Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of the investigation was to assess whether therapeutic membrane plasmapheresis accelerates protein synthesis. To this end pseudouridine (PSI), a modified nucleoside was investigated which provides information on the tRNA turnover and thus indirectly also on protein synthesis. The authors made 10 plasmapheresis on a A 2008 PF monitor with Plasmaflux P2 filters which they use to exchange 1 plasma volume of the patients. Laboratory indicators were investigated one day before plasmapheresis, on the day of plasmapheresis and during its course, and on the 1st, 2nd and possibly 3rd day after plasmapheresis. They revealed that the clearance of the plasma filter for PSI (0.41 +/- 0.04 ml/s, arithmetical mean +/- SEM) did not differ significantly from the filtration rate (0.49 +/- 0.01 ml/s, p = 0.15). As compared with the initial examination (0.49 +/- 0.06 ml/s) on the first day after plasmapheresis as a result of reduced glomerular filtration rate the renal clearance of PSI was reduced (0.33 +/- 0.05, p less than 0.01). PSI serum concentrations were therefore expressed as the serum PSI/serum creatinine ratio. This ratio was, as compared with the initial examination (80.4 +/- 4.8 nmol/mumol), raised midway during the procedure (100.8 +/- 8.6, p much less than 0.05) and after its termination (132.3 +/- 6.1, p much less than 0.01). The increase was not due to disintegration of cells or dietary factors. The rise of the serum PSI/serum creatinine ratio was due to a more rapid tRNA turnover and thus provided evidence that therapeutic membrane plasmapheresis accelerates protein synthesis.
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PMID:[Does therapeutic membrane plasmapheresis increase protein synthesis?]. 158 44

Six patients (21-50 years) with growth hormone deficiency and panhypopituitarism were given recombinant growth hormone, somatotropin, 0.04-0.1 U.kg.body wt-1.day-1, for 12 months. All patients reported improved well-being with increased working capacity. Bone mineral density, as measured by single photon absorptiometry at two sites on the forearm, showed increased values in 5/6 patients after 12 months when measured at the most distal site (predominantly trabecular bone) and in 4/6 at the more proximal site (predominantly cortical bone). Five patients continued therapy for an additional year and after 18 months a significant increase in bone mineral density was seen at both the distal and proximal sites. The mean annual increase in bone mineral density was 12.0 +/- 0.6 (SEM)% and 3.8 +/- 1.3% at the distal and proximal sites, respectively. In a growth hormone deficient control group without growth hormone therapy, the corresponding values were -2.4 +/- 0.6% and -1.9 +/- 0.4%, respectively. Lean body mass, estimated anthropometrically, increased significantly after 12 months and total body potassium, measured by whole body counting technique, increased in 4/6 patients. During growth hormone treatment, the IGF-1 values were above the mean values for age and 50% of the values were above the mean +2 SD. B-glucose, P-insulin, serum IGF-2, procollagen-III peptide and phosphate increased and urea, creatinine and IGF-binding protein-1 decreased during treatment. The beneficial effects of growth hormone substitution, especially on bone mineral density, indicate that growth hormone substitution should be considered in all patients with hypopituitarism and growth hormone deficiency, irrespective of age.
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PMID:Potent effect of recombinant growth hormone on bone mineral density and body composition in adults with panhypopituitarism. 162 80

A urine cortisol:creatinine (c:c) ratio, determined from a free-catch morning sample, was evaluated in each of 83 dogs as a screening test for hyper-adrenocorticism. The dogs evaluated were allotted to 3 groups, including 20 healthy dogs, 40 dogs with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and 23 dogs with polyuria and polydipsia not attributable to HAC (polyuria/polydipsia group; PU/PD). Overlap in the urine c:c ratios (mean +/- SEM), comparing results from the healthy dogs (5.7 x 10(-6) +/- 0.9) with those from the HAC dogs (337.7 x 10(-6) +/- 72.0) was not found. However, 11 (64%) of the 18 values from the PU/PD dogs (42.6 x 10(-6) +/- 9.4) were above the lowest ratio in the HAC group and 50% of the HAC group had a urine c:c ratio below the highest value in the PU/PD group. When the mean urine c:c ratio (+/- 2 SD) for the group of healthy dogs was used as a reference range, 100% of the HAC dogs and 18 (77%) of 23 dogs in the PU/PD group had abnormal urine c:c ratios. The sensitivity of the urine c:c ratio to discriminate dogs with HAC was 100%. The specificity of the urine c:c ratio was 22% and its diagnostic accuracy was 76%. On the basis of our findings, a urine c:c ratio within the reference range provides strong evidence to rule out HAC. However, abnormal urine c:c ratios are obtained from dogs with clinical diseases other than HAC. Therefore, measurement of a urine c:c ratio should not be used as the sole screening test to confirm a diagnosis of HAC.
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PMID:Urine cortisol:creatinine ratio as a screening test for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. 142 51

In order to assess the effect of sex steroids on bone mineral density in Japanese with senile osteoporosis, the bone mineral density in 1/3 distal site of radius was measured serially before and after treatment for 2 years using single photon absorptiometry. Sixty seven old females with senile osteoporosis were divided into 4 groups, Group 1 (n = 28, mean age; 74.4 +/- 1.3 y.o., mean +/- SEM) was the control group, Group 2 (n = 14, mean age; 73.7 +/- 1.7 y.o.) was treated with 0.5-1.0 micrograms/day of 1 alpha -OHD3, Group 3 (n = 12, mean age; 75.4 +/- 2.9 y.o.) was treated with conjugated estrogen (Premarin) in a dose of 0.3125 mg/day (3 approximately 4 weeks administration followed by 1 week rest) and Group 4 (n = 13, mean age; 76.4 +/- 1.8 y.o.) was treated with sex-steroids (pregnenolone : androstenedione : androstenediol : testosterone : estrone = 1.0 mg : 1.0 mg : 0.5 mg : 0.1 mg : 5 micrograms/tablet) and thyroid hormone (thyroid-sicca 7.5 mg/tablet) preparation in a dose of 2 tablets/day. When the radial bone mineral density (RMD) before the treatment was taken as 100%, RMDs of each group at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 96.4 +/- 3.1%, 97.3 +/- 2.0%, 93.7 +/- 2.1% and 96.1 +/- 1.8% in Group 1, 100.8 +/- 2.8%, 106.4 +/- 2.1%, 101.3 +/- 3.4% and 108.8 +/- 2.9% in Group 2, 103.0 +/- 2.8%, 106.2 +/- 3.5%, 105.9 +/- 4.3% and 100.2 +/- 4.7% in Group 3, 105.3 +/- 2.2%, 104.7 +/- 2.3%, 112.6 +/- 6.4% and 112.1 +/- 6.7% in Group 4, respectively. Therefore, significant increases in RMD were observed in Groups 2, 3 (transient) and 4 when compared with Group 1. In Group 3, serum level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased from 0.28 +/- 0.03 ng/ml before the treatment to 0.55 +/- 0.15 ng/ml at 24 months after the treatment. In Group 2, transient (6 months after the treatment) but significant (p less than 0.01) increase in urinary Ca/Creatinine ratio from 0.15 +/- 0.04 to 0.20 +/- 0.03 was found. Serum A1-P activities in Group 4 was shown to increase transiently from 131 +/- 10 IU to 151 +/- 12 IU (p less than 0.05) at 6 months and to 158 +/- 13 IU (p less than 0.01) at 12 months followed by subsequent decrease to 135 +/- 6 IU at 18 months and 133 +/- 10 IU at 24 months after the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effect of estrogen and, sex-steroids and thyroid hormone preparation on bone mineral density in senile osteoporosis--a comparative study of the effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3) on senile osteoporosis]. 164 79

1. Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both men and women. Experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoking is associated with several indices of increased platelet activation and platelet/vessel wall interaction in men. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is linked to an increased platelet activity in women also. 2. In 26 healthy smoking and non-smoking women (age 21-49 years) the urinary excretion of the thromboxane A2 metabolite 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 (an index of platelet activation) and of the prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (an index of platelet/vessel wall interaction) were analysed by g.c.-m.s. in samples collected on days 3, 10 and 20 of their respective menstrual cycles. 3. The urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 did not vary significantly during the menstrual cycle, either in the smokers or in the non-smokers. It was consistently higher (P less than 0.004) in the group of smokers (average of day 3, 10 and 20, 395 +/- 61 pg/mg of creatinine; mean +/- SEM) than in the group of non-smokers (average 188 +/- 22 pg/mg of creatinine). 4. The urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha did not differ between the groups on any of the days studied (average on days 3, 10 and 20 in the smokers and non-smokers was 281 +/- 50 and 227 +/- 30 pg/mg of creatinine, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and urinary excretion of markers for platelet/vessel wall interaction in healthy women. 164 17

The phosphinyl ester prodrug fosinopril, a new angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is fully hydrolysed after oral administration to the pharmacologically active diacid, fosinoprilat. This metabolite is cleared by both hepatic and renal routes, while most other ACE inhibitors are cleared exclusively by the kidney. In the present study, after administration of multiple fixed oral doses the accumulation of the active moieties of fosinopril, enalapril and lisinopril was compared in patients with renal insufficiency. 29 patients with creatinine clearances (CLCR) less than 30 ml/min received either fosinopril 10mg (n = 9), enalapril 2.5mg (n = 10) or lisinopril 5mg (n = 10) once daily for 10 days in a nonblind (open-label) parallel study. Pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC), peak serum concentration (Cmax) and time to peak concentration (tmax), as well as renal function, blood pressure, and plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels, were determined on the first and last days of the study. The percentage (+/- SEM) increases in AUC from day 1 to day 10 for fosinoprilat, enalaprilat and lisinopril were 26.8 +/- 9.9 (nonsignificant), 76.6 +/- 16.6 (p less than 0.001) and 161.7 +/- 31.8% (p less than 0.001), respectively. These results indicate that there was significantly less accumulation of fosinoprilat, based on accumulation indices, relative to either enalaprilat (p less than 0.05) or lisinopril (p less than 0.001) during the study. The Cmax of fosinopril increased significantly less than that of lisinopril (21.1 vs 123.6%; p less than 0.01). Renal function was not altered in any group, and blood pressure changed modestly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fosinopril, lisinopril and enalapril in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 165 4

Ganciclovir (DHPG) was used in 32 renal transplant recipients with proven cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Mean time of CMV occurrence from grafting was 49 days. CMV disease was recognized on the combination of both clinical signs and histological or virological findings. DHPG treatment, adapted to renal function was given for 14 days and a pharmacokinetic study was performed at days 1, 7 and 14. Twenty nine patients, 10 of whom has severe to moderate disease, were improved by treatment. Three patients died, 2 of them with severe pulmonary and hepatic diseases. Few adverse effects were observed (leucopenia: n = 7, thrombopenia: n = 2, abdominal pain: n = 1). CMV was no longer found in virological samples in 80 percent of the patients. Maximal plasma concentration of DHPG (9.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml, m +/- SEM) was reached at the end of the one hour infusion and decreased according to a biexponential model. The half life of elimination was 3.35 +/- 0.32 hours, the metabolic clearance 128 +/- 7 ml/min and the distribution volume about 50 percent body weight (0.48 +/- 0.02 l/kg). The clearance of DHPG was greater than creatinine clearance, and was linearly correlated with it, suggesting that renal elimination was important, both by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. These results indicate that DHPG is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of CMV disease in renal transplant recipients. Renal elimination of the drug requires dosage adjustment to renal function.
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PMID:[Treatment of cytomegalovirus infections with ganciclovir in kidney transplant recipients. Clinical and pharmacokinetic study]. 166 77

We studied the serum levels and peritoneal transport of prolactin in 13 CAPD patients and compared with 8 patients on hemodialysis and 10 normal subjects matched by age (30-78 years), sex, body mass index and serum glucose concentrations. CAPD and hemodialysis patients were matched also by hematocrit, serum creatinine, albumin concentrations and duration and dialysis (0-79 months), the prolactin levels in serum and in effluent were measured by RIA and NB2 bioassay. CAPD patients had higher serum prolactin levels than did hemodialysis-treated patients and control subjects. The bioactive/immunoactive ratio of serum prolactin in CAPD patients was 0.7 +/- 0.1 versus 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the control subjects (P less than 0.05) and 0.8 +/- 0.04 in the hemodialysis patients, mean +/- SEM. A significant linear correlation was demonstrated between serum levels and 8 hr peritoneal mass transfer of this hormone. A notable drop of prolactin took place after the first hour of dialysis. Serum prolactin was not influenced by peritoneal protein loss, glucose absorption rate or duration of CAPD. From this study we may conclude that hyperprolactinemia associated with CAPD is not affected by continuous peritoneal loss of prolactin, demonstrating only a slight decrease in bioactivity.
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PMID:Serum levels and peritoneal loss of prolactin in CAPD patients. 168 Apr 37

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of renal anemia, but the dose regimens have not been established. We studied the effects of subcutaneous rhuEPO given 4,000U (1 vial) every 5-10 days in 9 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Ten stable CAPD patients (6 females and 4 males; mean age +/- SEM, 54.4 +/- 5.6 years; mean baseline hemoglobin concentration 7.3 +/- 1.2g/dL) were commenced on s.c. rhuEPO. None of the patients had a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, aluminum overload, sepsis nor receiving androgens. Seven patients were receiving 4,000 U rhuEPO weekly, one patient each was receiving 4,000 U every 5 and 10 days (range, 66.7-89.3 U/kg/week). The dose was adjusted every 4 weeks according to response by altering the dose interval. The mean hemoglobin concentration increased from 7.3 +/- 1.2 g/dL to 10.3 +/- 1.1 g/dL over 8 weeks. There was no significant changes in the serum ferritin, urea, creatinine and potassium levels. One patient required an increase in antihypertensive therapy. We feel that s.c. rhuEPO 4,000 U given on an intermittent basis is effective in the treatment of anemia in CAPD patients. The administration of a single vial each time is convenient and cost sparing. The gradual rise in hematocrit avoids complications.
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PMID:Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in patients on CAPD. 168 Apr 47

Insulin-like growth factor II and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 were identified and quantified in the urine of 23 healthy subjects between 17 and 76 years of age. IGF-II was measured after separation by gel chromatography at low pH and compared with IGF-I levels in the same samples, whereas IGF binding protein-1 was measured in dialysed urine. Urinary IGF-II was found at much higher concentrations than IGF-I (mean +/- SEM: 717 +/- 69 vs 110 +/- 5 ng/mmol creatinine). The chromatographic profile indicates that pro-IGF-II may also be present. The concentrations of IGF-II appear to be less variable than the other reported parameters. The mean IGF binding protein-1 concentrations in these urine samples was 414 +/- 83 ng/mmol creatinine. IGFs in the urine are in part bound to binding proteins.
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PMID:Immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor II in urine. 170 9


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