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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic inflammation in such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis has been associated with the accumulation of iron in mononuclear phagocytes. Cigarette smoking, which also produces chronic pulmonary inflammation, may be associated with iron accumulation in alveolar macrophages (AM). We have examined the total iron content in human AM and found it to be 43.0 +/- 7.7 (mean +/- SEM) and 12.8 +/- 1.3 nmol/1 X 10(6) cells (P less than 0.01) from smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. Because the higher iron content in smokers' macrophages may reflect increased internalization, the binding and uptake of iron-saturated transferrin was examined in cells from smokers and nonsmokers. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups. The smoking-related alteration in iron content may instead reflect differences in the fate of internalized iron. Iron internalized by AM as iron 59 initially bound to transferrin was distributed to a cytoplasmic, largely ferritin-associated, pool more slowly in smokers than in nonsmokers, during a 24-hour incubation in vitro. Significantly less newly internalized iron was returned to the culture medium by AM from smokers, which by 24 hours had released 11.0% +/- 3.7% of the initially internalized 59Fe compared with 36.0% +/- 2.3% for nonsmokers (P less than 0.01). The increased accumulation of iron by AM in the alveolar space of smokers may modulate hydroxyl radical production in the microenvironment of these cells.
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PMID:Iron binding, internalization, and fate in human alveolar macrophages. 378 29

When uptake of L-[14C]ascorbic acid ([14C]AA) to various organs in guinea-pigs was studied after intracardiac injection, the adenohypophysis, pars intermedia, and the neurohypophysis had an uptake per milligramme protein which was about half of the uptake to the adrenals. Adrenal uptake was 20 +/- 2.8 pmol mg-1 protein microCi-1 injected. The uptake to the different parts of the hypophysis was considerably higher than the uptake to pancreas, liver, kidney, spleen and other organs. When isolated nerve endings (neurosecretosomes) from ox neurohypophyses were incubated with a medium containing labelled dehydroascorbic acid ([14C]DHA), the uptake was much slower than when the medium contained labelled ascorbic acid. The uptake of [14C]DHA showed a linear dependence on concentration, and was not influenced by addition of Mg2+ and ATP. Addition of Mg2+ + ATP, omission of Ca2+ and Mg2+ or exchange of Na+ in the medium with K+ had no effect on the uptake of ascorbic acid. When isolated secretory granules from ox neurohypophyses were incubated with a medium containing [14C]DHA, uptake was considerably faster than the uptake when they were incubated in a medium containing [14C]AA. The uptake of dehydroascorbic acid was linear with the concentration in the medium and was not changed by addition of Mg2+ ATP. Addition of 10 mM NH4Cl or exchange of 120 mM K+ in the incubation medium with Na+ did not change the uptake of dehydroascorbic acid. The contents of copper, zinc, iron and cobalt were determined in isolated nerve endings (A) and membranes (B) as well as in lysate (C) from isolated neurosecretory granules. The results (in nmol mg-1 protein) were for Cu: (A): 0.25 +/- 0.01 (SEM), (B): 0.67 +/- 0.16, (C): 0.22 +/- 0.06; for Zn: (A): 0.53 +/- 0.13, (B): 6.97 +/- 0.75, (C): 1.8 +/- 0.53; and for Fe: (A): 15.6 +/- 1.9, (B): 6.92 +/- 0.32, (C): 3.15 +/- 0.43. In all preparations the cobalt content was below the detection limit (less than 5 pmol mg-1 protein).
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PMID:Uptake of dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid to isolated nerve terminals and secretory granules from ox neurohypophyses. 381 87

One hundred twenty-four relatives (aged 17-52 years) of 35 children with severe transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia major were investigated for their beta thalassemia carrier status (determined by Hb-A2 level) and iron status (determined by serum ferritin level). Forty-eight males had beta thalassemia trait (BTT) and 18 males did not have BTT (control); 41 females had BTT and 17 females did not have BTT (control). Serum ferritin levels (mean +/- SEM) of male BTT, male control, female BTT, and female control groups were 151.0 +/- 27.4, 59.6 +/- 16.3, 120.6 +/- 36.6, and 17.2 +/- 6.1 mcg/liter respectively; the differences between the two male and the two female groups were statistically significant (p = .05 and p less than .001). Iron deficiency (serum ferritin below 10.0 mcg/liter) was present in 6.3%, 38.9%, 24.4%, and 58.8% of male BTT, male control Female BTT, and female control groups, respectively; the differences between the two male and two female groups were statistically significant (p less than .01 and p less than .01). Serum ferritin was over 1,000 mcg/liter in four individuals with BTT (2 male and 2 female). Thus, the BTT group had better iron nutrition. This may suggest that the BTT group has an advantage in maintaining iron balance.
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PMID:Iron status of beta thalassemia carriers. 381 67

In six anuric haemodialysed patients, aluminium and iron mass transfer were determined 48 hours after 40 and 80mg/kg body weight desferrioxamine intravenous infusion. All patients were aluminium overloaded (mean +/- SEM: 2.91 +/- 1.05 mumol/g wet tissue bone) and two had high plasma ferritin. Haemodialysis and haemofiltration were performed using a highly permeable membrane. The adequate dose of desferrioxamine for aluminium removal is 40mg/kg, since aluminium mass transfer induced by haemodialysis and haemofiltration (47.4 and 40 mumol/session) are not significantly different from that obtained with 80mg/kg. Iron removal is dose related in high plasma ferritin concentration patients: 50 and 100 mumol/session with haemodialysis and 29 and 175 mumol/session with haemofiltration after 40 and 80mg/kg body weight respectively.
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PMID:Concomitant removal of aluminium and iron by haemodialysis and haemofiltration after desferrioxamine intravenous infusion. 399 42

Hypertrophic scars contain highly pleomorphic cells, including many from the erythrocytic series which have been extravasated. The conventional visual mode of SEM cannot distinguish the cell types with certainty except in the case of typical biconcave disc-shaped erythrocytes. Microprobe elemental analysis might be used to differentiate one type from another on the basis of iron and possibly phosphorus (for nucleated cells). Using coated specimens (gold or gold-palladium) precludes simultaneous visual mode SEM with EDX because of energy line interference with phosphorus and other elements. However, wave-length dispersive analysis offers minimal or no interference, and a coated specimen offers the use of a simultaneous visual mode. We wished to determine if useful elemental data could be obtained from specimens previously prepared only with the purpose of SEM mode studies. Therefore they were not prepared according to contemporary optimal methods. Analysis demonstrates that one group of cells contains 45% or more (dry weight concentration, absolute) iron as opposed to markedly low values in other cell types. Values for phosphorus do not appear essentially different among the cell types except in the case of standard erythrocytes where it is very low. Calcium and sulfur content was also examined. Sulfur might be useful in identifying another cell type in the hypertrophic scar. Using cells and matrix in developing deer antler for control values, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus found in the mineralizing matrix was essentially the predicted value. It is concluded, therefore, that even with a substantially heavy coating of gold, values for the elements tested (Fe, P, Ca, S) are not seriously compromised.
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PMID:Wave-length dispersive microprobe analysis of coated samples of bulk tissues. 400 55

Children two to nine years old from an area of holoendemic malaria in northern Liberia had mean HbA2 and haematocrit values significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than others from a neighbouring town where malaria is hypoendemic. After regular administration of chloroquine over two years to 38 children living in a holoendemic village, their mean HbA2 rose from 2.1%, SE +/- 0.04, to 2.6%, SE +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.001) and their mean haematocrit from 0.348, SEM +/- 0.004, to 0.382, SE +/- 0.004 (P less than 0.001), values similar to those of children from the neighbouring town. In another village where chloroquine was not given regularly, mean HbA2, haematocrit and malariometric indices were little changed at the end of the two-year period. We conclude that persistent malarial parasitaemia was the main factor in the relatively low values of the village children. Although it is not clear how malaria depresses HbA, the findings were consistent with the hypothesis that chronic malaria induces iron-deficiency.
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PMID:The effect of persistent malarial infections on haemoglobin A2 levels in Liberian children. 400 95

Iron retention from 3 g wholewheat flour was measured in male Wistar rats previously given one high-Fe or control diet meal 12, 24, 36, 48 or 60 h before the test meal (Expt 1). The control diet was given at all other times. The procedure was then repeated in rats given one high- or low-Fe meal 12, 24, 36 or 48 h before the test meal (Expt 2). There was a significant difference between groups given a high- or medium-Fe meal at 12, 24, 36 h (P less than 0.001) and 48 h (P less than 0.05) but not at 60 h. In the second experiment, there was a significant difference between groups given a high- or low-Fe meal at 12, 24 or 36 h but no difference when given the two diets 48 h before the test meal. The high-Fe meal depressed and the low-Fe meal enhanced subsequent 59Fe retention: the effects were greatest at 12 h and diminished as the time interval between the high- or low-Fe meal and the test meal increased. The estimated mean time for the absorptive capacity of the mucosal cells to return to equilibrium was 54.0 (SEM 7.6) h. Male Wistar rats were given high-, control or low-Fe diets for either 3 d or 28 d before an in vivo investigation in which the luminal loss of 59Fe-labelled ferric citrate from duodenal and ileal loops was measured, and the proportional distribution between the carcass and the washed loop measured (Expt 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Further studies in rats on the influence of previous iron intake on the estimation of bioavailability of Fe. 406 17

This study was conducted in order to assess the nutritional status of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, carotene, retinol, ascorbic acid, plasma iron, hemoglobin and plasma albumin of the elderly living in two cooperative farms (Kibbutzim), in Israel. Blood samples from elderly subjects aged 60 to 85 (33 women, 26 men), were collected for analysis. Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status were assessed by using enzymatic activation coefficient. Transketolase was used for determining thiamin status, glutathione reductase for determining riboflavin status and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase for pyridoxine status. Transketolase activation coefficient ranged from 1.05-1.59 with a mean 1.18 and SEM 0.02, glutathione reductase coefficient ranged from 1.08-1.50 with a mean 1.25 and SEM 0.07 and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activation coefficient ranged from 1.71-2.15 with a mean 1.83 and SEM 0.06. Deficient levels were found in the following: Leucocyte ascorbic acid 5% of the population, hemoglobin 18%, plasma iron 20%, carotene 32% and plasma retinol 20%, thiamin 14% and riboflavin 32%. No deficient state was found in pyridoxine.
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PMID:Nutritional status in elderly population in kibbutzim. 407 7

The first half of this manuscript is devoted to a review of the methods used and the results obtained in the published measurements of the normal responses to tests of the three main types of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity in man. These are, I, basal, unstressed activity leading to appropriate levels of total daily production of cortisol in the characteristic circadian pattern; II, responses to feedback stimulation of HPA activity by metyrapone administration; and III, responses to tests of the effects of stress on the HPA system including the effects of hypoglycemia, induced fever, vasopressin administration, and ACTH injections and infusions. The advantages and shortcomings of each type of procedure are discussed. The second half of this paper describes the authors' attempts to establish the limits of normality of standard and modified methods of evaluating the HPA system. The defined limits of normality have been used to assess the HPA function in 158 patients with known or suspected disorders of the HPA system. In normal controls, halfhourly plasma cortisol determinations established the normality of circadian and postprandial fluctuations and of mean plasma cortisol concentration, 6.2 +/- 0.3 (SEM) micrograms/dl, which were closely approximated by determinations every 6 h. Metyrapone, given in a dose of 500 mg every 2 h for 24 h increased urinary 17-OHCS excretion to 10.5-32.6 mg/day or to 1.7-7.8 times basal excretion rate. Increasing rates of insulin infusion disclosed significant relationships between resulting plasma glucose and cortisol concentrations. The slopes of the delta cortisol/delta glucose responses were similar after insulin infusions (0.46 +/- 0.05) and after insulin injections, 0.15 U/kg (0.43 +/- 0.09), and were always greater than 0.20 micrograms/mg. This index provides a useful objective measure of the normality of responses to hypoglycemic stress, 0.20-0.87 micrograms/mg. Adrenocortical responses to iv infusions of ACTH (cosyntropin 0.25 mg) may be equivocal at 2 h but are clear cut at 4, 6 and 8 h. Of 158 patients in whom hypopituitarism was known or suspected because of the presence of a pituitary tumor, acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, or clinical features, HPA function was found to be entirely normal in 88 patients and partially or severely abnormal in the remaining 70 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Normal and abnormal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in man. 608 18

Fluid shear force may deform point-attached erythrocytes to become droplike shaped and anchored by a single long or 2-4 short tethers. By addition of glutaraldehyde to the medium the cells were fixed such as to stabilize this deformation for ensuing SEM, freeze-fracture, fine structural, and ultrahistochemical studies. Freeze-fracture specimens revealed identical numbers and distribution patterns of membrane particles in both the membrane of tethers and of the droplike portions of red cells. Segregated vesicles most often were located adjacent to the attachment site of the tether. All of the vesicles were devoid of membrane particles. Irrespective of their length, the tethers were about 0.1 micrometer in diameter. Cross-sections of the tether membrane and the plasmalemma of the major part of the cell appeared identical. Ultrahistochemical studies revealed the same intensity of iron binding capacity and affinity to ferritin labelled anti AHP at either area of the deformed erythrocyte membrane. Segregating vesicles were also stained by colloidal iron and by fer-anti AHP. By means of the DAB-reaction no haemoglobin was demonstrated within the vesicles. All of these findings corroborate the notion, that lipid molecules were segregated from the membrane whose curvature increased considerably during the formation of the tether.
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PMID:Lipid segregation from human erythrocyte tethers. 616 75


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