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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-D-glucuronic acid (CMCS-g-D-GA) was prepared by grafting D-GA onto CMCS in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then the membranes were made from it. In this work, the bioactivity studies of CMCS-g-D-GA membranes were carried out and then characterized by SEM, CLSM, XRD and FT-IR. The CMCS-g-D-GA membranes were found to be bioactive. The adsorption of Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions onto CMCS-g-D-GA membranes has also been investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of CMCS-g-D-GA for Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ was found to be 57, 56.4 and 70.2 mg/g, respectively. Hence, these membranes were useful for tissue engineering, environmental and water purification applications.
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PMID:Bioactive and metal uptake studies of carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-D-glucuronic acid membranes for tissue engineering and environmental applications. 1940 15

Very long range surface-enhanced Raman scattering is observed from a nickel nanowire that is separated by 120 nm from a pair of gold nanodisks. The excitation of the surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) from the gold nanodisk pair generates an enhanced electromagnetic field near the nickel segment (SEM, left), leading to Raman intensity greater than the nickel alone (right).
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PMID:Surprisingly long-range surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on Au-Ni multisegmented nanowires. 1943 Nov 64

An analogue of heulandite was synthesized by using inorganic salts as a source for silicon and aluminum in the hydrothermal synthesis of the material. The resulting solid was modified by organofunctionalization with 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine and subsequent reaction with methylacrylate in a heterogeneous route. The original (HEU) and modified silicate (HEU(APPMA)) samples were characterized by textural analysis, SEM, and nuclear magnetic nuclei of (29)Si and (13)C. The chemically modified silicate sample showed modification of its physical-chemical properties including specific area 459.0-978.8 m(2) g(-1). The ability of this material to remove nickel(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II) from aqueous solutions was followed by a series of adsorption isotherms adjusted to a Sips equation. The quick adsorption process reached the equilibrium before 10, 15, and 20 min for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II), respectively, with maximum adsorptions at pH 4.0. Based on the capacity of adsorption of HEU(APPMA) to interact with metal ions, the following results were obtained 12.9, 9.8, and 7.5 mmol g(-1) for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II), respectively, reflecting a maximum adsorption order of Cu(II)>Ni(II)>Co(II). The energetic effects caused by metal cation adsorption were determined through calorimetric titrations.
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PMID:Designed pendant chain covalently bonded to analogue of heulandite for removal of divalent toxic metals from aqueous solution: thermodynamic and equilibrium study. 2155 30

Three additives were evaluated for their effectiveness in the attenuation of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ in contaminated sediments. Apatite, ferrihydrite and their composite were applied to the sediments. For the remediation, BCR, SEM/AVS and TCLP were adopted as the evaluating method and comparison of their results were used for the first time to test in-situ stabilization effect. The results showed that after 5 months composite treatment, more than 70% Pb2+, 40% Zn2+, 90% Cu2+, 50% Cd2+ and 80% Ni2+ was immobilized in oxidizable and residual phases, respectively. Compared to untreated sediment, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ in residual fraction increased 20%, 10%, 10%, 10% with composite treatment after 5 months, respectively. SigmaSEM/AVS ratio declined from 12.6 to 9.3, in addition, composite treatments reduced the leaching of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from 10.6 mg L(-1) and 42.5 mg L(-1) to 5.4 mg L(-1) and 24.1 mg L(-1) in the sediment by TCLP evaluation. Meanwhile, apatite and ferrihydrite composite additives lowered the bioavailability and toxicity of sediments as well. Ferrihydrite had a positive effect in controlling the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals because it effectively retarded the oxidation of AVS in sediment.
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PMID:In-situ stabilization of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the multi-contaminated sediments with ferrihydrite and apatite composite additives. 1956 75

The field emissive, electrical, magnetic, and structural characteristics of nickel (Ni) nanowires synthesized using the electrochemical deposition method with an alumina nanoporous template are reported. The synthesis and formation of Ni nanowires were confirmed by XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM experiments. Ferromagnetic hysteresis curves and the metallic temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics were observed for the Ni nanowire systems. The nanotip emitters of the field emission cells of the Ni nanowires after O(2) plasma treatment were easily patterned using the solution drop casting (SDC) method, in which the Ni nanowires were homogeneously dispersed in organic solvents, and then dropped and dried on an n-type doped Si substrate as the cathode. For the O(2) plasma treated Ni nanowires, we observed that the inhomogeneous oxidized layer on their surface was reduced, that the current density of the field emission cell increased from approximately 3.0 x 10(-9) to approximately 1.0 x 10(-3) A cm(-2) due to field emission, and that the lowest threshold electric field was approximately 4 V microm(-1). The field enhancement factor was estimated as approximately 1300 for the O(2) plasma treated Ni nanowires. The evolution of the field emission obtained from the phosphor screen was observed at different applied electric fields.
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PMID:Field emission characteristics of electrochemically synthesized nickel nanowires with oxygen plasma post-treatment. 1966 96

Carbon nanofibers were obtained by thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane at 700 degrees C over Ni and Ni-Cu catalysts prepared by different methods (co-precipitation, impregnation and fusion) and using either Al or Mg as textural promoter. Characterization of the carbon thus obtained was performed by N2 adsorption isotherms (BET surface area), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry, and electron microscopy SEM and TEM. The carbon obtained possesses high crystallinity and poor surface chemistry. The crystallinity is enhanced when using Mg as textural promoter and in the presence of copper. SEM and TEM examinations show that the fibers have fishbone structure and they grow generally from one nickel particle (tip growing) although there are some bidirectional growing. Copper-doping lead to the formation of thicker filaments and promotes the formation of bamboo-like structures. Catalyst particles higher than 100 nm do not promote the formation of nanofibers and the carbon deposits as uniform coatings.
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PMID:Characterization of carbon nanofibers grown over Ni and Ni-cu catalysts. 1991 25

Monolayer formation of SaOS-2 (human osteoblast-like cells) was observed on VACNT (vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes) scaffolds without purification or functionalization. The VACNT were produced by a microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition on titanium surfaces with nickel or iron as catalyst. Cell viability and morphology studies were evaluated by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release assay and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), respectively. The non-toxicity and the flat spreading with monolayer formation of the SaOs-2 on VACNT scaffolds surface indicate that they can be used for biomedical applications.
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PMID:Monolayer formation of human osteoblastic cells on vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds. 1994 17

Implants made of nickel free austenitic stainless steel can reduce the toxic effect of released nickel ion and compounds from the conventional stainless steels. On the other hand, hydroxyapatite is a ceramic which has been used in orthopaedic applications due to its good osteoconductivity, biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, there is no evidence in the literature up to now on producing composites based on nickel free stainless steel and hydroxyapatite and study of their tribology. The aim of this work was to produce novel biocomposites made up of nickel free stainless steel with hydroxyapatite (prepared by heat treating bone ash) and studying their tribology under various loads in air and in Ringer's physiological solution. Different amounts of hydroxyapatite powder (10, 20, 30 and 40% Vol.) were added to this nickel free stainless steel powder to get the biocomposites. Variation of their density, hardness, wear resistance and friction with the ceramic (hydroxyapatite) content and wear load were investigated in air and in Ringer's solution. The density of the composites was decreased by increasing the volume percentage of the hydroxyapatite, while wear resistance of the composites was increased. The wear mechanism of these composites was changed by increasing the wear load and consequently the volume loss was enhanced dramatically. Furthermore, by increasing the sliding distance, the rate of volume loss was decreased slightly. The friction coefficient of the composites was also decreased by increasing the weight percentage of hydroxyapatite. Effect of the physiological Ringer's solution on wear resistance and friction coefficient of the composites was nearly negligible. The wear mechanisms of the samples were identified by studying the SEM images of the worn surfaces of the tested samples in different wear loads and HA contents.
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PMID:Development of wear resistant NFSS-HA novel biocomposites and study of their tribological properties for orthopaedic applications. 2012 17

Gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium), an exudates tree gum from India was explored for its potential to decontaminate toxic metal ions in aqueous solution. The toxic metal ions nickel and total chromium biosorption capacity of the gum kondagogu were studied in the batch experimental mode. The optimum conditions of biosorption were determined by investigating pH, contact time, and initial metal ion and biosorbent concentrations. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of biosorption equilibrium and the data were analyzed on the basis of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum biosorption capacity of gum kondagogu as calculated by Langmuir model were found to be 50.5 mg g(-1) for nickel at pH 5.0+/-0.1 and 129.8 mg g(-1) for total chromium at pH 2.0+/-0.1, respectively. FTIR, SEM-EDXA and XPS analysis were used to evaluate the binding characteristics of gum kondagogu with metals. The experimental results demonstrate that the metal-ion interaction occurs through ion-exchange, adsorption and precipitation mechanisms.
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PMID:Biosorption of nickel and total chromium from aqueous solution by gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium): A carbohydrate biopolymer. 2020 50

Carbon nanotubes having large surface area is an interesting material to develop H2-Cl2 fuel cell electrodes. The attempts were made to deposit carbon nanotubes on porous substrates by chemical vapour deposition. Turpentine oil (C10H16) was used as a precursor, decomposed at 1100 degrees C reactor temperature. Nickel, platinum, tin, Ni-Pt, Ni-Sn, Pt-Sn, Ni-Pt-Sn catalysts were used to grow carbon nanotubes. Nickel was deposited with electrodeposition, platinum with sputter coater and tin with vacuum deposition technique. The developed electrodes were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and resistivity by van-der Pauw method. Carbon nanotubes have been formed for 0.25 N nickel deposited for 45 and 60 min; 0.5 N, 0.75 N and 1 N nickel deposited for 15 to 60 min, at the interval of 15. Ni-Pt, Ni-Sn, Pt-Sn and Ni-Pt-Sn activated carbon also shows the well grown CNTs. Aqueous H2-Cl2 fuel cell performance was tested with these grown carbon nanotubes. 40% KCl with 1067 mohm(-1) cm(-1) conductivity was used as electrolyte. Linear sweep voltametry shows reduction potential for hydrogen gas. Chronoamperometry results show better half cell performance for nickel, deposited with 1 N, 45 min deposition time period; and combination of Ni-Pt-Sn with 140, and 110-100 mA/cm2 stable current density respectively.
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PMID:Chemical vapor deposited carbon nanotubes for aqueous H2-Cl2 fuel cells. 2035 6


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