Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 8 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, serum prolactin was measured and found to be elevated (24.8 +/- 10.2 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM). After correction of the ketoacidosis, the prolactin level decreased to 10.9 +/- 6.4 ng/ml (normal range men 4.9 +/-0.8, women 5.1 +/- 1.6 ng/ml). The scatter of prolactin values was wide. A study of the correlation between the serum prolactin values and chemical parameters that are altered in diabetic ketoacidosis was therefore undertaken. Serum prolactin values did not correlate well with the serum bicarbonate concentration or serum osmolality. However, a significant negative correlation between log serum prolactin concentration and serum sodium concentration was demonstrated (r = -0.61, P less than 0.01). It is suggested that serum prolactin may possible participate in sodium retention in man as has been demonstrated in studies on animals.
 ...
PMID:Increased serum prolactin in diabetic ketoacidosis; correlation between serum sodium and serum prolacting concentration. 1 57

Twelve Shetland ponies were fed a high-starch ration. Seven ponies which had a transitory metabolic acidosis developed laminitis 56 hours (+/- 3.5, SEM) after overfeeding. These ponies also developed persistent hypokalemia, hyperthermia, and increased heart rate 24 hours before the onset of lameness. Serum sodium, serum chloride, hematocrit, plasma volume, and blood volume were unchanged. At the onset of clinical signs of laminitis, cardiac output and blood pressure increased, but total peripheral resistance was unchanged. None of the measured or calculated values predicted the onset of laminitis. Hypertension appeared to be a response to, rather than a cause of, lameness. Three of the remaining ponies apparently died of shock 29.3 +/- 2.7 hours after overfeeding. All 3 had severe metabolic acidosis; decreased cardiac output, systemic arterial pressure, and plasma volume; and increased hematocrit, total peripheral resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance. The 11th pony was unaffected and the 12th pony was euthanatized.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular, acid-base, electrolyte, and plasma volume changes in ponies developing alimentary laminitis. 3 30

We measured free calcium and related variables before and after the subject changed from the upright to the supine posture, doing 15 separate such experiments on 11 healthy men. After such a change, free calcium (1.7 +/- 0.4%), total calcium (4.6 +/- 0.7%), total protein (11.5 +/- 1.4%), albumin (12.2 +/- 2.0%), total magnesium (3.8 +/- 0.9%), and the activity of hydrogen ion (2.9 +/- 1.0%) decreased significantly (values are means +/- SEM), but promptly reverted when three subjects assumed the alternative posture. Changes in lactate values were not rapidly reversible; sodium and potassium showed no significant change. The mechanism of the changes in free calcium is unclear, but they correlated only with the changes in total calcium and were notably less than the changes in total calcium, indicating that posture will have less effect on the interpretation of free calcium values than on values for total calcium.
 ...
PMID:Influence of posture on free calcium and related variables. 3 19

A double-barreled Na+-selective microelectrode was constructed with monensin as a liquid ion exchanger. The HCl-treated monensin was dissolved in a solvent (Corning 477317) at 10% (weight/weight). Internal reference solution of its ionic barrel was mixture of 0.49 M NaCl and 0.01 M KCl, the pH being adjusted to 3 with 0.1 M citrate-HCl buffer, whereas that of the PD barrel was 0.5 M KCl. Average slope and selectivity ratio (Na+/K+) tested on 10 different microelectrodes were -57.5 +/- 1.87 mV/P(Na) (SEM) and 6.7 +/- 0.44, respectively. The electrical resistance was an order of 10(10) ohm and the response time was less than 10 sec. Using this microelectrode, a free flow micropuncture experiment was carried out in the bullfrog kidney and the intracellular Na+ activity as well as the membrane PD was determined on the proximal tubular cell. Average value (+/- SEM, n = 15) for the intracellular Na+ and K+ was 20.7 +/- 1.56 mEq/L and 61.2 +/- 1.16 mEq/L, respectively, and -68.7 +/- 0.88 mV for the peritubular membrane PD. There was a significant negative correlation between Na+ and K+ activities within the cell, i.e., the lower the ionic activity of cellular Na+ was, the higher the cellular K+, and vice versa, the sum of these two being kept nearly constant. The above finding may be somehow related to the isosmosis in the reabsorptive process across the proximal tubular epithelium.
 ...
PMID:The measurement of intracellular sodium activities in the bullfrog by means of double-barreled sodium liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. 4 4

Uroporphyrinogen I synthase [porphobilinogen ammonia-lyase (polymerizing), EC 4.3.1.8] from human erythrocytes was separated into two active protein peaks (A and B on DEAE-cellulose, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, on Sephadex G-100, and on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 with a NaCl gradient. The final purification was 613 and 743 times for A and B, respectively. The corresponding yields were 2.2 and 3.4% Fraction A was separated further into two (A1 and A2) active protein bands and fraction B into three (B1, B2, and B3) on analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Bands A1 and A2 were identical with B1 and B2; B3 represented a third isoenzyme. Molecular weights (mean +/- SEM), measured by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were 38,000 +/- 1000 for B1 and 40,000 +/- 1000 for B2 and B3. Isoelectric focusing on 4% polyacrylamide gel separated both fractions A and B into three active protein bands. Maximal activity of the enzyme was found in gel cuts (5-mm) at pH 5.6 for both fractions A and B.
 ...
PMID:Uroporphyrinogen I synthase from human erythrocytes: separation, purification, and properties of isoenzymes. 4 11

1. Intracellular electrolytes, and erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, was studied in twenty patients after renal transplantation. 2. The mean ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity in the erythrocyte membranes of the transplant patients was 122 nmol of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) h-1 mg of tissue-1 (SEM 14), compared with 62 nmol of Pi h-1 mg of tissue-1 (SEM 8) in a group of paired, healthy controls. 3. The increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase was most marked in the 4 months after transplantation. However, a significant increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase persisted for more than 8 months after transplantation. 4. This increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase was associated with a decrease in intracellular sodium in the erythrocytes of the transplant patients.
 ...
PMID:Changes in erythrocyte membrane ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase after renal transplantation. 12 85

Juvenile rats fed a diet containing 1% lead acetate for 7 weeks, in addition to an impaired growth rate and renal function derangements, suffered malabsorption of glucose and certain amino acids, as assessed by an in vivo perfusion technique. The reduction in glucose absorption ranged between 10% and 31% when the carbohydrate was pumped in concentrations of 2-80 mM. This alteration was compatible with a noncompetitive type of transport inhibition. The intestinal absorption of glycine, lysine, and phenylalanine were, respectively, decreased 22, 18, and 15% when these amino acids were present at 1 mM levels. Sodium transport was severely reduced (57.6 +/- 17.9 (SEM) vs. 124.2 +/- 17.4 muEq/min-cm) and intestinal mucosa (Na+-K+)-ATPase was concomitantly lower in the lead-intoxicated rats (186.4 +/- 19.0 vs 268.4 +/- 29.8 nmol P/min-mg protein). However, this enzyme was not altered in liver and kidney. Furthermore, intestinal mucosa fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and tryptophan hydroxylase were not different in experimental and control animals. These studies substantiate the presence of functional and biochemical abnormalities in the intestinal mucosa of young rats when fed substantial amounts of a soluble lead salt. It is, therefore, reasonable to accept the possibility that physiologic damage occurs in tissues directly subjected to high and persistent levels of a toxic agents, as it occurs in other organs, underscoring the parallelism between transport mechanisms at the renal and intestinal levels.
 ...
PMID:Experimental lead poisoning and intestinal transport of glucose, amino acids, and sodium. 13 38

Adrenal steroid secretion rates and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system were studied in the normothermic marmot. Adrenal secretion by the anesthetized, laparotomized marmot was (mean +/- SEM); aldosterone 1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/min, deoxycorticosterone 16.7 +/- 11.5 ng/min, corticosterone 15.2 +/- 7.8 ng/min, and cortisol 554 +/- 108 ng/min. Four forcings were investigated that affect feedback control at different sites: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin II (AII) infusion, sodium (Na) depletion, and Na loading. Plasma aldosterone, cortisol, Na, and potassium (K) concentrations as well as plasma renin activity (PRA) hematocrit (Hct), and in some studies, blood pressure were measured. ACTH infusion increased the plasma concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol. AII infusion increased aldosterone concentration, blood pressure, and Hct. Na depletion increased aldosterone, Hct, and PRA; plasma Na and K were decreased. Aldosterone concentration, Hct, and PRA decreased after salt loading. Normothermic, salt-depleted marmots demonstrated a pronounced fall in blood pressure following infusion of the AII analog, 1-sarcosine-8-alanine AII. The average plasma values for aldosterone, PRA, and cortisol found in 44 control animals were: aldosterone 3.8 +/- 0.3 ng/100 ml, PRA 1.9 +/- 0.2 ng AI-ml-1-h-1, and cortisol 54 +/- 4 ng/ml. It was concluded that normothermic marmots have a RAA system comparable to other mammalian species.
 ...
PMID:Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the normothermic marmot. 19 79

Prostaglandin E biosynthesis and its effect on water permeability were investigated in the toad urinary bladder. Arginine vasopressin (1 mU/ml) increased prostaglandin E (PGE) biosynthesis from 0.5+/-0.1 to 5.0+/-0.4 pmol/min per hemibladder (mean +/-SEM, n= 8, P less than 0.001). Maximal vasopressin-stimulated PGE biosynthesis, 6.4+/-0.2 pmol/min per hemibladder, occurred at vasopressin concentrations in excess of 3 mU/ml. Half-maximal stimulation of PGE biosynthesis occurred at a vasopressin concentration of approximately 0.7 mU/ml, whereas half-maximal stimulation of water flow occurred at a vasopressin concentration of approximately 5 mU/ml. Vasopressin-stimulated PGE biosynthesis did not depend on water flow along an osmotic gradient or upon sodium transport. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids released from hemibladders labeled with tritium-arachidonic acid revealed that vasopressin stimulates the release of arachidonic acid from intracellular lipid stores without affecting the percentage of free arachidonic acid converted to PGE. Neither cyclic AMP nor theophylline stimulated PGE biosynthesis although they mimic arginine vasopressin (AVP) in stimulating water permeability. Biosynthesis of PGE was inhibited by mepacrine, a phospholipase inhibitor, and by agents that inhibit arachidonic acid oxygenase. The inhibition of PGE biosynthesis resulted in augmented vasopressin- and theophylline-stimulated water flow, but had no effect on cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow. We interpret these results to mean that endogenous PGE inhibits basal and vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In contrast to the effects of AVP on permeability and transport, AVP stimulates PGE biosynthesis by a mechanism that does not depend on an increase in cellular cyclic AMP levels. The water permeability response of the toad urinary bladder to vasopressin is inhibited by PGE synthesized by the bladder in response to vasopressin.
 ...
PMID:Vasopressin-stimulated prostaglandin E biosynthesis in the toad urinary bladder. Effect of water flow. 19 20

Human osteosarcoma biopsies were studied with the SEM using sequential etching with sodium hypochlorite solutions after removal of aluminium or gold coatings. Osteosarcomas differ from normal hard tissues in that the matrix never proceeds to complete mineralization, so that the specimens fragment on hypochlorite treatment. Details of the fibrillar pattern and calcospheritic type of mineralization pattern can be seen in hypochlorite etched, fractured surfaces and mineralizing fronts.
 ...
PMID:Further observations on the relationship between the matrix and the calcifying fronts in osteosarcoma. 20 68


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>