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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The husk of Lathyrus sativus (HLS) has been functionalized by introducing thio groups with the help of carbon disulphide treatment in alkaline environment. Elemental analysis indicates that sulphur content of the functionalized biomass increases to 3.7% from 0.36% of the pristine biomass suggesting the incorporation of thio group on HLS. A conspicuous change in the surface morphology of the biomass due to functionalization is depicted by SEM images. EDX data support the introduction of sulphur group on the HLS. The involvement of the hydroxyl groups mainly in the functionalization process is demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study. The adsorption capacity of the functionalized biomass with respect to cadmium and nickel is observed to increase by about 50% compared to that of pristine one. Similar to the case of unmodified HLS the adsorption process involving the functionalized one obeys Langmuir isotherm model and attains equilibrium in 10 min compared with 60 min in the case of unmodified biomass.
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PMID:Biosorption of cadmium and nickel by functionalized husk of Lathyrus sativus. 1799 83

This study was designed to determine if the alloy composition shares an influence with the geometric design on the physical behavior of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments. ProTaper, HERO, and K3 files were selected. After sterilized and cleaning with alcohol, surface analysis was performed using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Measurements were performed on the active part and on the shank. SEM images of fractured instruments were also obtained and assessed. All three types of instruments were composed mainly of Nickel (54.3%, SD +/- 0.8) and Titanium (45.2%, SD +/- 0.9). SEM images revealed similar aspect with the presence of Kirkendall voids regularly distributed in the alloy. The results indicate that the difference in properties and behavior of these three endodontic rotary shaping instruments is solely related to the respective geometric characteristics of the instrument design.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative elemental analysis of different nickel-titanium rotary instruments by using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. 1815 92

In this study, a novel porphyrin dye, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenyl-21H, 23H-porphine nickel (TPPN) doped TiO2 (TiO2/TPPN) thin film with visible light respondency was prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized with XRD, SEM, UV-Vis instruments. The observation showed that the absorption edge of TPPN dye-doped thin film shifted into the visible light region. The photocatalytic indigo carmine degradation results showed that under visible light irradiation (lambda > 400 nm) for 6 hrs, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film sensitized with 200 microM of TPPN dye showed the best performance, with an indigo degradation ratio up to 96%. Moreover, the TiO2/TPPN thin film showed a relevant photocatalytic bactericidal effect on Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 7 induced vegetable soft rot disease in the visible spectral region. Evidence for the photocatalytic disinfection technique against a plant pathogen under visible light irradiation will have potential for direct application in future control of plant diseases in irrigation water systems.
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PMID:Characteristics and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film sensitized with a porphyrin dye. 1857 11

Interleukin (IL)-1beta is present throughout the magnocellular neuroendocrine system and co-depletes with oxytocin and vasopressin from the neural lobe during salt-loading. To examine whether IL-1beta is released from the dendrites/soma of magnocellular neurones during osmotic stimulation, microdialysis adjacent to the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in conscious rats was combined with immunocapillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection to quantify cytokine in 5-min dialysates collected before (0-180 min; basal), and after (180-240 min), hypertonic saline injected s.c. (1.5 m NaCl). Osmotic release of IL-1beta was compared after inhibiting local voltage-gated channels for Na+ (tetrodotoxin) and Ca2+ (cadmium and nickel) or by reducing intracellular Ca2+ stores (thapsigargin). Immunohistochemistry combined with microdialysis was used to localise cytokine sources (IL-1beta+) and microglia (OX-42+). Under conditions of microdialysis, the basal release of IL-1beta+ in the SON area was measurable and stable (pg/ml; mean +/- SEM) from 0-60 min (2.2 +/- 0.06), 60-120 min (2.32 +/- 0.05) and 120-180 min (2.33 +/- 0.06), likely originating locally from activated microglia (OX42+; IL-1beta+; ameboid, hypertrophied) and magnocellular neurones expressing IL-1beta. In response to osmotic stimulation, IL-1beta increased progressively in dialysates of the SON area by a mechanism dependent on intracellular Ca2+ stores sensitive to thapsigargin and, similar to dendritic secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin, required local voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels for activation by osmoregulatory pathways from the forebrain. During osmotic stimulation, neurally dependent release of IL-1beta in the SON area likely upregulates osmosensitive cation currents on magnocellular neurones (observed in vitro by others), to facilitate dendritic release of neurohypophysial hormones.
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PMID:Interleukin-1beta release in the supraoptic nucleus area during osmotic stimulation requires neural function. 1875 52

The objective of this study isto develop a novel supported nano-NiO catalyst for tar removal in biomass gasification/pyrolysis, to significantly enhance the quality of the produced gases. For this purpose, the supported nano-NiO/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation (DP) method. Different analytical approaches such as XRD, BET, TEM and SEM/EDX were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts. The results showed thatthe prepared nano-NiO/gamma-Al2O3 catalysts had a coated structure with a loading of NiO in catalysts over 12 wt %, and they had also a higher BET surface area over commercial nickel based catalysts. The active components of catalyst were spherical NiO nanoparticles coated on the surface of supports with a size range of 12-18 nm. Furthermore, the activity of the catalysts to remove tar in the process of biomass pyrolysis was also investigated using a bench-scale combined fixed bed reactor. The experiments demonstrated that the tar yield after addition of the catalyst was reduced significantly; the tar removal efficiency reached to 99% for catalytic pyrolysis at 800 degrees C, and the gas yield after addition of the catalyst increased markedly. The compositions of gas products before and after addition of the catalyst in the process also changed significantly. The percentages of CO2 and CH4 in the product gas after addition of the catalysts were obviously reduced, while those of the valuable H2 and CO strongly increased. Therefore, using the prepared NiO/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst in biomass gasification/pyrolysis can significantly improve the quality of the produced gas and meanwhile efficiently eliminate the tar generation.
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PMID:Development of nano-niO/Al2O3 catalyst to be used for tar removal in biomass gasification. 1876 91

Alginate/phosphorylated chitin (P-chitin) blend films were prepared by mixing of 2% of alginate and P-chitin in water and then cross-linked with 4% CaCl2 solution. The blended films were characterized by FT-IR. Then, the bioactivity of blend films was studied by biomimetic method in simulated body fluid solution (SBF) for 7, 14 and 21 days. After 7, 14 and 21 days and films were characterized by FT-IR and SEM studies. The SEM and FT-IR studies showed that the hydroxyapatite was formed on the surface of the blend films after 7, 14 and 21 days in the SBF solution. These studies confirmed that the alginate/P-chitin blend films are bioactive. Furthermore, the adsorption of Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ onto alginate/P-chitin blend films has been investigated. The parameters studied include the pH, contact time, and initial metal ion concentrations. The maximum adsorption capacity of alginate/P-chitin blend films for Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ at pH 5.0 was found to be 5.67, 2.85 and 11.7 mg/g, respectively. These results suggest that alginate/P-chitin blend films-based technologies may be developed for water purification and metal ions separation and enrichment.
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PMID:Preparation, characterization, bioactive and metal uptake studies of alginate/phosphorylated chitin blend films. 1902 79

NiFeCO(3) hydrotalcites with Ni/Fe molar ratio of 3 were synthesized by co-precipitation method at constant pH, followed by hydrothermal treatment at various temperatures 85-180 degrees C for 3-360h. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and TEM microscopy, TGA and BET techniques. The resulting materials were found to be similar to the hydrotalcite with a well-defined hexagonal morphology of crystallites. The hydrothermal treatment and aging time increases the platelet sizes and decreases the surface area. XRD analysis showed the formation of sharper and intense peaks, which might indicate the larger crystallites size of LDH as well as higher crystallinity. Furthermore, textural studies revealed influence of aging time and temperature on the properties of the crystalline phase. The prolonged time tends to form additional products, identified as NiFe(2)O(4) spinel and NiO nickel oxide. The effect of hydrothermal treatment temperature on the kinetics of dye removal has been explored. It was found that the percentage color removal increases with increasing hydrothermal treatment temperature up to 140 degrees C and aging time up to 4 days. Furthermore, the color removal decreases with increasing hydrothermal treatment temperature up to 140-180 degrees C and prolonged aging time.
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PMID:Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (LDH): textural properties upon hydrothermal treatments and application on dye sorption. 1915 31

In this study, various sized and shaped titanates were prepared using rutile phase TiO2 nano-powders in strong basic solution of NaOH having various metallic ions as chlorides by hydrothermal process. Obtained powders were fully characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and BET. The XRD results show that all obtained powders have layered structure. However, the shapes of particles doped with Zr4+ and Li+ show nano-belt and nano-plate, respectively, compared to those with nano-tubes of undoped, Ni2+ and Fe3+ doped. These results suggest that particle shape of titanates can be controlled only by small amount of doping elements in NaOH aqueous solutions.
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PMID:Understanding for controls of particle shape of various titanates with layered structure. 1919 11

Series nickel catalysts Ni/MgO(x)/CaO(1-)(x) (x=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, Ni: 5 wt%) were prepared and tested in fixed-bed reactor for biomass tar steam reforming, toluene as tar destruction model compound. Different ratios of MgO and CaO were mixed to simulate dolomite as Ni support. Two preparation methods: solid mixing with (SMW) and without water (SM) were used, the preparation methods and concentration of MgO had an important influence on toluene conversion and products. Catalysts prepared by SM method exhibited higher performance on toluene conversion, resulted in higher H(2) yield, and also, higher CO(2) and lower CO selectivity with higher temperature. For the same preparation method, higher concentration of MgO resulted in higher toluene conversion, and also influence on CO, CO(2) selectivity, but no obvious influence on the H(2) yield. Catalysts were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM.
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PMID:Steam reforming of biomass tar producing H2-rich gases over Ni/MgOx/CaO1-x catalyst. 1936 62

Palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel (Pd/PPy/foam-Ni) composite electrode were prepared by the electrodeposition method with the electrodepositing current density of 5 mA x cm(-2) and the electrodepositing time of 40 min. Electrochemical reductive dechlorination of chloroform in acidic system was investigated using the Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode at ambient temperature. The electrochemical deposition behaviors of Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode were studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Cyclic voltammetry results reveal that the large hydrogen adsorption peak current of -100 mA on Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode was obtained at about -500 mV (vs Hg/Hg2 SO4). SEM micrographs show that the addition of polymeric pyrrole changed the distributing configuration of Pd microparticles on the electrode and Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode possessed a good spatial extension. Chloroform dechlorination experimentes were conducted in acid system. Dechlorination experimental results indicate that, with the integrated analysis of removal efficiency and current efficiency, with the high current efficiency of 44.17%, the removal efficiency of chloroform on Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode was 49.23%, under the optimum conditions of the dechlorination current density of 0.05 mA x cm(-2) and the dechlorination time of 180 min. In acid aqueous solution, with low initial concentration of chloroform, the results of dechlorination experiment were preferable.
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PMID:[Electrochemically reductive dechlorination of chloroform by palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel composite electrode in acidic system]. 1940 95


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