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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adding 36 g of wheat fiber for 3 weeks to the metabolically controlled diets of six subjects produced a significant increase in daily fecal weight from 70.8 g +/- 6.2 SEM to 217 g +/- 12.1; serum iron also fell by 21 micrograms/100 ml +/- 2.1 SEM (P less than 0.001) during the added fiber period (measured in five subjects) as did mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fecal neutral steroid concentration (measured in four subjects) fell from 31 to 17.3 mg/g dry weight (P less than 0.05) but the change in neutral steroid output and in acid steroid concentration and output was not significant. No change was seen in the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride.
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PMID:Effect of wheat fiber on blood lipids, fecal steroid excretion and serum iron. 23 25

Changes in haemoglobin (Hb), work performance, heart rate and postexercise blood lactate were studied in iron deficient, anaemic subjects for 16 d following total dosage infusion of iron dextran, i.v. (30-50 ml). Six adult men and 14 women were subjects with initial Hb levels of 6.6 +/- 0.6 g/dl (mean +/- SEM) for the iron treatment group (n=10) and 8.0 +/- 0.7 for the placebo group (saline infusion, n=10). Serum levels were 0.51 +/- 0.15 and 0.67 +/- 0.12 mg/l for the two groups, respectively. Haemoglobin and maximal work time increased significantly within 4 d after iron treatment and continued to increase up to 16 d. No changes were found in the placebo subjects. Heart rates at a given exercise intensity were lower in the iron treatment group than in control subjects who had the same Hb levels but had not been treated with iron. Post-exercise venous blood lactate was similar on succeeding days after iron treatment even though the subjects reached higher work loads. These results demonstrate the treatment of iron deficient, anaemic subjects with iron dextran results in improved work capacity within 4 d and a lower heart rate at a given work load after treatment which cannot be accounted for totally by the elevation of Hb concentration.
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PMID:Work capacity, heart rate and blood lactate responses to iron treatment. 42 41

Vitamin C status was studied, by means of leucocyte ascorbic acid concentrations, in 67 cases of idiopathic hemochromatosis subdivided into 44 untreated and 25 treated cases (2 patients belonging to both subgroups) and compared to 31 normal subjects and 37 alcoholic cirrhosis patients. The control groups exhibited the following mean levels (+/- SEM): 34.4 +/- 1.9 microgram/10(8) WBC in normals and 22.0 +/- 1.8 microgram/10(8) WBC in alcoholic cirrhosis. In idiopathic hemochromatosis the mean levels were: for the untreated group 19.5 +/- 1.7 microgram/10(8) WBC and for the treated group 34.3 +/- 2.3 microgram/10(8) WBC. These results (1) affirm an important vitamin C deficiency in the untreated disease; (2) suggest that iron overload is the main causal factor in view of the striking difference--to date unreported--between untreated and treated cases of idiopathic hemochromatosis. Besides its possible theoretical interests, this vitamin C deficiency is responsible in idiopathic hemochromatosis for a significant underestimation of the desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron excretion.
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PMID:Ascorbic acid status in idiopathic hemochromatosis. 71 Jul 34

Using serial metabolic balances, iron absorption was measured in six preterm infants (mean gestational age 29 weeks), and two fullterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants, between day 10 and 70 after birth. They were all fed breast milk. Iron supplements (2.5--13 mg/kg day) were given from day 30. Three preterm infants received blood transfusions for anemia. During the first 30 days of life iron balance was negative in the preterm infants (mean +/- SEM = -0.10 +/- 0.02 mg/kg day) and positive in the full term SGA infants (mean +/- SEM = 0.098 +/- 0.02 mg/kg day). In infants who were not tranfused, absorption of supplementary iron was a linear function of iron intake, and corresponded closely to 34% absorption. An iron intake of 5--6 mg/kg day resulted in the absorption of amounts of iron close to those being laid down in utero. Blood transfusion was followed by a reduction in iron absorption; in two cases it became negative, becoming positive again as the hemoglobin fell below about 12.0 g/100 ml. These data show that a mechanism exists in preterm infants for the control of iron absorption which does not operate at the hemoglobin concentrations that prevail in such infants, unless they are transfused.
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PMID:The effect of iron supplements and blood transfusion on iron absorption by low birthweight infants fed pasteurized human breast milk. 71 36

Erythrocyte (RBC) survival time as determined by in vivo 59Fe-labeled RBC in 6 adult sheep was 111.7 (SEM +/- 8.4) days. The plasma clearance (T/2) of 59Fe was 148 (+/- 17.3) minutes and the maximum RBC uptake of 59Fe was 52.4% (+/- 3.6%). Plasma iron turnover rate was 0.356 (+/- 0.016) mg/kg/24 hours, and RBC iron turnover rate was 0.186 (+/- 0.016) mg/kg/24 hours. Blood volume measurement was 53.5 (+/- 3.9) ml/kg of body weight.
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PMID:Use of 59Fe for sheep erythrocyte kinetic studies. 85 Dec 89

To determine whether the increased filtration of serum proteins after glomerular injury is the consequence of altered electrostatic properties of the glomerular capillary wall, we measured fractional clearances of the anionic polymer, dextran sulfate, in nine Munich-Wistar rats in the early autologous phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). In agreement with previous studied from this laboratory, whole kidney and single nephron glomerular filtration rates were normal in NSN rats despite histological evidence of glomerular injury, and despite a marked reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient to approximately one-third of normal. In the companion study (9), it was shown that in NSN rats the mean fractional clearances of neutral dextrans over the range of effective molecular radii from 18 to 42 A were reduced, compared to normla. In contrast, in the present study the mean fractional clearances for dextran sulfate over the same range of molecular radii were significantly greater than those found previously for normal Munich-Wistar rats. The fractional clearance of dextran sulfate molecules of the same molecular radius as serum albumin (approximately 36 A) was increased markedly, from 0.015 +/- 0.005 (SEM) in nonnephritic controls to 0.24 +/- 0.03 in NSN (P less than 0.001). The sialoprotein content of glomeruli, estimated by the colloidal iron reaction, was reduced in NSN rats as compared to normal controls. It is concluded that the abnormal filtration of anionic serum proteins, such as albumin, seen in glomerulopathies is, at least in part, the consequence of loss of fixed negative charges from the glomerular capillary wall.
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PMID:Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall. Studies of experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat using dextran sulfate. 126 72

The respiratory burst of neutrophils generates oxygen radicals that can result in lipid peroxidation and may contribute to acute lung injury in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because ceruloplasmin and transferrin are inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and may play a role in regulating tissue injury, antigen levels of ceruloplasmin and transferrin and ceruloplasmin oxidase levels were measured in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ARDS patients (n = 28), patients at risk for ARDS (n = 22), and normal control subjects (n = 45). Serum ceruloplasmin levels were similar in ARDS (mean +/- SEM) (3.8 +/- 0.3 microM) and at-risk (3.3 +/- 0.4 microM) patients compared with control subjects (3.2 +/- 0.2 microM). Serum transferrin levels were decreased in ARDS (14.9 +/- 1.7 microM) and at-risk (20.4 +/- 1.7 microM) patients compared with normal control subjects (32.9 +/- 1.2 microM), and serum transferrin levels correlated with serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC). Ceruloplasmin was detected in only one of 38 normal BALF samples (0.002 +/- 0.002 microM) and two of 13 at-risk BALF samples (0.15 +/- 0.1 microM), yet it was present in 17 of 23 ARDS BALF samples (0.9 +/- 0.2 microM). Transferrin was also increased in ARDS BALF (5.4 +/- 1.1 microM) compared with at-risk (0.7 +/- 0.5 microM) and normal (0.4 +/- 0.1 microM) samples. Ceruloplasmin that was present in the BALF and serum samples had functional oxidase activity, and purified human ceruloplasmin inhibited hydroxyl radical formation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels are altered in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. 131 27

Serum from homozygous hypotransferrinaemic mice (a mixed group of males and females, aged 6-8 wk) was found to contain low levels of iron (mean 0.9 +/- 0.5 microM (SEM, n = 4), as assayed by conventional serum iron assays. Similarly, low levels of non-transferrin-bound iron were determined with a nitrilotriacetate chelation assay (1.3 +/- 0.4 microM, n = 4) (Singh, S., Hider, R.C. and Porter, J.B. (1990) Analytical Biochemistry 186, 320-323). Mononuclear Fe (citrate) was undectable by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Significantly larger quantities of iron (16 +/- 5 microM, n = 8) were detected by the bleomycin assay (Gutteridge, J.M.C., Rowley, D.A. and Halliwell, B. (1981) Biochemical Journal 199, 263-265), while non-haem iron assay or atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed up to 96 microM iron. Haemoglobin iron was detectable at approximately 10 microM by spectrophotometry. Ferri-haem was undetectable by EPR spectroscopy. Serum ferritin levels of 641 +/- 128 micrograms/l (n = 14) in hypotransferrinaemic mice (wild-types 44 +/- 6 micrograms/l, n = 14) were observed and these cannot account for the non-transferrin-bound iron. Hypotransferrinaemic mouse serum therefore contains large quantities of non-transferrin-bound iron which is unreactive in some assays used to detect such iron in human iron overload. Fractionation by Sephadex G200 chromatography revealed three distinct species with apparent molecular weights of > or = 150 kDa, 40-80 kDa and 1-5 kDa. The iron may be distinguished from known extracellular iron proteins and haem-proteins by its availability to hot acid extractions.
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PMID:Non-transferrin-bound iron species in the serum of hypotransferrinaemic mice. 133 84

Iron is suggested to play an important role in free radical generation during ischemia reperfusion. In the present study, the protective action of 4 iron-chelating agents, with different iron affinities, against reperfusion injury was examined in Langendorff-perfused hearts of neonatal rabbits. The chelators and their iron-binding constants (log Km) were as follows: catechol (43), mimosine (36), deferoxamine (31) and kojic acid (27). Following cardiac arrest, the hearts were subjected to global ischemia for 45 min at 37 degrees C, and then reperfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution for 30 min. In control, the left ventricular developed pressures (LVDP) after 30 min reperfusion recovered to 50.5 %/- 3.0% (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) of the preischemic level. In the hearts treated with catechol (30 microM), mimosine (30 microM) or deferoxamine (30 microM), the LVDP recovery was significantly improved up to 84.9 +/- 1.3, 88.2 +/- 2.9 or 87.4 +/- 1.5%, respectively (p < 0.01 vs. control). Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) leakage during the initial 5 min of reperfusion was significantly decreased to about half of control in the hearts treated with catechol, mimosine, or deferoxamine. However, the treatment with kojic acid (30 microM) showed no improvement in the LVDP recovery and CPK leakage. Free radical generation was measured with an electron spin resonance using a spin-trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). The treatment with catechol, mimosine, or deferoxamine reduced the maximum intensity of DMPO-OH signal to about one third of control. However, the maximum intensity in the hearts treated with kojic acid showed a similar level to control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Protective action of iron-chelating agents (catechol, mimosine, deferoxamine, and kojic acid) against ischemia-reperfusion injury of isolated neonatal rabbit hearts. 133 45

U74006F, a novel 21-aminosteroid, is an inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that is devoid of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid side effects. The efficacy of U74006F in reducing cerebral infarct size was investigated in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke. Each animal received either U74006F (3.0 mg/kg immediately before and 2 hr after embolization, n = 8) or vehicle control (n = 10). Hematocrit, mean arterial pressure, PCO2, PO2, and pH were measured and controlled both before and after the administration of an autologous clot into one internal carotid artery. Regional cerebral blood flow (in ml/100 g/min, mean +/- SEM) measured by hydrogen clearance was similar in both groups, being reduced from 68.2 +/- 9.6 to 5.2 +/- 1.9 in the control group immediately after clot embolization and from 73.3 +/- 14.9 to 7.0 +/- 1.7 in the U74006F group. Four hours after embolization the brain was harvested and cerebral infarct size was determined using the triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride technique (% hemisphere, mean +/- SEM). In the U74006F-treated group, the infarct size was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) to 14.8 +/- 6.4 from a control value of 36.0 +/- 6.4. Additionally, cerebral blood flow values after embolization were consistently higher in the U74006F group, although the differences were not statistically significant. This data suggests that the 21-aminosteroid U74006F may have a protective effect in cerebral ischemia.
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PMID:The effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke. 143 19


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