Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery were randomised to receive recombination human growth hormone (n = 9) or placebo (n = 10) for the first five postoperative days. All received epidural analgesia and total parenteral nutrition during the same period (energy supply 125% of basal metabolic rate, mean nitrogen (+/- SEM) 5.7 (+/- 0.1) g/m2). Nitrogen and potassium retention was induced in the growth hormone group compared with the placebo group (cumulative nitrogen balance 4.1 (+/- 1.1) g/m2 in the growth hormone group and -3.1 (+/- 1.8) g/m2 in the placebo group, p less than 0.01; cumulative potassium balance 80.8 (+/- 4.7) mmol/m2 in the growth hormone group and 43.1 (+/- 11.4) mmol/m2 in the placebo group, p less than 0.01). In the growth hormone group, serum glucose concentrations increased each evening and mean serum albumin concentrations were reduced throughout the period; the morning pulse rates were decreased, and the patients gained weight compared with the placebo group.
 ...
PMID:Nitrogen retention caused by growth hormone in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with epidural analgesia and parenteral nutrition. 167 77

The effects of a carbohydrate-based diet (50% carbohydrate calories, 30% fat calories, 20% protein calories) versus a fat-based diet (28% carbohydrate calories, 55% fat calories, 17% protein calories) on oxidation rates of carbohydrate, fat, and protein were assessed in 12 patients with infections by indirect calorimetry and estimation of urea nitrogen production rate. The diets were given continuously for 18 hours in a randomized cross-over study on 2 consecutive days. Energy supply (kcal/d) was adjusted individually to meet the energy expenditure measured on the preceding day after an overnight fast and was 1,647 +/- 129 (SEM) for the carbohydrate-based diet and 1,655 +/- 131 for the fat-based diet. Oxidation rates (kcal/d) for carbohydrate (carbohydrate-based diet, 525 +/- 70; fat-based diet, 363 +/- 84) were different between the diets (P less than .05), whereas no difference could be found for fat (carbohydrate-based diet, 820 +/- 117; fat-based diet, 968 +/- 136) and protein (carbohydrate-based diet, 252 +/- 29; fat-based diet, 236 +/- 23). However, during carbohydrate-based feeding, carbohydrate balance (288 +/- 93 kcal/d) and fat balance (-327 +/- 107 kcal/d) were significantly different from zero (P less than .05), indicating continuous oxidation of endogenous fat and storage of administered glucose. During the fat-based diet, carbohydrate and fat balances were not different from zero. A correlation between energy and substrate balances was not seen during either diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Short-term energy balance in patients with infections: carbohydrate-based versus fat-based diets. 173 33

Lower-than-normal tyrosine concentrations of unexplained pathogenesis in plasma and intracellular body water have been reported in patients with chronic renal failure. We found a derivative of tyrosine that is not measured by the usual methods of amino-acid analysis because its alpha-amino group is blocked and cannot react to form other derivatives. An in vivo covalent reaction with urea-derived cyanate forms alpha-amino-carbamoyl-tyrosine (N-C-Tyr) in patients with end-stage renal disease. A longitudinal study of patients with end-stage renal disease who were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis shows that plasma that is obtained within 4 hours of the morning meal contains 70.1 +/- 6 mumol/L of tyrosine (mean +/- SEM) and 77.2 +/- 12 mumol/L of N-C-Tyr (mean +/- SEM). Thus there is a molecule of N-C-Tyr for each molecule of tyrosine present. The carbamoylation index or ratio of N-C-Tyr to tyrosine, blood urea nitrogen, episodes of peritonitis, and changes in dialysis protocol were compared. A reduction in the number of peritoneal dialysis exchanges resulted in parallel increases in carbamoylation index and blood urea nitrogen. Altering dialysis by increasing the number of exchanges or adding supplemental hemodialysis resulted in a decrease in the carbamoylation index with a delayed decrease in blood urea nitrogen. We found a significant increase of N-C-Tyr (p = 0.005) and of the carbamoylation index (p = 0.004) during six episodes of peritonitis compared with 10 periods of no peritonitis in two patients who had multiple episodes of peritonitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Tyrosine and N-carbamoyl-tyrosine in end-stage renal disease during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 174 4

Long-term specific tolerance to one haplotype class I plus minor antigen disparate renal allografts develops without exogenous immunosuppression in approximately 35% of miniature swine (n = 128). Previous studies have suggested that this phenomenon is related to limited class I-specific helper T cell activity as evidenced by the failure of antibody class switching in vivo and the ability of exogenous interleukin 2 to elicit antidonor responses in vitro. To determine whether tolerance could be broken by inducing antidonor reactivity with donor antigen and a source of T cell help, multiple skin grafts bearing donor class I plus third-party class II antigens were placed on tolerant animals. Skin grafts were placed at least 3 months after the kidney transplant, at which time all recipients had normal renal function as measured by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. First-set rejection of skin grafts by SLAad and SLAdd hosts occurred in 11.8 +/- 1.1 days (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) and in 9.3 +/- 0.9 days (n = 4), respectively. Coincident with skin rejection, most animals developed a transient rise in BUN to 62 +/- 11 mg/dl (n = 10) and a similar rise in Cr to 4.9 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (n = 10), with normal levels returning in all animals within two weeks. Subsequent skin grafts with the same disparity did not undergo second-set rejection and did not induce BUN or Cr elevations. Prior to skin grafting, animals showed no antidonor activity in mixed lymphocyte reaction or cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity assays. After two skin grafts, all animals developed donor-specific CML and secondary MLR responses, and additional skin grafts amplified this cellular immunity. Development of marked antidonor immunity without a break in tolerance suggested that either graft adaptation or local suppression might be involved in maintaining tolerance to class I MHC antigens. In preliminary studies, an immunized SLAad animal and an immunized SLAdd animal were retransplanted with kidneys MHC matched to their first allografts. In both cases, the second graft was accepted permanently without immunosuppression, suggesting that graft adaptation is not necessary for the maintenance of tolerance to renal allografts in miniature swine.
 ...
PMID:The failure of skin grafting to break tolerance to class I-disparate renal allografts in miniature swine despite inducing marked antidonor cellular immunity. 175 67

Amino acid balance and nitrogen balance during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) were investigated in 11 critically ill anuric patients during the first 7 days after onset of anuria. Nitrogen intake ranged from 0.115 +/- 0.013 (SEM) g/kg/day on day 1 to 0.291 +/- 0.029 (SEM) g/kg/day on day 7. After 7 days of TPN, 9 patients had a positive cumulative protein-N balance of 287.52 +/- 68.52 (SEM) mg/kg, 2 patients had a negative balance of 781.8 and 1,103.2 mg/kg, respectively. Mean amino acid loss in ultrafiltrate was 0.159 +/- 0.008 (SEM) g/kg/day. Four patients died without recovery of renal function.
 ...
PMID:Nitrogen and amino acid balance during total parenteral nutrition and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in critically ill anuric children. 175 24

The influence of alacepril (50 mg/day) on arterial blood pressure and microproteinuria in 26 hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients was studied for 16 weeks. Alacepril reduced blood pressure gradually from 175/88 (standard error of mean [SEM] 2.6/1.7) to 152/81 (3.3/2.0) mm Hg (P less than .005) and albuminuria from 160.6 (SEM 29.1) to 98.1 (14.1) mg/g Cr (P less than .05), while serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, HbA1c, and fructosamine (FRA) remained stable. No significant changes occurred in the urinary beta 2 microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels. As compared with the effects of a calcium antagonist (nicardipine, 60 mg/day) that reduced blood pressure from 170/92 (SEM 2.5/1.4) to 154/84 (2.5/1.5) mm Hg (P less than .001) and albuminuria from 162.2 (SEM 33.9) to 95.4 (25.0) mg/g Cr (not significant), it is suggested that the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (alacepril) may have an advantageous renal effect in spite of its mild antihypertensive effect.
 ...
PMID:Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (alacepril) and calcium antagonist (nicardipine) in hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. 177 31

Rabbit eyes were enucleated and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The vitreous was removed and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The mean level (+/- SEM) of PGE2 in the anterior as well as in the posterior vitreous was 0.09 +/- 0.016 ng/ml (n = 12 rabbits). Animals pretreated with indomethacin 15 min before death, in order to prevent the formation of prostaglandin during enucleation, showed in both the anterior and posterior vitreous mean PGE2 levels of 0.04 +/- 0.008 ng/ml (n = 12) which were significantly lower. Ocular trauma such as paracentesis of the anterior chamber, indentation of the sclera or laser photocoagulation in the fundus 1 h before death of the animals did not increase the concentration of PGE2 in the vitreous humor. There is no evidence either for local release of PGE2 from tissues in the fundus of the eye or for diffusion of PGE2 from the anterior chamber into the vitreous humor.
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandin E2 in the vitreous body of the normal rabbit eye and after ocular trauma. 178 55

Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) was administered subcutaneously to 6 normal subjects and 2 patients with GH deficiency at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days after breakfast. In normal subjects, plasma IGF-I levels increased from 217 +/- 22 ng/ml (Mean +/- SEM) to maximal levels of 581 +/- 6 ng/ml 4 h after the first administration of IGF-I. The blood glucose levels were statistically depressed 4 h after injection at 69 +/- 2 mg/dl. Similar plasma IGF-I and blood glucose profiles were observed after the seventh administration of IGF-I. The free form of IGF-I in plasma was 2.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml in normal subjects and increased to maximal levels of 43.5 +/- 5.1 ng/ml 2 h after the first IGF-I administration. A similar pattern for the free form of IGF-I was observed after the seventh administration; however, the values obtained at 0, 1 and 2 h were greater after the seventh administration. In patients with G-deficiency, the plasma IGF-I and blood glucose profiles were similar to those observed in normal subjects, although the total IGF-I levels were low in these patients at all sampling points during the study. Slight decreases in serum insulin, uric acid, and creatinine were observed after the seventh administration of IGF-I. There were no changes in the excretion of urea nitrogen, creatine, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium or C-peptide in the urine during the 7 days of IGF-I administration.
 ...
PMID:Repeated sc administration of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to human subjects for 7 days. 184 57

Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and creatine phosphokinase were measured in 32 women during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy and, in a further 39 women, during and after labor. The serum creatinine increased from 61.9 +/- 0.9 to 69.8 +/- 1.8 mumol/l (mean +/- SEM) (P less than 0.05) in the third stage of labor and returned to normal by 72 h after delivery. The muscle creatine phosphokinase increased from 54 +/- 7 to 77 +/- 9.9 units (P less than 0.05) during the third stage and remained high (87 +/- 13.3 units) 72 h later. We conclude that these changes are due to muscle contraction and injury during delivery.
 ...
PMID:The rise of serum creatinine levels during labor. 189 22

We have utilized specific, irreversible inhibitors of cysteine proteinases to examine the role of renal cathepsin B and cathepsin L in the proteinuria which occurs in an experimental model of human glomerular disease. Administration of trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(3-methyl)butane (Ep475) a specific, irreversible inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, including cathepsins B and L, significantly reduced proteinuria in rats with experimentally induced, neutrophil-independent, anti-GBM antibody disease (controls: 10 +/- 1 mg/24 h, N = 8; anti-GBM antibody disease: 203 +/- 30 mg/24 h, N = 8; anti-GBM antibody disease + Ep475: 112 +/- 13 mg/24 h, mean +/- SEM, N = 6, P less than 0.05). There was a marked reduction in the activity of both cathepsin B and cathepsin L in renal cortices obtained from Ep475-treated rats compared to either saline-treated controls or rats treated with anti-GBM IgG only. Administration of Z-Phe-Tyr(O-t-butyl)CHN2, a specific, irreversible cysteine proteinase inhibitor with a high degree of selectivity toward cathepsin L, also caused a reduction in anti-GBM antibody-induced proteinuria (90 +/- 18 mg/24 h, N = 6, P less than 0.05). This reduction in proteinuria was accompanied by a marked decrease (-84%) in the specific activity of renal cortical cathepsin L in Z-Phe-Tyr(O-t-butyl)CHN2-treated rats. However, cathepsin B activity was unchanged. There was no significant change in the renal anti-GBM antibody uptake, plasma urea nitrogen, or plasma creatinine values in the Z-Phe-Tyr(O-t-butyl)CHN2-treated rats compared to rats treated with anti-GBM IgG only or saline-treated controls. These data document the ability of cysteine proteinase inhibitors to decrease the proteinuria which occurs in a neutrophil-independent model of human anti-GBM antibody disease and suggest an important role for cathepsin L in the pathophysiology of the proteinuria which occurs in this model.
 ...
PMID:Evidence suggesting a role for cathepsin L in an experimental model of glomerulonephritis. 189 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>