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A combined scanning/transmission electron microscopic (SEM/TEM) technique was used to analyze the third cerebral ventricle and underlying tissue of the median eminence of 6 mature rhesus monkeys. The same sample of the ventricular wall was subjected to both SEM and TEM. This technique demonstrates two basic subpopulations of supraependymal cells on the surface of the supraoptic, infundibular and mammillary recesses. Type 1 cells are definitely neuron-like in their surface configuration and internal fine structural organization. Type 2 cells are more similar to histiocytes and are not as numerous as type 1 cells. The functional capacity of type 1 cells is discussed in the context of their potential role as a neuronal network that may serve as a short loop autoregulatory mechanism controlling the synthesis of releasing hormones or biogenic amines.
Cell Tissue Res 1975 Sep 16
PMID:The primate median eminence. I. Correlative scanning-transmission electron microscopy. 80 41

In order to investigate plasma prolactin and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) concentration and pituitary reserve of these two hormones in patients with breast cancer, following examinations were carried out. Plasma prolactin concentration was measured before and 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes after the 500mug of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH) i.v. injection in 22 patients with breast cancer and 4 patients with benign breast disease. All patients did not take any hormonal therapy and any medication inducing prolactin secretion. Ten healthy females were also tested as controls. Plasma prolactin concentration was estimated by a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique using hPRL RIA kit provided by NIAMDD. The basal prolactin concentration in patients with breast cancer was 18.6 +/- ng/ml (Mean +/- SEM), and it was slightly higher than the control group (14.7 +/- 2.2 ng/ml), but not statistically significant. In 6 out of 22 patients with breast cancer, high plasma prolactin concentrations more than 25 ng/ml were observed. The maximal plasma prolactin concentration following the TRH injection was obtained at 15-30 minutes after TRH in most patients with breast cancer. The maximal value was 87.4 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, and it was near the upper limit of normal range of prolactin response, and not significantly higher than the maximal value in the control group (59.7 +/- 5.7 ng/ml). In 7 patients with breast cancer, the maximal prolactin values more than 100 ng/ml were obtained after TRH injection. There was no statistically significant difference between early breast cancer group (TNM: stage I & II, N=14) and advanced breast cancer group (TNM: stage III & IV, N=6) in both the plasma prolactin concentration and the pituitary prolactin reserve...
Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 1976 Sep 20
PMID:[Plasma prolactin and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) in patients with breast cancer (author's transl)]. 82 85

Digitalis has been shown to improve the impaired ventricular function associated with coronary artery disease as well as to increase myocardial oxygen consumption and produce coronary vasoconstriction. To elucidate the net result of these contrasting effects, six patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fractions less than 0.50 had 1.0 mCi thallium-201 injected intravenously at rest and during three minutes of 33% of maximal handgrip, off and on 0.25 mg daily maintenance digoxin. Thallium-201 scintigram images were taken 30 minutes later and were computer processed with orthogonal linearly interpolated background subtraction and maximal count density equalization. Processed images were visually graded on a 0, 1, or 2 scale for 18 sectors--nine from the AP projections and nine from the 40 degrees left anterior oblique projections. A score resulting from the summation of the 18 sector grades was made for each study, the maximum score being 36. Off digitalis, patients performing handgrip exercise decreased their scintigram scores from 25.7 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) to 23.0 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.05. When patients were on maintenance digoxin, scores did not change significantly during handgrip exercise. Post exercise scores were significantly higher on digoxin than off (P less than 0.05), whereas, resting scores were unaffected by digoxin. These data suggest that myocardial perfusion, as measured by thallium-201 uptake, is improved in patients on digitalis who have coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
Circulation 1977 Sep
PMID:Effects of digitalis on resting and isometric exercise myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. 88 90

The goals of this study were to develop and standardize a test of cardiovascular health knowledge to determine its status among primary school children, to ascertain the rate at which cardiovascular health knowledge increases as compared to other subject areas, and to demonstrate the feasibility of the use of standardized achievement tests for assessing the results of health education curricula. The Iowa Cardiovascular Health Knowledge Test (ICVHT) was developed and administered in conjunction with a standardized educational testing program, the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS), to a stratified sample of 2,675 Iowa Students from grades six, seven, and eight. The average student in the sixth, seventh and eighth grades answered 37.9 +/- 0.4, 41.2 +/- 0.3, and 43.7 +/- 0.4 (SEM) percent of the items correctly. ICVHT scores increased minimally (less than 1 item/grade) as grade levels increased, but at a 75% slower rate than scores in other subjects tested. The results document a deficiency in cardiovascular health knowledge and provide a model for use in educational assessment programs in other health disciplines.
Circulation 1977 Sep
PMID:The status of cardiovascular health knowledge among sixth, seventh, and eighth grade children. 88 5

Physical examination, chest roentgenography, phonocardiography, and right heart catheterization were used to evaluate the function of composite aortic homografts inserted as right ventricular outflow tracts in 13 patients 1.8 to 7 years previously. All homografts in these patients who were followed for 2 or more years demonstrated calcification of the aortic wall, but valve leaflets were spared. Moderate pulmonary insufficiency was present in eight patients with single cusp partial homografts, but was well tolerated in all. Homograft valve insufficiency was mild in five patients with complete homografts. No patient had an outflow tract gradient greater than 32 mm Hg. The average gradient was 18.5 +/- 2.7 (SEM) mm Hg. Abnormality of pulmonary blood flow was found in three patients and could be related to previous Waterston or Potts anastomoses. No late morbidity due to homograft degeneration has occurred and the long-term function of these conduits appears to be good.
Circulation 1977 Sep
PMID:Long-term function of aortic homografts as the right ventricular outflow tract. 88 29

Using a specific radioimmunoassay technique for somatostatin (GHRIH), we have studied the ontogenesis of hypothalamic GHRIH in relation to pituitary and serum GH concentrations in immature rats. Hypothalamic GHRIH concentrations rose from minimal levels of 4.5 +/- 0.2 pg/microgram protein (mean +/- SEM) at 2 days to peak concentrations of 40.6 +/- 4.1 pg/microgram protein at 28 days followed by a progressive decline toward 50 days (7.0 +/- 0.8 pg/microgram protein). Pituitary GH concentration attained peak prepuberal values of 203.5 +/- 22.8 ng/microgram protein at 16 days with a further marked rise after puberty. Serum GH concentration was elevated to 2 days (53.3 +/- 5.7 ng/ml) and declined progressively to 5.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml at 13 days. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between hypothalamic GHRIH and serum GH concentrations (r = 0.743, P less than 0.005). These data indicate that the hypothalamic regulatory mechanism for pituitary GH release develops during the neonatal period of the rat and suggest that GHRIH may play an important physiological role in this process.
Endocrinology 1977 Sep
PMID:The development of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in the neonatal rat: hypothalamic somatostatin and pituitary and serum growth hormone concentrations. 89 65

The responses of pancreatic volume flow and bicarbonate output to intravenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 0.8 to 3.2 microgram per kg per hr) and synthetic secretin (32.2 to 129 ng per kg per hr) were compared intraindividually in 5 healthy volunteers. Pure pancreatic juice was obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct. The mean +/- SEM observed maximal response of secretin-stimulated juice flow was 248 +/- 7 microliter per kg per 5 min, whereas the observed maximal response for VIP-evoked juice flow was 48 +/- 6 microliter per kg per 5 min. The observed maximal secretin-induced bicarbonate output was 30 +/- 2 muEq per kg per 5 min, and the maximal VIP-related response was 4.3 +/- 0.9 muEq per kg per 5 min. In addition to low efficacy, high dose requirements, and side effects (significant rise in pulse rate and cutaneous flushing at 3.2 micrograms per kg per hr) argue against a major physiological role of VIP as a hormonal stimulant of human pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
Gastroenterology 1977 Sep
PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a secretin-like partial agonist for pancreatic secretion in man. 89 45

Seventy patients undergoing renal arteriography were studied prospectively to define optimal techniques of renal venous sampling and to establish the most appropriate methods for interpretation of renal vein renin and activity (RVRA). Plasma renin activity values from the aorta, the antecubital vein and the lower inferior vena cava were nearly identical. The relationship between renal vein renin activity in the two renal veins was not influenced by lack of simultaneous sampling or by contrast administration. Thirty-one patients with normal arteriograms had a mean RVRA ratio (right over left) of 1.12 +/- .11 (mean +/- SEM) but RVRA difference (right minus left) of only 0.02 +/- .11 ng/ml/hr. In contrast 16 patients with "significant" (greater than 70%) narrowing of the main renal artery had a mean RVRA ratio (involved over uninvolved) of 4.3 +/- 1.2 and a mean RVRA difference (involved minus uninvolved) of 3.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml/hr. Seven patients (22%) with normal arteriograms had "abnormal" RVRA ratios (greater than or equal 1.5) but corresponding RVRA differences within one standard deviation of the group mean. Thus the difference inRVRA between both renal veins may more accurately reflect a patient's renovascular status than does the corresponding RVRA ratio. An "abnormal" RVRA ratio alone inadequately indicates the presence of renal ischemia.
Johns Hopkins Med J 1977 Sep
PMID:Renal vein renin activity: a prospective study of sampling techniques and methods of interpretation. 89 53

Glucose and fructose were studied in eight healthy volunteers who fasted twice for 4 days. Before and after the fasts each subject received a 4-hr glucose or fructose infusion providing 0.5 g/kg/hr. Glucose infusion during starvation resulted in a mean maximal plasma glucose rise of 401 +/- 21 mg/100 ml (+/- SEM) as compared to 119 +/- 10 mg/100 ml before starvation. Insulin/glucose ratios were lower than normal in fasted subjects. Fructose infusion during fasting produced a maximal plasma glucose rise of 91 +/- 9 mg/100 ml as opposed to 5+/-1 mg/100 ml before starvation. During fructose infusion in the fasted state, plasma fructose levels were higher than control and the rise in blood lactate and pyruvate was delayed, but finally lactate concentrations were above control values. The antiketotic effects of intravenous glucose and fructose were similar during fasting but fructose was significantly less potent in reducing free fatty acid levels. After starvation, urinary carbohydrate losses during glucose infusion were 5 times higher than those observed during fructose infusion. Thus, fructose utillization was less impaired during fasting than was glucose utilization, although fasting induced abnormalities in both glucose and fructose metabolism.
Am J Clin Nutr 1977 Sep
PMID:Comparison of glucose and fructose tolerance before and after starvation. 90 56

The concentrations of circulating GH were low in 1-week-old birds (male plasma pool 30 ng/ml, female 32 ng/ml), reached a maximum at 7 weeks in male birds (142 +/- 26 SEM ng/ml) or 4 weeks in females (185 +/- 32 ng/ml) and then decreased to 17-3 +/- 2-8 ng/ml in males and 8-7 +/- 0-6 ng/ml in females at 17 weeks. 2. Significant inverse correlations between GH concentration and age or body weight were found (male, r = -0-693), female, r = -0-623). 3. In males, but not females, the weekly increase in body weight was correlated with the plasma GH concentration (r = 0-291).
Br Poult Sci 1977 Sep
PMID:Plasma growth hormone concentrations during growth in turkeys. 91 77


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