Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the effectiveness of vigorous realimentation with dietary fat, 17 subjects aged 64.0 +/- 2.1 years (mean +/- 1 SEM) were pump-fed via a nasogastric tube for an average of 22 days. The diet was liquid and nutritionally complete, high in unsaturated fat (67% of energy) and in the caloric density (12.6 kJ/mL or 3 Kcal/mL) [corrected]. Advanced malnutrition was manifested by 74% of the ideal body weight, subnormal anthropometric measurements, and low serum protein levels. At an intake of 17,986 +/- 945 kJ (4068 +/- 225 Kcal [corrected]) and 344 +/- 18 g of fat per day, the rate of nutrient absorption was 93% for energy and fat and 88% for protein. An increase in the daily fecal fat to 23 +/- 6 g was not associated with diarrhea. While serum triglyceride levels remained unchanged, the total cholesterol level decreased, with a relative increase in the high-density lipoprotein level. Effective utilization of nutrients resulted in a positive nitrogen balance and increases in body weight, triceps skinfold, the midarm muscle circumference, total iron binding capacity, and serum urea nitrogen level.
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PMID:Absorptive capacity for dietary fat in elderly patients with debilitating disorders. 210 86

1. The effect of a daily submaximal exercise regimen on whole-body and peripheral tissue amino acid metabolism during weight-stable intravenous feeding (IVF) was evaluated in 11 normal volunteers. Five of the subjects performed 1 h of daily bicycle exercise at 75 W during IVF, while the remaining six subjects received IVF without daily exercise. Body nitrogen balance, leg and forearm plasma amino acid flux and whole-body kinetics were measured before and on day 10 of IVF using a [1-13C]leucine and [15N]glycine tracer. 2. At the end of the IVF period, exercised subjects demonstrated leg uptake of total amino acids (237 +/- 103 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of tissue, mean +/- SEM) which was significantly (P less than 0.05) different than in non-exercised subjects (-1101 +/- 253 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of tissue). 3. In the non-exercised forearm, a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in total amino acid flux was observed in exercised subjects (-162 +/- 88 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of tissue) compared with non-exercised subjects (-460 +/- 105 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of tissue) on day 10 of IVF. 4. Efflux of 3-methylhistidine significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased from the leg in those subjects who performed daily exercise (-0.29 +/- 0.12 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of tissue) compared with those subjects receiving IVF without daily exercise (-1.46 +/- 0.35 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of tissue).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Exercise-mediated peripheral tissue and whole-body amino acid metabolism during intravenous feeding in normal man. 250 89

Pentobarbital therapy has been associated with decreased urinary nitrogen excretion and resting energy expenditure in stressed patients. The metabolic effects of pentobarbital in sepsis were investigated in 29 well-nourished rats who underwent superior vena caval cannulation, cecal ligation, and puncture. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either a continuous infusion of 20 mg/kg/day of pentobarbital combined with parenteral nutrition (n = 13) or parenteral nutrition alone (n = 16). Both groups received isocaloric, isonitrogenous parenteral nutrition postoperatively for 24 hr. Mean nitrogen balance (+/- SEM) was better in the pentobarbital group (+169 +/- 76 mg/kg/day vs -190 +/- 66 mg/kg/day, p less than 0.01). No significant differences between the pentobarbital and control groups were noted for urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (9 +/- 0.7 micrograms/kg/day vs 11 +/- 0.6 micrograms/kg/day, respectively) or 24 hr survival (77% vs 69%, respectively). Pentobarbital improves nitrogen retention without decreasing urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in septic rats.
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PMID:Pentobarbital improves nitrogen retention in sepsis. 250 72

Twenty-two children with severe protein-energy malnutrition were randomly assigned to dietary treatments that permitted either moderate (4-6 g.kg-1.d-1) rates of weight gain (MG, n = 11) or rapid (12-16 g.kg-1.d-1) rates of weight gain (RG, n = 11) to test the hypothesis that restoration of weight deficits by the RG group restores reference body composition. Final total body water was 60 +/- 4% of body weight in the MG group and 62 +/- 3% in the RG group (NS) indicating reference body composition was attained by both groups. Composition of weight gained was measured by energy and nitrogen balance from doubly labeled water and metabolic collection data. In early recovery, the percent (+/- SEM) protein, fat, and water in weight gain was 20 +/- 1%, 40 +/- 8%, and 40 +/- 10% in the MG group and 14 +/- 1%, 43 +/- 4%, and 43 +/- 12% in the RG group. In late recovery these were 13 +/- 1%, 42 +/- 7%, and 47 +/- 14% in the MG group and 12 +/- 1%, 46 +/- 4%, and 42 +/- 6% in the RG group. We conclude that the nutritional therapy used to promote rapid weight gain restores reference body composition and significantly reduces time required for catch-up growth.
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PMID:Body composition of children recovering from severe protein-energy malnutrition at two rates of catch-up growth. 251 1

In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study the effect of tube-feeding with soy-polysaccharide fiber (SPF) vs without SPF on stool weight (SW), stool consistency (SC), fecal nitrogen (FN), and incidence of diarrhea (ID) was compared in nine head-injured subjects; associations with feeding volume, albumin level, and medications were also examined. Subjects with and without SPF had (mean +/- SEM) SW of 245 +/- 47 and 277 +/- 49 g/d, SC of 2.17 +/- 0.01 and 2.52 +/- 0.13 (3 is watery) (p less than 0.01), FN of 1.35 +/- 0.45 and 1.36 +/- 0.33 g/d, and ID of 33% and 44%, respectively. Significant treatment X treatment-sequence interaction nullified results for SW and SC. Neither FN nor ID were affected by SPF. The condition of all variables tended to improve over time. Certain medications and SPF were predictive of SW and SC; albumin and tube-feeding volume were not. SPF-containing tube feedings did not seem to have an effect on bowel function in these well-nourished head-injured patients.
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PMID:Soy-polysaccharide fiber: effect on diarrhea in tube-fed, head-injured patients. 254 80

The relation between pulmonary distensibility, lung volume, and elastic recoil pressure was examined in 45 patients (38 men) with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (mean age 61 (SD 14) years). Exponential analysis of static pressure-volume data obtained during deflation of the lungs gave the exponent K, an index of the distensibility of the remaining inflatable lung tissue. Total lung capacity (TLC) was measured in a body plethysmograph or by nitrogen washout. The results were compared with values obtained in 147 healthy subjects (95 men), of mean age 39 (SD 16) years. Fibrosing alveolitis decreased K by 0.62 (SEM 0.04) kPa-1. This decrease was approximately equal to 2 SD of the regression of log K on age in healthy subjects. TLC was decreased to a mean of 70% (SD 14%) predicted in the patients with fibrosing alveolitis. Lung recoil pressure at maximum inspiration was about twice the expected value and regression analysis showed that most of this increase was related to the decreased K rather than to the decreased TLC. In the men with fibrosing alveolitis the regression of height standardised TLC (TLC/Ht3) on K was significant (p less than 0.02); the regression slope was similar to that for 95 healthy men, but was displaced to a smaller lung volume. The dependence of TLC/Ht3 on K is consistent with the close relation between K and peripheral airspace size found in normal lungs. In fibrosing alveolitis decreased pulmonary distensibility probably reflects a decrease in airspace size, whereas most of the decrease in lung volume reflects the loss of inflatable tissue in the fibrotic process.
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PMID:Decreased pulmonary distensibility in fibrosing alveolitis and its relation to decreased lung volume. 258 9

Intracellular structures of rapidly frozen biological tissues were observed in 3-D under a low-temperature scanning electron microscope using a newly developed side-entry type cryo-holder. The present low-temperature SEM is simple, easy to operate and effective for observing biological materials at high magnification. Biological tissues (the pancreas, small intestine, brown adipose tissue and Harderian gland) freshly removed from the mouse were immediately frozen in liquid propane cooled with liquid nitrogen, and their surfaces were manually fractured using a precooled razor blade in liquid nitrogen before introducing the cryo-holder into the SEM. When intracellular structures were revealed after appropriate sublimation, the specimens were coated with gold using a metal evaporator fitted to the side of the microscope column at one of the specimen chamber ports. The cryo-holder was connected to a copper braid coming from a liquid nitrogen reservoir to maintain a low temperature. Using this method, intracellular structures such as the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were demonstrated at high magnifications. Ribosomal granules were discerned on the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the pancreatic acinar cells. Granular substances, presumably elementary particles, were also recognized on the mitochondrial cristae of the brown adipose tissue. The method was particularly effective for studying the 3-D configuration of lipid droplets which had been difficult to preserve by chemical fixation.
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PMID:High-resolution low-temperature scanning electron microscopy for observing intracellular structures of quick frozen biological specimens. 259 47

The joint cartilage is depending on the oxygen diffusing from the capillaries of the synovial membrane through the synovial tissue and synovial fluid. In the present study we describe a new method to calculate the diffusing capacity (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2) and blood flow of the synovial membrane. The principle of the method is to perfuse the joint cavity with two saline solutions, one with high and one with low oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures and to measure the oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures in the perfusate flowing out of the joint. Using a model of gas exchange between the joint and the membrane a set of equations was derived expressing the relationship between the blood flow, diffusing capacity and oxygen consumption and the oxygen and nitrogen flowing to and from the joint in the two different perfusion situations. In 12 rabbit knee joints we found a blood flow of 0.388 ml/min (SEM 0.027), VO2 of 0.495 microliters/min (SEM 0.196) and DO2 of 0.024 microliter/min/Torr SEM 0.003 (mean).
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PMID:Improved method to estimate oxygen consumption, diffusing capacity and blood flow of synovial membrane. 259 79

The ESCA study gives a good qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of internal and external surfaces of foreign materials. Microporous hydrophobic Mitrathane (a polyetherurethane urea) grafts were implanted as blood conduits in dogs for up to 6 months. Surface analysis of explanted grafts demonstrated the presence of different contaminants: sodium, chlorine, silicon, in patent grafts, i.e. those implanted for 1 month and less. The sulphur probably comes from the presence of proteins on the surface of the polymer and the high level of nitrogen is also protein-related. At 6 month implantation, the grafts were occluded and a decrease of proteins on the surface was observed. The values of N/C and O/C ratios are also reported. For the virgin material, these ratios correspond to the quantity of hard and soft segments; but, for the explanted grafts, these parameters are also influenced by the presence of proteins due to the Versaclean washing which did not wash away all the proteins on the surface of the polymer. The SEM photographs showed a certain degradation of polyurethane after 6 month of implantation. However, by ESCA study, it is difficult to compare the surface of virgin and explanted grafts because it is masked by the presence of proteins.
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PMID:Hydrophobic and fibrillar microporous polyetherurethane urea prosthesis: an ESCA study on the internal and external surfaces of explanted grafts. 260 85

Although maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are often wasted, little is known about their dietary energy needs. We studied four men and two women in a clinical research center while they received diets providing 45, 35 and 25 kcal/kg desirable body weight/day; diets were fed, in random order, for 21 to 23 days each. Protein intake, 1.13 +/- 0.02 (SEM) g protein/kg/day, was similar with all three diets. Body weight rose with 45 and 35 kcal/kg/day (P less than 0.05) and fell with 25 kcal/kg/day (P less than 0.05). Nitrogen balance, adjusted for estimated unmeasured losses, was neutral with 45 and 35 kcal/kg/day and negative with 25 kcal/kg/day. Balance was neutral or positive in 6 of 6, 4 of 6, and 0 of 6 patients fed 45, 35, 25 kcal/kg/day, respectively. Nitrogen balance, many plasma amino acids and changes in body weight, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area and body fat each correlated with energy intake. Resting energy expenditure was normal. The energy intake estimated from regression equations to maintain neutral nitrogen balance was 38.5 kcal/kg desirable weight/day; for body fat and weight, it was 32 kcal/kg/day. These data suggest that MHD patients have normal energy expenditure and approximately normal requirements for maintenance of protein balance, body weight and body fat. An average energy intake of about 38 kcal/kg desirable weight/day may be necessary to maintain nitrogen balance in these patients.
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PMID:Effect of energy intake on nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients. 270 73


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