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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of Sperm Select (Pharmacia AB, Uppsala, Sweden), a hyaluronic acid medium, on the motility and membrane integrity properties of sperm were studied. In 15 normospermic specimens after overnight incubation, the motility parameters in the control versus the Sperm Select group were as follows (mean +/- SEM): motility, 18.8% +/- 2.8% versus 27.4% +/- 2.9%; velocity, 21.5 +/- 2.4 versus 27.2 +/- 2.2 microns/s; linearity, 3.8 +/- 0.3 versus 4.4 +/- 0.2; lateral head displacement, 1.5 +/- 0.2 versus 1.9 +/- 0.1 microns; and tail beat/cross frequency, 8.8 +/- 1.3 versus 10.8 +/- 1.4 Hz. The density of motile sperm was 10.8 +/- 2.3 versus 18.5 +/- 2.5 X 10(6) sperm/mL. Finally, the velocity coefficient, the multiple of the sperm motility and linear velocity, was 4.6 +/- 1.1 versus 8.1 +/- 1.4. However, we found no Sperm Select related differences when testing sperm membrane integrity with hypoosmotic swelling and supravital staining. Thus, Sperm Select improves the retention of sperm motility (most prominently velocity) apparently due to a direct action of hyaluronic acid on sperm metabolism or contractility rather than to preservation of sperm membrane integrity. In 20 oligospermic specimens, Sperm Select caused similar improvements in sperm motility, and the duration of motility could be predicted from the degree of enhancement in sperm velocity after short-term Sperm Select exposure. A modified Sperm Select protocol is described that further increases motile sperm yield without a centrifugation step.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid (Sperm Select) improves retention of sperm motility and velocity in normospermic and oligospermic specimens. 170 Sep 58

The small intestines of healthy volunteers were challenged with ethanol during regional perfusion of a defined jejunal segment. Infusion of 30 mL of 5000 mmol/L ethanol to the perfused jejunal segment gave a maximum ethanol concentration of 973 +/- 98 (SEM) mmol/L in the jejunum lumen. This ethanol challenge induced within 20-30 minutes a 10-fold increase in albumin (P less than 0.001) and a two-fold increase in the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (P less than 0.05) in the perfusion fluid. Later during the challenge and simultaneously with a decreased jejunal loss of albumin, the jejunal recovery of prostaglandin E2 increased fourfold (P less than 0.01). The jejunal fluid concentrations of histamine and eosinophil cationic protein remained stable during the ethanol challenge. No changes in the jejunal appearance of albumin or other measured substances were seen when the maximum jejunal fluid concentrations of ethanol were less than 400 mmol/L achieved during challenge with smaller amounts of ethanol. The increased jejunal fluid appearance of hyaluronic acid after ethanol challenge indicates increased leakage from the interstitial/lymph fluid of the gut wall due to altered mucosal permeability. The relatively larger jejunal losses of albumin suggest that ethanol induces increased microvascular permeability of the jejunum as well.
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PMID:Acute exposure of small intestine to ethanol induces mucosal leakage and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. 173 17

The interphotoreceptor space (IPS) of the vertebrate retina is the adult corollary of the lumen within the embryonic optic vesicle. The inner limit of the IPS is formed by the intercellular junctions of Muller cells and photoreceptors forming the external limiting membrane (ELM). The apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the outer limit of the IPS. Most of the volume of the IPS is occupied by the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors, with the microvillous processes of the RPE, and the small microvilli of the Muller cells filling lesser portions. SEM of samples fixed in glutaraldehyde containing 0.5% ruthenium red show the interstitial spaces are filled with interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Biochemical studies and our enzyme digestion studies suggest this extracellular material is enriched in glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. The carbohydrates are two-thirds sulfated, 25% sialic acid enriched, and about 10% hyaluronic acid. Most of the IPM proteins can be identified as products of adjacent cells.
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PMID:The interphotoreceptor matrix and the interphotoreceptor space of the vertebrate retina. 241 23

Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronate, HA) and type III procollagen N-terminal peptide were measured in jejunal perfusion fluid in an attempt to elucidate the turnover of connective tissue components in the small bowel in health and disease. In healthy controls (n = 16) the average concentration of hyaluronic acid in jejunal perfusion fluid was 12.2 +/- 2 micrograms/L (mean +/- SEM); the mean serum concentration was 22 +/- 7 micrograms/L. The type III procollagen N-terminal peptide concentration in jejunal fluid was 0.12 +/- 0.02 micrograms/L; the mean serum concentration was 12 +/- 0.7 micrograms/L. The albumin concentration in perfusion fluid was, on average, 0.04% of the serum values. Patients with celiac disease (n = 7) and Crohn's disease (n = 10) had normal serum levels of HA and type III procollagen N-terminal peptide. The jejunal secretion rate of HA was significantly increased in both disease groups and on average about three times higher than that in controls. The secretion rate of type III procollagen N-terminal peptide was not altered in celiac disease but increased more than three times in Crohn's disease. Habitual alcoholics investigated after alcohol withdrawal also had significantly increased jejunal secretion of HA but not of type III procollagen N-terminal peptide. In contrast, patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and similar ethanol intake had normal secretion of both substances. The findings of the study indicate that the secretion of HA into the jejunal lumen in health is considerable, possibly reflecting the rapid turnover of the intestinal mucosa. The enhanced jejunal secretion of HA in patients with celiac disease and Crohn's disease may be indicative of enhanced connective tissue response due to inflammation, but signs compatible with enhanced jejunal synthesis of type III collagen are only found in Crohn's disease. The HA secretion data in alcoholics might reflect (a) the active regeneration of the intestinal mucosa when ethanol is discontinued and (b) a possible role of the liver in this activity.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid and type III procollagen peptide in jejunal perfusion fluid as markers of connective tissue turnover. 290 39

The effects of four retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), R0 10-1670 (etretin) and the arotinoid, R0 15-0778, on fibroblast proliferation and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) secretion in vitro were studied. Fibroblasts lines cultured from normal skin (HSF) were compared with those from lesional (PSA) and non-lesional (PSB) psoriatic skin. In general, the retinoids inhibited proliferation; the action was cytostatic, in rank order tretinoin greater than isotretinoin greater than etretin greater than arotinoid. The psoriatic cells tended to be more sensitive than the HSF lines, overall mean proliferation values (+/- SEM), as a percentage of untreated controls being: HSF 72 ++- 3, PSA 61 +/- 3 and PSB 54 +/- 3. Stimulation of GAG secretion at low concentrations (10(-7) M) of all four retinoids, declined as concentrations increased, and secretion was inhibited at 10(-4)M in PSB fibroblasts. Calculation of effects on GAG secretion due to changes in cell density confirmed the rank order for direct stimulation of secretion as arotinoid greater than etretin greater than isotretinoin greater than tretinoin. Electrophoresis of [3H]-labelled glycosaminoglycans secreted in the presence of 10(-7) M arotinoid showed that it was predominantly hyaluronic acid, as in untreated cells. These data confirm that different retinoids have contrasting levels of effects on mesenchymal cells and suggest a greater sensitivity to drugs in fibroblasts from psoriatic skin.
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PMID:Proliferation and glycosaminoglycans secretion in fibroblasts from psoriatic skin: differential responses to retinoids. 296 63

The circulating levels of hyaluronate were determined in 36 patients with scleroderma and in 36 control subjects matched for age and sex. The mean serum hyaluronate concentration in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (n = 25) was 131 +/- 67 (SD) microgram/l and significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than that of the controls (mean level 49 +/- 21 (SD) microgram/l). Hyaluronate levels in patients with localised scleroderma (n = 4) were 141 +/- 47 (SEM) microgram/l and in patients with scleroderma-associated overlap syndromes (n = 7) 202 +/- 54 (SEM) microgram/l. The increase in serum hyaluronate probably reflected an enhanced synthesis or outflow of hyaluronate from the connective tissue, or both; it could not be explained by affection of the liver, which is the catabolic site of hyaluronate. The hyaluronate values were not related to certain serological indicators of inflammatory activity or to the extent of the skin lesions or the severity of internal organ manifestations. A positive correlation was noted between circulating platelet counts and hyaluronate levels (p less than 0.001). Plasma beta-thromboglobulin was measured in 15 of the patients with systemic sclerosis and found to correlate positively with platelet counts. Raised levels of beta-thromboglobulin were associated with the highest hyaluronate values. Platelet-derived growth factor, which stimulates connective tissue cells and is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets together with beta-thromboglobulin, was shown to enhance hyaluronate synthesis in fibroblast cultures. The results suggest an involvement in scleroderma of connective tissue activating substances released from platelets.
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PMID:Raised serum hyaluronate levels in scleroderma: an effect of growth factor induced activation of connective tissue cells? 387 80

Intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 in the late first trimester induces (1) softening of the cervix tissue; (2) increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycans (18 +/- 12%, mean +/- SEM); (3) no change in hyaluronic acid and water; (4) decrease in pepsin-extractable collagen, and (5) apparent decrease in collagenase. A high activity of collagenase in combination with a replacement of collagen with sulfated glycosaminoglycans may be of importance for the ripening process.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in human cervical connective tissue after local application of prostaglandin E2. 630 18

Hyaluronic acid (HA) solution has the ability to coat and lubricate serosal surfaces, and potentially prevent serosal trauma during surgery, which can result in the postoperative formation of adhesions in the abdomen. Previous animal studies utilizing HA have shown a reduction of intra-abdominal adhesion formation. Human clinical trials are currently underway. The prevention of adhesions could conceivably have deleterious effects on bowel anastomosis healing. As a result, solutions of HA were studied in rabbits to determine their effect on the healing of a bowel anastomosis. In 30 rabbits, test solutions of either HA (0.4 or 1.0%) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control were instilled into the open peritoneal cavity just prior to the performance of small bowel anastomosis. At sacrifice 14 days later, intestinal bursting pressures were 110.5 +/- 16.0 mm Hg (SEM) in the PBS group, 108.5 +/- 15.2 mm Hg in the 0.4% HA group, and 138.7 +/- 14.1 mm Hg in the 1.0% group. Average bursting pressures among the three groups did not vary significantly (p > .05). Small sterile mucoceles formed at the anastomosis in 70% of the PBS group, in 10% of the 0.4% HA group, and in 30% of the 1.0% HA group. Histologic examination of specimens taken at the anastomosis did not reveal any differences in the level of healing between groups. HA solution, when instilled in the presence of a small bowel anastomosis in rabbits, does not appear to interfere with the healing process.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronic acid solution on healing of bowel anastomoses. 784 Nov 64

Hyaluronic acid (HA), type III procollagen, fibronectin, and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) were measured in 43 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens obtained from 38 patients with farmer's lung (FL) and in BALF of 9 nonexposed normal control subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done in 21 farmers with acute FL (acute) and in 22 with a history of previous FL (Ex) who were still in daily contact with dairy barns. All farmers from the acute and Ex groups had a lymphocytic alveolitis, respectively, 62.7 (3.5) percent (mean [SEM]) and 48.1 (4.3) percent. Hyaluronic acid, type III procollagen, fibronectin, and FGF were all highly increased in acute disease. These substances were also increased in the BALF of subjects of the Ex group who had no clinical symptoms or signs of acute disease at the time of lavage, but were actively farming. The increase in type III procollagen, however, was less in this group than in the subjects with acute disease. These observations suggest that the fibrosing activities and potentialities of the allergic alveolitis of FL are fully expressed at the time of clinical presentation and also in the subclinical phase of the disease in susceptible farmers who remain exposed after an initial acute phase of the disease.
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PMID:Fibrogenic activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of farmer's lung. 840 62

Three hyaluronic acid derivatives with different types and/or percentages of esterification, were analyzed by means of static contact angle measurements, SEM, ESCA, ATR/FT-IR, WAXS, DSC and TGA. The physico-chemical characterization of the three different samples, in both dry and wet state, was provided in terms of surface and bulk properties. ESCA and infrared analyses showed that the surface composition of all samples differs from that of the bulk. The hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of the samples changed according to the chemical composition as shown by ESCA and contact angle measurements. Both infrared and contact angle measurements reveal that surface restructuring occurred upon hydration for all the samples and the greater the hydrophilic character of the sample, the greater and faster the restructuring phenomenon. A clear picture of the different types of chemical groups has been established at different depth for the three materials.
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PMID:Physico-chemical surface characterization of hyaluronic acid derivatives as a new class of biomaterials. 847 94


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