colloidal gold technique in 28 patients undergoing saphenous vein stripping, showed that the EHBF decreased to 68% of its initial value during the period of halothane anaeshtesia and operation. When enteral oxygen was added EHBF increased to 82% of its initial value. An investigation in 14 other patients under going upper abdominal operations showed that enteral oxygen administration caused the oxygen saturation of the portal blood to increase from 55+/-7.2% (mean +/- SEM) to 80+/-6.2% and, by producing a concomitant decrease in portal pressure, led to a reduction in the portocaval pressure gradient from 74+/-12.5 to 38+/-8.7 mm H2O. It is suggested that the oxygen content of the portal blood per se influences the tone of hepatic presinusoidal sphincters. It is concluded that enteral oxygen administration may minimize disturbances in the hepatic circulation occurring during halothane anaesthesia and surgical operations.
Br J Anaesth 1975 Dec
PMID:The effect of enteral oxygen administration on the hepatic circulation during halothane anaesthesia: clinical observations. 121 64

Blood surgar and serum potassium (K+) concentrations were measured before, during and 60 min after surgery in two groups of 10 non-diabetic patients during nitrous oxide/halothane/tubocurarine anaesthesia. In the control group the arterial pressure was maintained within the patients' normal ranges, while in the study group pentolinium was administered i.v. (average 22 mg per patient) to achieve and maintain a mean arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg (+/-10 SEM). In the normotensive group the blood sugar concentration increased markedly and significantly during surgery and in the early postoperative period while the serum K+ concentration was essentially unchanged. In the hypotensive group pentolinium produced a striking modification of the surgery-induced hyperglycaemic response (but not to hypoglycaemic values) as well as a small but significant decrease in serum K+ concentration. The observed increase in the blood sugar concentration may be part of the autonomic response to surgical stress. Two mechanisms can explain the reduction in serum K+ concentration: (1) decreased hepatic glycogenolysis and (2) attenuation of the suppressive effect of adrenaline on insulin release, both effects being secondary to the ganglion-blocking property of pentolinium. These results are in contrast to the widely held belief that ganglion-blocking drugs cause hypoglycaemia.
Br J Anaesth 1975 Dec
PMID:Effects of pentolinium on blood sugar and serum potassium concentrations during anaesthesia and surgery. 121 71

The purpose of the present study was to assess the value of utilizing SEM in the examination of bite marks in foodstuffs. Six students, whose front teeth showed no conspicuous irregularities, were asked to bite off a part of some selected foodstuff consisting of butter, cheese, Norwegian brown sweet cheese, apples, carrots, bananas, chocolate and chewing gum. The texture and the varying stickiness of the foodstuffs seemed to be of significance as far as the details of the bite marks were concerned. In butter, chewing gum and Norwegian brown sweet cheese, fine details were discerned, thus justifying the use of SEM. Both scratch marks of the front teeth and impression marks of the incisal edges were studied. Only the latter revealed details of value for the identification by means of the SEM. Often small enamel defects were found at the incisal edge of the front teeth. These defects showed a great number of individually characteristic details. Where dentin was exposed at the incisal edge, further characteristic details could also be found. Thus, the use of SEM seemed to be of value in special cases as a supplement to conventional investigation methods.
Forensic Sci 1975 Dec
PMID:Scanning electron microscopy in the investigation of bite marks in foodstuffs. 122 79

In this article soft contact lenses made from various substances were examined by the SEM with regard to their ultrastructural nature under various experimental conditions. It was established, that the contact lens material of various chemical compositions was homologous, free from streaks and bubbles and absolutely smooth in the surface and fracture planes. Dirty lenses showed deposits on and in the surface, whose origin and composition is explained.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1975 Dec
PMID:[Scanning electron microscope investigations on soft contact lenses (author's transl)]. 122 22

Preliminary studies of the transfusion filter Bentley PF 127, a polyfilter type with a graded serie of diameters of microfenestration are reported. Dog blood has been used in all instances of the trial phase. Variations of the hematological factors as well as biochemical disparities have been examined and all deposits were assessed by means of scanning electron microscope. Amounts of deposits increased with the blood age. As far as banked dog blood develops less microaggregates during storage than human blood, the SEM pictures reported are a plea for banked blood microfiltration in any transfusion to human beings. The deposits which were trapped in the polyurethane foam, had previously passed through a screen filter with pore size slightly wider than the standard one (250 microns instead of 170 microns). Unfortunately the possibility of thrombus formation is serious as far as banked blood is rather fragile, and due to a slow flow rate, the time of blood contact with the filter is enough to allow thrombus development. However, the amounts of clots greatly increased with the age of the blood. The importance of filtration by adsorption was not very visible. The future of such a depth filter is questionable: should we prefer a transfusion screen filter with small pore size, the efficiently of which is determined by its pore size, and which traps the microaggregates by mechanical retention, or a depth filter which is supposed to retain the microaggregates regard less of the size but which could be very easily thrombus invaded and does not allow a suffisant blood flow rate for patients needing large amounts of blood in period of initial resuscitation? The debate is open but we should recognize that a screen filter with small pore size is widely used in the hospitals.
Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 1975 Dec
PMID:[Blood microfiltration. Scanning electron microscopic study of the aggregates retained by a transfusion filter made of polyurethane foam]. 122 58

The inability to detect insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in some circumstances by Western ligand blot analysis has emphasized the need to characterize IGFBPs by both ligand binding and immunological techniques. In this study, we have: 1) characterized and quantified IGFBP-3 in nonpregnancy, pregnancy, and fetal cord serum, follicular, peritoneal, and amniotic fluid, seminal plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine; 2) established a new IGFBP-3 RIA that detects both intact and fragments of IGFBP-3; 3) identified both intact and fragments of IGFBP-3 by Western immunoblot techniques; and 4) addressed the discordance between Western ligand blot analysis and RIA by assessing fluids for IGFBP proteolytic activity. All fluids examined, except pregnancy serum, CSF, and amniotic fluid, displayed a 44-34-kilodalton (kDa) IGFBP-3 doublet by Western ligand blot analysis. Western immunoblot analysis using specific IGFBP-3 antiserum showed a 44-34-kDa IGFBP-3 doublet and a 28-kDa fragment in nonpregnancy serum, fetal cord serum, follicular fluid, and peritoneal fluid. The immunoreactive 42-38-kDa doublet was faint in urine and seminal plasma. IGFBPs in CSF did not cross-react with IGFBP-3 antiserum. Pregnancy serum and amniotic fluid contained only the 28-kDa fragment when compared against equal volumes of nonpregnancy serum. With the development of an IGFBP-3 RIA, IGFBP-3 could be accurately measured; urine, CSF, and seminal plasma contained the lowest levels of IGFBP-3 at 27 +/- 3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), 110 +/- 26 ng/ml, and 209 +/- 56 ng/ml, respectively. In increasing concentration: fetal cord serum contained 753 +/- 101 ng/ml; peritoneal fluid, 1124 +/- 130 ng/ml; follicular fluid, 2356 +/- 211 ng/ml; nonpregnancy serum, 3556 +/- 508 ng/ml; pregnancy serum, 3718 +/- 842 ng/ml; and amniotic fluid, 5150 +/- 688 ng/ml. The measurable concentrations of IGFBP-3 in CSF and the high concentrations measured in pregnancy serum and amniotic fluid conflicted with Western blot analysis. Thus, fluids were assessed for IGFBP proteolytic activity by incubation with a source of IGFBP-3, either nonpregnancy serum or purified IGFBP-3. All fluids displayed some proteolytic activity with either assay. Fluids with little protease activity (nonpregnancy serum, follicular fluid, and urine) showed a close relationship between immunoassayable IGFBP-3 by RIA and IGFBP-3 band intensity by Western ligand blot. Fluids with high proteolytic activity (pregnancy serum, CSF, seminal plasma, peritoneal fluid, and amniotic fluid) gave discrepant IGFBP-3 values between RIA and Western ligand blot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Endocrinology 1992 Dec
PMID:Measurement and characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in human biological fluids: discrepancies between radioimmunoassay and ligand blotting. 128 Feb 11

To investigate the role of neutrophil proteases in the pathogenesis of mucus hypersecretion in bronchiectasis, we collected sputum samples from seven patients with bronchiectasis and measured their secretagogue activity by examining secretion of radiolabeled macromolecules by bovine airway submucosal gland cells incubated with sputum supernatants. There was marked secretagogue activity in bronchiectasis sputum, reaching a maximum of 1,963 +/- 292% (mean +/- SEM) above baseline at 1:15 dilution. Addition of ICI 200,355 (10(-5) M), a selective human neutrophil elastase inhibitor, decreased the secretory response markedly (72.53 +/- 5.89% reduction). The combination of aprotinin, an inhibitor of cathepsin G, and ICI 200,355 caused significantly more reduction in the secretory response than ICI 200,355 alone (89.12 +/- 3.8 versus 72.53 +/- 5.89% reduction, p < 0.05). We conclude that bronchiectasis sputum causes a large secretory response from tracheal submucosal glands due mostly to neutrophil proteases.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 Dec
PMID:Mucus hypersecretion in bronchiectasis. The role of neutrophil proteases. 128 Sep 28


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