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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothesizing that any effect of an increased serum iron and transferrin saturation on the risk of bacterial infection would be particularly important in immunosuppressed patients, we reexamined the effect of hyperferremia on bacterial growth in vitro and studied the pattern and prevalence of hyperferremia in patients receiving treatment for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Growth of inocula of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was significantly greater (1.3- to 5.8-fold) in fresh or heat-inactivated sera obtained from 10 healthy volunteers 3 hours after oral ingestion of ferrous sulfate (mean +/- SEM transferrin saturation 95% +/- 3%) than before (transferrin saturation 34% +/- 10%). Similarly, in heat-inactivated serum samples obtained from six patients with various malignancies, growth of E. coli was significantly greater (2.3- to 5.5-fold) with the elevated transferrin saturation (97% +/- 3%) present 1 to 7 days after receiving chemotherapy than with the normal transferrin saturation (33% +/- 9%) present before. In a prospective evaluation of serial serum iron studies in 12 patients receiving treatment for ANLL, five patients had normal serum iron concentrations initially, but in each patient the transferrin saturation was elevated after receiving chemotherapy, usually to greater than 90% for greater than 15 days in conjunction with prolonged, profound granulocytopenia and fever.
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PMID:Hyperferremia in immunosuppressed patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and the risk of infection. 353 24

A proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in rats pre-immunized with rabbit IgG by injecting intravenously a sub-nephrotoxic dose of rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) IgG (A rats). Most rats (80%) developed a severe proteinuria (greater than 100 mg/24 hr) within two to five days after the injection of anti-GBM IgG. At the same time, microscopic examination of the kidneys revealed a glomerular infiltration by mononuclear phagocytes and a prominent decrease in the intensity of the colloidal iron reaction in glomeruli. A non-proliferative glomerular disease was induced in another group of rats (B rats) by intraperitoneal administration of aminonucleoside of puromycin. A marked proteinuria (greater than 100 mg/24 hr) occurred after six days in 90% of animals. Histochemical studies then revealed a decrease in staining intensity of glomeruli for polyanion. No glomerular hypercellularity was noted. In normal rats and in non-proteinuric A or B rats, the 24 hour urinary excretion of neutral proteinases ranged from 1.4 to 7.8 units (mean value +/- SEM, 4.69 +/- 0.60, N = 11), that of laminin ranged from 100 to 3,900 ng (mean value +/- SEM, 1,154 +/- 325, N = 10), and that of type IV collagen ranged from 160 to 420 ng (mean value +/- SEM, 306 +/- 26.5 ng, N = 8). In proteinuric rats from groups A (N = 11) and B (N = 9), the 24 hour urinary excretion of neutral proteinases significantly increased (mean values +/- SEM, 38.55 +/- 8.66 U for A rats and 42.17 +/- 7.92 U for B rats) and ran parallely with that of proteins, laminin and type IV collagen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary excretion of neutral proteinases in nephrotic rats with a glomerular disease. 355 Feb 15

Commercial oral iron preparations (drops) containing trivalent iron either as a citrate (C) or hydroxide-polymaltose complex (HP) were labelled with 59Fe in the thermal neutron flux of a research reactor. No measurable differences were observed between the original commercial preparation and the neutron-activated samples. In an intraindividual comparison oral doses of 100 mg 59Fe were administered as an aqueous 59Fe(II)-ascorbate solution (= reference), C (-59Fe) and HP (-59Fe) to starved subjects with normal and depleted iron stores. Two weeks later the whole body retention of absorbed 59Fe was measured and used for the calculation of 59Fe-absorption. Subjects with normal Fe-stores absorbed means a +/- SEM +/- SD = 8.53 +/- 0.29 +/- 1.2% of the 59Fe from the aqueous 59Fe(II)-ascorbate solution, 1.58 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.49 of the C-59Fe and 0.81 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.27% of the HP-59Fe. Subjects with depleted Fe-stores absorbed means a +/- SD = 17 +/- 3% of the 59Fe from the aqueous 59Fe(II)-ascorbate solution and only 2.4 +/- 1% from the HP-59Fe. The relative bioavailabilities were reduced from 100% (reference = Fe(II)-ascorbate) to 19% for the C-Fe and to 9.5% for the HP-Fe in subjects with normal Fe-stores. In subjects with depleted iron stores the relative bioavailability was decreased from 100 to 14% for the HP-Fe. Oral iron preparations with a relative bioavailability less than 10% or less than 30% are considered to be therapeutically ineffective or insufficient, respectively.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption of 59Fe from neutron-activated commercial oral iron(III)-citrate and iron(III)-hydroxide-polymaltose complexes in man. 356 63

Plant foods were digested in vitro and the proportion of iron which diffused across a semi-permeable membrane was used as an index of Fe availability. The mean (with SEM) Fe diffusibility from a group of eighteen cereals, legumes and nuts was very low, 2.1 (0.25)%, whereas from a group of sixteen fruits and vegetables it was high, 31.7 (1.09)%. The difference between the two food groups was highly significant (P less than 0.001). The results for Fe diffusibility correlated well with literature values for the in vivo absorption of Fe from similar foods (r0.84, P less than 0.01). When phytate, citrate and ascorbate were added to selected foods in amounts corresponding to endogenous levels, only phytate and citrate gave the expected effects on Fe diffusibility. Ascorbate only enhanced Fe diffusibility to the expected extent when it was added in much larger amounts, not normally found in foods. When added to cereal foods, orange juice was found to enhance greatly Fe diffusibility even when its content of ascorbate was completely destroyed by boiling followed by prolonged storage. When citrate and ascorbate were added to cereal foods in amounts equivalent to those found in fresh orange juice, both enhanced Fe diffusibility but citrate was far more effective. It is concluded that phytate is a major inhibitor of Fe diffusibility in cereals, legumes and nuts. However, citrate rather than ascorbate would appear to be the major enhancer of Fe diffusibility from many fruits and vegetables. The implications of the present results are discussed in relation to the relative influence of phytate, citrate and ascorbate on dietary Fe availability.
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PMID:In vitro estimation of iron availability from a range of plant foods: influence of phytate, ascorbate and citrate. 356 34

Among 37 patients who underwent total gastrectomy for nonmalignant disease, operative mortality was 4 per cent after 27 elective operations and 10 per cent after 10 emergency operations. Three other patients died 1 to 6 months after operation. Major postoperative complications occurred in 24 per cent. Long-term follow-up of 26 patients (81 per cent of survivors) after a mean +/- SEM of 8.4 +/- 1.1 years showed that 73 per cent of patients had no or only occasional, easily controlled, mild abdominal symptoms and good enough health to enable them to work or carry out normal activities for their age. The patients lost a mean of 15 per cent of their body weight, however, and about one third of them had weakness and diarrhea. A quarter of them had anemia despite iron and vitamin B12 therapy. Our conclusion was that total gastrectomy is a reasonable operation for benign diseases. Nonetheless, in view of the substantial postoperative mortality and morbidity, the operation should be used only when less extensive operations will not suffice.
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PMID:Total gastrectomy for benign disease. 358 2

The acute effects of iron therapy on zinc status during pregnancy were investigated. The 20 subjects studied were healthy and had unremarkable obstetric histories. The mean stage of gestation was 27 weeks (range 21-33 weeks). Initial hematologic indices (mean +/- SEM) were: hematocrit 36.5 +/- 0.4%, serum ferritin 32.6 +/- 6.1 ng/mL, and serum iron 117 +/- 13 micrograms/dL. Iron therapy, prescribed by the obstetric caregivers, provided a total average daily elemental iron intake of 261 mg (range 164-395 mg) from therapy and routine supplements. Laboratory studies of zinc status were obtained immediately before iron therapy and at one and four weeks thereafter. Initial plasma zinc was 62.9 +/- 2.1 micrograms/dL. A mean decline in plasma zinc of 4.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dL (P less than .05) was observed from baseline to one week. The decline remained statistically significant after adjustment for the expected physiologic decline over the same interval of gestation. No further decline occurred from one to four weeks. No significant treatment-related effects were observed for neutrophil zinc, mononuclear leukocyte zinc, or serum alkaline phosphatase activity. These results indicate that iron therapy in doses typically prescribed by obstetric caregivers in this country has an acute, measurable effect on maternal zinc status.
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PMID:Acute effects of iron therapy on zinc status during pregnancy. 362 28

Zinc and iron status have been measured in three groups of polycythaemic patients managed by venesection: polycythaemia rubra vera, secondary polycythaemia and idiopathic erythrocytosis. Zinc status was assessed from the concentration of zinc in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and plasma. The mean PMN zinc value was lower than that of age-matched controls (polycythaemics 57.5 +/- 2.3 micrograms/10(10) PMN, n = 26; controls 68.9 +/- 5.2 micrograms/10(10) PMN, n = 9; means +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). The difference was most marked in polycythaemia rubra vera; the patients were iron-deficient. The reduced PMN zinc levels may indicate that polycythaemic patients managed by repeated venesection are zinc-deficient. This may contribute to some nonspecific symptoms of polycythaemia and to recurrent infections in the hypoxic patients.
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PMID:Zinc status in polycythaemia. 365 65

1. Iron absorption from 10 mg Fe (as ferrous sulphate), labelled with 1.3 mg 58Fe, was measured in fasting, non-anaemic adult subjects by the faecal-balance technique. The measurement was performed twice, each subject being given, in random order, either 50 mg Fe or a placebo 18 h before the 58Fe-labelled FeSO4. 2. The 50 mg Fe load significantly reduced Fe absorption the following day (P less than 0.01), from a mean of 35.4 (SEM 4.6)% to 29.0 (SEM 5.1)%. This points to the importance of strict dietary control during Fe-absorption studies to eliminate bias in results. 3. In a separate study, the feasibility of using 58Fe-enrichment of erythrocytes, measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA), 10 d after a meal labelled with 0.69 mg 58Fe as an index of Fe absorption was examined. The levels of 58Fe in the blood were detectable by NAA. Regression analysis showed a significant relation between 58Fe-enrichment of blood and 58Fe absorption, calculated as the difference between intake and faecal excretion (R 0.59, P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Studies on iron availability in man, using stable isotope techniques. 367 58

Inflated frozen mouse lungs were examined using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) following bulk fracture under vacuum. Various aspects of pulmonary architecture were identified and correlated with structures revealed by SEM following conventional fixation and preparation techniques. Surface etching of selected samples was performed by radiant heating, revealing characteristic cytoplasmic, nuclear and extracellular lattice patterns resulting from ice crystal formation during freezing. These patterns aided in distinguishing between intra- and extracellular spaces. Pulmonary fluids such as mucus and surfactant were identified. Iron oxide particles were introduced into the lungs of some animals by intratracheal instillation and were subsequently identified in frozen-hydrated lung tissue using characteristic X-ray identification and mapping techniques. Particles were observed both intra-and extracellularly and were commonly found in large deposits. These observations confirm the utility of LTSEM techniques for examination of particles within pulmonary tissue. Particle exposure by intratracheal instillation was found to result in a non-uniform distributional pattern.
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PMID:Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of particle-exposed mouse lung. 368 61

The effects of dietary carbohydrate and ascorbic acid on the development of copper deficiency were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were fed one of eight diets in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design for 21 d. These diets varied in copper (1.11 or 8.96 micrograms Cu/g diet), carbohydrate (sucrose or cornstarch, 62.3%) and ascorbic acid (0 or 1%). Compared to controls, copper-deficient rats had lower hematocrit and ceruloplasmin levels, lower levels of copper and iron in several tissues, higher heart weights and lower spleen weights. During copper deficiency, liver iron levels were higher than control levels when cornstarch, but not sucrose, was the carbohydrate source, while liver and gastrointestinal tract weights were higher with sucrose compared to cornstarch. Copper-deficient rats fed ascorbic acid had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower hematocrits when fed sucrose compared to starch [29.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 36.8 +/- 1.2 g/dl (mean +/- SEM), respectively]. In copper-deficient rats, sucrose tended to lower the apparent absorption of copper compared to cornstarch, while ascorbic acid reduced the apparent absorption of iron. Thus, sucrose and ascorbic acid appeared to reduce hematocrit levels through effects on mineral absorption.
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PMID:Interaction of dietary carbohydrate, ascorbic acid and copper with the development of copper deficiency in rats. 370 58


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