Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lower concentrations of total serum zinc (540 +/- 111 mug/1, mean +/- SEM), and of albumin-bound serum zinc (295 +/- 113 mug/1) and a higher concentration of alpha2-macroglobulin-bound zinc (245 +/- 69 mug/1) were found in 25 patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis, compared to 28 healthy subjects (835 +/- 91; 679 +/- 83; 156 +/- 27 mug/1 respectively). Levels of total and albumin-bound zinc were significantly and positively correlated with serum albumin levels. Higher levels of alpha2-macroglobulin-bound zinc were associated with higher levels of alpha2-macroglobulin in these patients (2.8 +/- 0.8 g/1) compared to normals (2.3 +/- 0.6). Hence, not only do decompensated cirrhotics exhibit a lower serum zinc level but a greater proportion of this zinc is associated with the tightly bound, and presumably metabolically more inert, serum fraction. This situation exaggerates the zinc deficiency state of the severe cirrhotic.
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PMID:Distribution of serum zinc between albumin and alpha2-macroglobulin in patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. 5 58

Antiarrhythmic concentrations of disopyramide in canine plasma and myocardium were determined by gas chromatography. Ventricular tachycardia was incuded in anesthetized dogs by the intravenous administration of ouabain. Disopyramide phosphate was then administered by a two-stage continuous infusion method. A rapid infusion of disopyramide (9.08 mg/kg/hr) was administered for 30 min, followed by a slow infusion (2.18 mg/kg/hr) to maintain steady-state plasma levels of 1.98-2.21, mean +/- SEM = 2.1 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml at the end of 2 hr. Myocardial tissue levels of disopyramide at steady-state plasma levels were four times those of plasma (atrial tissue, 8.91 +/- 0.10; right ventricular free wall, 8.93 +/- 0.13; left ventricular free wall, 9.11 +/- 0.16 microgram/gm wet tissue). The intravenous administration of 80 units crystalline zinc insulin produced both hypokalemia (3.78 +/- 0.22 reduced to 2.36 +/- 0.18 mEq potassium/liter plasma) and a reappearance of ventricular tachycardia despite no change in plasma and myocardial tissue concentrations of disopyramide from those which had been effective in establishing and maintaining sinus rhythm. The observations demonstrate a relationship between plasma and myocardial disopyramide concentrations such that the former can be used in assessing patient therapy. In addition, this study suggests the important of plasma potassium in determining the therapeutic effectiveness of disopyramide.
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PMID:Disopyramide plasma and myocardial tissue concentrations as they relate to antiarrhythmic activity. 9 10

Plasma concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in 15 obese patients before intestinal bypass surgery, in 27 patients after intestinal bypass surgery, and in 52 lean control subjects. Preoperatively, the obese patients had zinc concentrations that were significantly lower than in the lean control subjects (76 +/- 3 versus 89 +/- 2 microgram/dl) (+/- SEM) and copper levels that were significantly higher (147 +/- 10 versus 119 +/- 3 microgram/dl). After intestinal bypass, plasma zinc and copper concentrations were significantly lower (zinc, 62 +/- 2 microgram/dl; copper, 90 +/- 5 microgram/dl; P less than 0.001) than in prebypass patients. One patient developed leukopenia associated with a plasma copper concentration of 36 microgram/dl. Leukocyte count and plasma copper level rose with oral copper sulfate replacement therapy. Intestinal bypass surgery may produce clinically significant decreases in plasma concentrations of zinc and copper. Careful observation and replacement therapy are indicated in all patients who develop deficiences after intestinal bypass surgery.
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PMID:Plasma zinc and copper in obesity and after intestinal bypass. 69 28

A radioimmunoassay for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) has been developed, validated, and applied to the measurement of serotonin in blood and platelet-rich plasma. Six rabbits immunized with serotonin diazotized to a DL-p-aminophenylalanine-bovine serum albumin conjugate yielded anti-serotonin antibodies. In the radioimmunoassay, antibody-containing plasma (1:100) is incubated with 0.2 pmoles of [3H]serotonin, EDTA, and either serotonin standards or unknown samples (0.1 ml). Blood levels of serotonin are measured in a protein-free supernatant prepared by water lysis of heparinized blood followed by protein precipitation using zinc hydroxide. This assay is sensitive to 100 pg of serotonin and has demonstrated insignificant cross-reactivity with a number of serotonin analogues at their normal circulating concentrations. Validation has been achieved by obtaining comparable values for normal blood serotonin concentrations by radioimmunoassay and by spectrophotofluorometry as well as by demonstrating that dilutions of endogenous serotonin in rabbit blood and blood from a patient with the carcinoid syndrome were superimposable on a standard calibration curve. In 55 normal human subjects the mean whole blood serotonin concentration was 168 +/- 13.4 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) (range: 31 to 442 ng/ml). In 15 normal volunteers the mean radioimmunoassayable serotonin concentrations in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma were 337 +/- 40 ng/10(9) platelets and 341 +/- 37 ng/10(9) platelets, respectively. Incubation of blood with PGE1 to inhibit in vitro platelet aggregation before radioimmunoassay resulted in a significant fall in measurable serotonin activity in platelet-poor plasma (from 15.3 +/- 3.0 to 6.4 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). Seventeen normal human volunteers demonstrated a rise in circulating serotonin activity to a mean of 362.1 +/- 16.9 ng/ml at 30 min postcibal after a standard test meal, which was significantly (P less than 0.02) greater than the mean fasting level of 198.1 +/- 37.0 ng/ml. Five fasting controls did not show a rise in circulating serotonin levels when sampled at these intervals. These data suggest release of serotonin, presumably from the intestine, after a meal and make serotonin a candidate hormone in gastrointestinal physiology.
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PMID:Validation and application of a radioimmunoassay for serotonin. 125 37

An extra oral approach was made to 26 pairs of Wistar rat incisors and a small bur used to expose the pulps which were then dressed with either calcium hydroxide paste (Pulpdent) zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Kalzinol) or a triamocinolone acetonide/tetracycline containing cement (Ledermix). Animals were sacrificed at 7 days, incisors removed, a window cut to the pulp opposite the site of exposure, soft tissues removed with 7% NaOCl for 30 minutes before teeth were dehydrated in graded concentrations of acetone and gold coated for examination under SEM. Calcium hydroxide produced rapid complete repair with a remarkably regular formation of calcospherites, except for a zone of relative inhibition perforated by nutrient canals at the periphery of each lesion. Both zinc oxide-eugenol and triamcinolone acetonide cements inhibited both bridging of the defect created by the exposure and dentine formation in the surrounding pulpal wall. Data was grouped according to the degree of hard tissue repair. The results were statistically significant (Chi-square p < or = 0.001). This method demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differences in the repair process resulting from chemical variations in the dressings applied.
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PMID:Morphology of the mineralizing front and observations of reparative dentine following induction and inhibition of dentinogenesis in the rat incisor. 130 79

The unstimulated platelet surface contains a specific and saturable binding site for high molecular weight kininogen (HK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LK). Investigations were performed with purified heavy and light chains of HK to determine which portion(s) of the HK molecule binds to the platelet surface. Purified 64-Kd heavy chain of HK and 56-Kd light chain of HK, independently, inhibited 125I-HK binding to unstimulated platelets with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 84 nmol/L (apparent Ki, 30 nmol/L) and 30 nmol/L (apparent Ki, 11 nM), respectively. The ability of each of the purified chains of HK to independently inhibit 125I-HK binding was not due to cleavage, reduction, and alkylation of the protein, because two-chain HK, produced by treating HK the same way as purifying the separate chains, inhibited binding similarly to intact HK. Further, purified LK alone inhibited 125I-HK binding to platelets (Ki, 17 +/- 1 nmol/L, n = 7). The 64-Kd heavy chain of HK was a competitive inhibitor on a reciprocal plot of 125I-HK-platelet binding with an apparent Ki of 28 +/- 6 nmol/L (n = 4). Independently, purified 56-Kd light chain of HK was also found to be a competitive inhibitor of 125I-HK-platelet binding, with an apparent Ki of 11 +/- 3 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 4). These indirect studies indicated that HK binds to platelets by two portions of the molecule, one on the heavy chain and another on the light chain. Studies with 125I-light chain of HK showed that it specifically bound directly to platelets in the presence of zinc, since it was blocked by HK, light chain of HK, or EDTA, but not by LK, C1s, C1 inhibitor, plasmin, factor XIII, or fibrinogen. Purified light chain of HK did not inhibit direct 125I-LK binding to platelets. HK was found to bind to platelets in an unmodified form. HK bound to platelets was cleaved by plasma or urinary kallikrein at a slower rate than the same concentration of soluble HK or HK bound and subsequently eluted from the platelet surface. Cleavage of platelet-bound HK correlated with bradykinin liberation. These studies indicate that HK has two domains on its molecule that bind to platelets. Further, platelet-bound HK is protected from kallikreins' proteolysis. This latter finding suggests that cell binding may modify the rate of bradykinin liberation from HK.
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PMID:High molecular weight kininogen binds to platelets by its heavy and light chains and when bound has altered susceptibility to kallikrein cleavage. 153 48

Newborn infants of diabetic mothers have serum biochemical signs of iron deficiency in cord blood directly related to elevations of cord erythropoietin and Hb concentrations. In sheep, chronic fetal hyperinsulinemia results in fetal hypoxemia, expansion of the red cell mass, and decreased iron concentrations, most likely due to increased iron utilization for Hb synthesis. To determine whether fetal insulin exposure also results in reduced tissue iron concentrations, we measured liver, skeletal muscle, small intestine, heart, and brain iron concentrations in newborn rat pups after s.c. fetal injection of insulin or diluent alone on d 19 of gestation. The fetuses of 11 pregnant rats were exteriorized, injected with 2 U neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin or diluent, replaced in utero, and delivered on d 22. To determine dose dependency, the fetuses of six pregnant rats were injected with 3 U of longer-acting protamine zinc insulin and delivered on d 21. At delivery, the insulin-treated groups had higher birth weights than the placebo-treated group, although plasma insulin concentrations were not different. The 2 U neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin-treated fetuses had significantly lower mean +/- SEM liver iron concentrations than the control fetuses (910 +/- 34 versus 1014 +/- 43 micrograms/g dry tissue weight; p less than 0.05), but had similar skeletal muscle iron concentrations. The 3 U protamine zinc insulin-treated fetuses had significantly lower liver and skeletal muscle iron concentrations compared to control and to 2 U neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin-treated fetuses (p less than 0.05). No differences in small intestine, heart, or brain iron concentrations were seen among groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of in utero insulin exposure on tissue iron status in fetal rats. 159 33

Calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, sodium, magnesium and zinc estimations were carried out on teeth from a patient with hypophosphataemic vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) and from a patient with acquired rickets with the aim of determining differences in the composition of dentine in these two types of rickets. Normal deciduous teeth served as controls. Mineral analyses were carried out using an electron probe micro-analyser after carefully polishing the hemisected specimens. After the analyses the specimens were coated with gold-palladium for more detailed SEM studies. The Ca, P, F and Zn contents of the calcospherites were normal, while there was more Na and less Mg in the dentine of HVDRR teeth than of controls. The significance of this remains unexplained. The mineral content of the interglobular spaces was very limited, but there was more Zn in these than in other parts of the HVDRR teeth, in the acquired rickets teeth or in the control teeth. The excess of Zn in the interglobular spaces is thought to have an effect on the mineralisation process in HVDRR teeth. The globular nature of HVDRR teeth is thought to be genetically controlled and the result of a reduction in the number of calcification nuclei. The globular nature of the HVDRR teeth was not due to lack of Ca and P, as the serum levels of these minerals were maintained within normal limits during tooth development by controlled phosphate supplementation. Because in acquired rickets the globules were seen at the developmental stage that the teeth had reached when the nutritional disturbance occurred, the fault in mineralisation is thought to be different from that in HVDRR teeth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mineral content of different areas of human dentin in hypophosphataemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. 165 2

The effects of carbohydrate loading on relative stress responses of eight male subjects performing intermittent leg exercise at 80% maximum oxygen consumption during headout immersion in 25 degrees C water were tested. Carbohydrate loading increased the number of work cycles completed, with less physical stress compared with that completed following the control diet period. Pre-exercise serum cortisol values were similar on both diets prior to exercise but following exercise control values were greater (1152, 94 vs 858, 77 nmol l-1; mean, SEM). Chromium losses, which have been shown to correlate with stress, were lower during the carbohydrate loading period, 8.6, 1.3 vs 12.4, 2.0 ng h-1, and were correlated with post-exercise serum cortisol. Urinary zinc losses were also lower during carbohydrate loading, while urinary losses of potassium, magnesium and calcium remained constant. Insulin values decreased similarly following exercise in both groups and were not altered by carbohydrate loading. These data demonstrate that carbohydrate loading increases immersion exercise output with less stress as determined by serum cortisol and urinary chromium losses.
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PMID:Effects of carbohydrate loading and underwater exercise on circulating cortisol, insulin and urinary losses of chromium and zinc. 174 6

This study compares the nutritional status and dietary intake of 14 tubefed nursing home patients with pressure sores (age: 70 +/- 5 years, mean +/- SEM) to 12 tubefed patient-controls without sores (age: 60 +/- 7 years). Patients tended to have higher calorie intake (32 +/- 3 kcal/kg) than patient-controls (26 +/- 2 kcal/kg, p = 0.11). Protein intake was significantly higher in patients (1.4 +/- 0.2 g/kg) than patient-controls (0.9 +/- 0.1 g of protein per kg, p less than 0.05). Despite increased calorie and protein intake, biochemical measures of nutritional status were worse in the patients. Serum albumin was lower in patients (33 +/- 1 g/L) than in patient-controls (37 +/- 1 g/L, p less than 0.05) as was level of hemoglobin (patients: 117 +/- 5; patient-controls: 132 +/- 5 g/L, p less than 0.05). Patients with stage IV (severe) sores had lower serum cholesterol levels (3.46 +/- 0.31 mmol/L, n = 5) than patients with stage II/III (milder) sores (4.58 +/- 0.23 mmol/L, n = 9, p less than 0.05). Plasma zinc was low in both patients (11.2 +/- 0.6 mumol/L) and patient-controls (11.5 +/- 0.7 mumol/L, p = NS). Pressure sore surface area was positively correlated with calorie intake per kilogram of body weight (r = +0.59, p less than 0.04) and negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.70, p less than 0.03), hemoglobin (r = -0.55, p less than 0.07) and serum cholesterol (r = -0.57, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Malnutrition in tubefed nursing home patients with pressure sores. 176 57


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