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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The internal mammary artery (IMA) has become the conduit of choice in coronary artery bypass surgery because of superior long-term patency. It had been shown that IMA graft could release prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and also can inhibit platelet aggregation. To determine the role of human IMA endothelium in production of prostacyclin, we tested the reactivity of segments of human IMA to hypoxia in vitro. Human IMAs were harvested during coronary artery bypass surgery. Prostacyclin was measured from fluid in the organ baths by radioimmunoassay of its major hydrolytic product 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Rings (4 mm in length) of IMA, with and without endothelium, were suspended in organ baths containing physiologic salt solution. Rings were contracted with norepinephrine, and exposed to hypoxia (pO2 35 +/- 5 mmHg) for 15 minutes then reoxygenated. In segments with endothelium, hypoxia induced a transient relaxation followed by contraction. The transient relaxation was associated with a significantly increased production of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha (from 34.1 +/- 2.7 pg/ml prehypoxia to 51.6 +/- 6.7 pg/ml during hypoxia, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). This transient relaxation was blocked by indomethacin but not by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and free radical scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase and deferoxamine). However, in segments without endothelium, the prehypoxia (14.7 +/- 0.9) and during hypoxia (15.5 +/- 1.4) level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were not increased and were significantly lower than those with endothelium. This study demonstrated that endothelium of IMA grafts could release prostacyclin either in a basal condition or upon stimulation of hypoxia. This ability possibly contributes to its long-term patency.
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PMID:Endothelium-dependent production of prostacyclin in human internal mammary artery. 179 65

The pathogenesis of hypertension associated with Cushing's syndrome is incompletely understood. We have studied basal and saline-stimulated levels of plasma atrial natriuretic hormone in 10 subjects with active Cushing's syndrome (8 F: 2 M), aged 43 +/- 4 years (mean +/- SEM). Ten age- and sex-matched normal control subjects were also studied. Subjects fasted from 22.00 h, rose at 07.45 h, and remained ambulant until 09.45 h when blood was taken for plasma ANH, plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone. Subjects then rested supine until 10.00 h when blood was again taken, and blood pressure recorded. Then, while subjects remained supine, 21 of 0.9% NaCl were infused between 10.00 and 14.00 h. Blood was taken hourly. Basal plasma ANH was 8.0 +/- 0.9 pmol/l in Cushing's subjects and 6.9 +/- 2.5 pmol/l in controls. Levels increased in response to saline in both groups, and became significantly higher in the group of patients with Cushing's syndrome (14.00 h level 21.3 +/- 3.9 vs 10.4 +/- 1.9 pmol/l; p less than 0.05). Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity were not different between groups. Mean blood pressure was higher in patients (114 +/- 4 vs 91 +/- 7 mmHg; p less than 0.05). Urinary sodium excretion was not different between groups before saline, but during the four hours of saline was higher in Cushing's subjects (133 +/- 12 vs 67 +/- 11 mmols; N = 6; p less than 0.05). Our results suggest that during salt loading the exaggerated natriuresis seen in the Cushing's group may have been caused by ANH.
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PMID:Basal and saline-stimulated plasma atrial natriuretic hormone in Cushing's syndrome. 182 38

Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured in patients with peripartum heart failure and in age matched healthy women post partum. Both groups had carried out traditional postpartum practices of salt consumption and body heating. Plasma concentrations (mean (SEM)) of atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly higher in the seven patients with peripartum heart failure (146.9 (24.3) pg/ml) than in the seven controls (4.4 (0.8) pg/ml). Both plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity were suppressed in the patients with peripartum heart failure. After treatment for the heart failure plasma atrial natriuretic peptide fell considerably and there were associated increases in plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity. The high plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide may have been a compensatory response to salt and water retention as well as to the heart failure. These high concentrations could also, in part, have suppressed the release of aldosterone and renin in an attempt to correct for volume overload.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, and plasma renin activity in peripartum heart failure. 182 4

In an epidemiological study carried out in Reunion Island, 1,686 randomized school children aged from 11 to 15 years were examined for goitre by cervical palpation. A detailed questionnaire was fully completed by each child and his parents. The iodine level was measured in 168 urinary samples and in the salt and water consumed in the various places investigated. The overall incidence of goitre was 8.2 percent, rising up to 19.7 percent in the mountainous part of the island. The mean urinary iodine level was 40.2 +/- 2.7 micrograms I/g creatinine (m +/- SEM) and fell to 20.0 +/- 3.7 in the highlands. Water and salt contained little iodine. A significant relationship was noted between the presence of goitre on the one hand and sex, familial incidence of goitre, cassava consumption and distance from the coast on the other hand. This study demonstrates that endemic goitre and iodine deficiency are present in a limited area of Reunion Island.
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PMID:[Incidence of endemic goiter on Reunion Island. A search for etiological factors]. 183 62

Experiments were performed in chronically salt loaded rats (4 g% NaCl diet for 2 weeks) to determine whether the resetting of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) by a humoral inhibitor in tubular fluid is caused by a humoral factor from the adrenal glands. TGF response was assessed by measuring NGFR in the absence of loop of Henle perfusion and during perfusion at 40 nl/min with tubular fluid from normal or salt loaded rats and expressed as NGFR40/NGFR0. (1) Loop of Henle perfusion with tubular fluid from normal rats elicited a TGF response of 50.3% +/- 7.9% (mean +/- SEM) in normal rats and 57.2% +/- 7.9% in salt loaded rats. With tubular fluid from high salt rats, TGF response in normal rats was 97.4% +/- 6.3% and in salt loaded rats 98.0% +/- 1.6%. Participation of adrenal steroids in the inhibition is suggested by the following results: (2) Acute adrenalectomy (ADX) in high salt rats abolished the TGF inhibitory potency of high salt tubular fluid. TGF response in salt loaded rats with high salt tubular fluid from high salt ADX rats was 62.3% +/- 3.0%. Substitution of high salt ADX rats with matching adrenal venous blood from high salt rats restored TGF inhibition. (3) With cross over experiments the effect of heterologous adrenal venous blood substitution on TGF inhibitory activity was studied. The TGF response in high salt rats with high salt tubular fluid and tubular fluid from normal ADX rats substituted with adrenal venous blood collected from high salt rats was 88.9% +/- 5.5% and 91.7% +/- 6.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic dietary salt loading: resetting of tubuloglomerular feedback control of renal hemodynamics by an adrenal hormone. 188 Oct 39

This study investigated the shear bond strength between etched enamel and 4-mm-diameter base metal castings cemented with Panavia EX. Four different methods of casting preparation were used: air abraded, salt crystals placed on the wax patterns, opaque porcelain sprayed on the metal surface, and sprayed opaque porcelain followed by a silane coupling agent. The prepared surfaces were examined before and after testing using SEM and electron dispersive analysis by x-rays. It was determined that there was no significant difference in the shear bond strength between the salt-crystal technique and the nonsilanated sprayed ceramic surfaces. The air-abraded surface was the least retentive, and the silanated opaque porcelain specimens had intermediate retention. The sprayed opaque porcelain technique seems to offer several advantages.
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PMID:Sprayed opaque porcelain as a retentive surface for resin-bonded restorations. 208 76

We have studied calcium regulation in 11 consecutive patients undergoing radical surgery for upper aerodigestive tract malignancy. Eight patients received postoperative parenteral nutrition including calcium (19 mmol/day) and tri-iodothyronine (30 micrograms/day) supplementation. Three patients received enteral nutrition with calcium (70 mmol/day), 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1 microgram) and thyroxine (150 micrograms/day) via a nasogastric tube. Mean (SEM) corrected calcium fell from 2.42 (0.013) to 2.03 (0.036) mmol/l after 24 h (P less than 0.01). Replacement therapy generally maintained the serum calcium above 2.0 mmol/l. However, values were associated with only one episode of tetany. Phosphate increased from 1.10 (0.05) to 1.79 (0.11) mmol/l, 7-9 days postoperatively (P less than 0.001). Tubular calcium reabsorption fell and urinary calcium excretion rose, consistent with loss of parathyroid hormone (PTH) action on the distal nephron. However, the renal leak of calcium can be considerably reduced by concomitant salt depletion. This enhances proximal tubular sodium and calcium reabsorption thereby limiting calcium delivery to the distal nephron. This offsets the consequences of the loss of PTH which normally regulates distal calcium reabsorption.
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PMID:Maintenance of serum calcium after total thyroparathyroidectomy. 212 83

Because the role of systemic hormones in the pathophysiology of edema in acute renal disease remains incompletely understood, we compared the levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), nephrotic syndrome (NS), and normal individuals during salt deprivation and salt loading. Sixteen patients with AGN (10 males) and nine patients with NS and hypoalbuminemia (7 males) were studied on admission, and after recovery (12 AGN patients) or remission (4 NS patients). Eighteen normal controls were each studied after five days on a low (20 mEq Na/day), regular (120 mEq Na/day) and high (300 mEq Na/day) dietary salt intake. Patients with AGN and NS had comparable edema (AGN 2.8 +/- 0.53 kg; NS 3.36 +/- 0.47 kg; SE) and urinary Na excretion (mean +/- SEM: AGN 0.97 +/- 0.11 mEq/hr; NS 1.06 +/- 0.16 mEq/hr), but AGN patients had five times higher ANF (AGN 27.2 +/- 4.06 fmol/ml; NS 5.51 +/- 1.02 fmol/ml; P less than 0.001) and six times lower PRA ng/liter.sec levels (AGN 0.187 +/- 0.047; NS 1.144 +/- 0.222; P less than 0.001) than NS patients. The degree of edema was correlated with ANF levels in AGN patients (P less than 0.001) but not in NS patients. There was a strong exponential negative correlation (r = -0.773, P less than 0.0001) between ANF and PRA, in which AGN patients and Na-restricted controls were located in the opposite ends of the volume sensing-response, and NS patients in the middle, alongside controls with regular Na intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor in the acute nephritic and nephrotic syndromes. 214 29

The predisposition of black people to salt (NaCl)-sensitive essential hypertension may relate to racial differences in cellular Na+ metabolism. This tenet was investigated by examining the Na(+)-H+ antiport in serially passed skin fibroblasts from blacks and whites. Na(+)-dependent stimulation of the Na(+)-H+ antiport by cellular acidification resulted in a greater maximal velocity (Vmax) (mean +/- SEM) of this transport system in quiescent fibroblasts from blacks than fibroblasts from whites; the Vmax for recovery from cellular pH (pHi) of 6.6 was 5.84 +/- 0.50 versus 4.39 +/- 0.34 mmol H+/l X 20 seconds for blacks and whites, respectively (p less than 0.05). Although the Na+ concentration producing 50% stimulation of the Na(+)-H+ antiport for blacks (35.1 +/- 5.7 mM) was greater than for whites (24.1 +/- 3.5 mM), this difference was not statistically significant. No racial differences were observed in the Hill coefficient (n, 1.35 +/- 0.21 for blacks and 1.46 +/- 0.28 for whites). Compared with whites, cells from blacks exhibited a greater response to cytoplasmic acidification over the range of pHi values 6.20-6.60, as exhibited by an augmented rate of recovery in the pHi. These differences were not due to different basal pHi values or cellular buffering capacities, which were similar for blacks and whites. Na(+)-H+ antiport activity was not correlated with family history of hypertension. Increased activity of the Na(+)-H+ antiport in fibroblasts from blacks was confirmed without cellular acidification by stimulating quiescent cells with 10% human serum. This study demonstrates innate racial differences in cellular membrane Na(+)-H+ antiport activity.
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PMID:Na(+)-H+ antiport activity in skin fibroblasts from blacks and whites. 215 2

We evaluated the efficacy of an ACE inhibitor captopril (CAP) for the reduction of proteinuria in glomerular diseases, and tried to find the conditions in which urinary protein excretion was significantly decreased by this drug. Renin provocation test by CAP (C-test) was performed, and the result was compared to the effect on proteinuria. In 33 patients with proteinuria, ranging from 1.1 to 14.1 g/day, CAP was administered. Urinary protein excretion was reduced from 3.6 +/- 0.6 to 2.8 +/- 0.4 g/day (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01) after 2 weeks. The decrease in urinary protein was significant when renal function was moderately impaired (30 less than or equal to Ccr less than 60 ml/min) or patients were on a salt diet less than 7 g of NaCl daily. Reduction of urinary protein excretion by 2-week treatment of CAP was correlated with the result of C-test (r = 0.874, p less than 0.025). The long-term follow up for more than 6 months also suggested that CAP delayed the deterioration of renal function. Thus, CAP was proved effective in treating proteinuria, and C-test might give us an information of its proteinuria-suppressing effect in an individual case. But its efficacy was observed only in patients with moderately-reduced renal function or on low-salt diet. Therefore, we should select the cases carefully to expect the effect of CAP for the reduction of proteinuria.
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PMID:[The effect of captopril on proteinuria in glomerular diseases]. 226 22


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