Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-seven patients with postmenopausal crush fracture osteoporosis were randomized to oral cyclic estrogen/gestagen (n = 20) or oral calcium (2000 mg elemental calcium per day) (n = 17). Fourteen in each group completed 1 year of treatment. Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained after intravital double labeling with tetracycline before and after treatment in 10 patients on estrogen/gestagen and 11 patients on calcium. In the estrogen/gestagen group the activation frequency in trabecular bone decreased from 0.52 + 0.11 (SEM) year-1 to 0.27 + 0.08 year-1 (p less than 0.01). No significant changes were found in resorption or formation periods. The osteoid surfaces and the mineralizing surfaces decreased (p less than 0.05), whereas the decrease in eroded surfaces was insignificant. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in final resorption depth, wall thickness or bone balance per remodeling cycle. Serum alkaline phosphatase and renal hydroxyproline excretion decreased during treatment (p less than 0.002), whereas the lumbar bone mineral content (BMC) increased (p less than 0.01). In the calcium group the extent and thickness of osteoid surfaces decreased (p less than 0.05) without significant changes in activation frequency. Serum alkaline phosphatase and renal hydroxyproline excretion decreased during treatment (p less than 0.02). No significant changes were observed in lumbar BMC or the other histomorphometric parameters. The study supports that the positive effect of estrogen/gestagen on BMC can be explained by a reduction in the activation frequency of new remodeling cycles leading to a decreased remodeling space and an increase in mean bone age. There is no evidence of a positive balance per remodeling cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A randomized study on the effects of estrogen/gestagen or high dose oral calcium on trabecular bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis. 269 Aug 98

Bisphosphonates are strong inhibitors of bone resorption and have become the treatment of choice of Paget's disease of bone. Second generation compounds such as amino-hydroxypropylene bisphosphonate (Pamidronate or APD) have not been found to impair bone mineralization, but to induce sustained remission of Paget's disease after short or medium courses. Gastrointestinal side effects may limit compliance. Therefore, 11 patients with mild but symptomatic Paget's disease of bone were treated with APD administered as a single intravenous infusion of 60 mg over 24 hours. The follow-up, with clinical and biochemical evaluations, was between 6 months and one year. Clinical improvement and normalization of biochemical parameters were observed in all patients. On average, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity fell progressively and significantly from 256 +/- 29 U/l (means +/- SEM) to 97 +/- 6 U/l after 6 months and to 102 +/- 11 U/l after one year (normal less than 120 U/l). Urinary excretion of hydroxy-proline decreased within 7 days to normal (from 4.3 +/- 0.5 mumol/lGF to 1.7 +/- 0.2 mumol/lGF, normal less than 2.2). Thereafter it remained within the normal range until one year later (1.8 +/- 0.2 mumol/lGF after 6 months and 1.9 +/- 0.3 mumol/lGF after 1 year). Side effects were negligible, with only a transient increase in body temperature in 2 patients. When bone scintigraphy was repeated after 6 months it revealed a marked decrease in the activity of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A single infusion of Pamidronate (APD) in Paget's disease of bone]. 271 Nov 57

This study aimed to determine the longitudinal changes in serum zinc concentrations and the relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and serum zinc concentrations in small preterm infants. The total serum AP and serum zinc concentrations were determined serially at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months in 72 infants with mean (+/- SEM) birth weights of 1000 +/- 29 g and gestational ages of 28.6 +/- 0.3 weeks. Twenty-four of 72 infants had radiographic evidence of rickets and/or fractures (R/F). In infants with R/F, group mean (+/- SEM) serum AP (371 +/- 42 U/L) and serum zinc (12.5 +/- 1.0 mumol/L) concentrations were significantly higher at 3 months compared with infants in the non-R/F group (193 +/- 12 U/L and 9.6 +/- 0.3 mumol/L, respectively). During the study, the serum AP concentrations decreased, and the serum zinc concentrations increased; both stabilized after 6 months. The serum AP concentrations were not related to the serum zinc concentrations. We speculate that in preterm infants, an increased bone turnover and a release of tissue (bone) zinc may contribute to the higher group mean serum AP and serum zinc concentrations at the time of diagnoses in infants with R/F compared with those infants without R/F.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase and serum zinc concentrations in preterm infants with rickets and fractures. 281 63

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed in the sera of 27 patients affected with Graves' disease prior to conventional (12-18 months) methimazole (30-5 mg/day) treatment, who were subsequently followed up over 36 +/- 1.5 months (m +/- SEM). Twelve patients underwent recurrence of thyrotoxicosis (relapsers) at variable intervals from withdrawal of treatment, whereas the remaining 12 remained euthyroid (nonrelapsers). In the study group as a whole, both GGT and ALP serum levels were significantly (p less than 0.001) increased with respect to 24 sex- and age-matched euthyroid controls (31.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 11.5 +/- 1.2 U/l and 203 +/- 13.8 vs. 110 +/- 7.3 U/l, m +/- SEM). Prevalence of GGT and ALP elevations was 56% (15/27) and 58% (15/26), respectively. Serum GGT activity was age dependent (r = 0.466, p less than 0.05) and inversely related to log2 microsomal antibody initial titer (r = 0.499, p less than 0.05) in the whole series. There was no difference in mean pretreatment thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) between the groups with supranormal enzyme and normal enzyme levels. However, in the group with enhanced enzyme levels, relapsed patients had higher initial T4 (20.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 17.1 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.01) and lower both initial T3 (452 +/- 31.1 vs. 551 +/- 57.8 ng/dl, p less than 0.02) than the nonrelapsed patients. Only in this group, initial T3:T4 ratio was a valuable indicator of the outcome of the disease, since it was below 30 in 7/7 (100%) relapsers vs. 2/8 (25%) nonrelapsers, but above 30 only in 6 subjects who remitted.
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PMID:Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase serum activities: their relation to the outcome of Graves' disease. 286 96

Previous studies with neutrophils from newborn infants compared to neutrophils from healthy adults have documented increased respiratory burst activity including enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity. To investigate the biochemical basis for these observations, we examined oxidative metabolism in membrane-rich fractions of neutrophils. Neutrophils from cord blood of vaginally delivered term infants or healthy adults were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation and subcellular fractions collected on discontinuous sucrose density gradients. Subcellular fractions of newborn neutrophils separated in a fashion identical with samples from healthy adults. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, a plasma membrane marker, was increased 4- to 5-fold in disrupted cells free from nuclei (postnuclear supernatant) as well as plasma membrane fractions from newborn samples compared to those from healthy adults. Content of lactoferrin, a specific granule marker, was decreased in postnuclear supernatants but equivalent in specific granule fractions of newborn cells compared to those from adults. No differences were noted in myeloperoxidase content of postnuclear supernatants or any other subcellular fraction. Plasma membrane fractions from phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated cord blood neutrophils made significantly more O2- than samples from adults (newborn 32.9 +/- 8.1 nmol O2-/min/mg protein mean +/- SEM, n = 3 versus adult 10.8 +/- 4.2, n = 3; p less than 0.05). Plasma membrane-rich fractions were also collected by the technique of differential centrifugation and kinetic parameters of the NADPH-dependent oxidase enzyme(s) were measured for vaginally delivered newborn and adult samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased activity of the respiratory burst in cord blood neutrophils: kinetics of the NADPH oxidase enzyme system in subcellular fractions. 302 58

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis were determined in 18 infants (birth weight, 2,810 +/- 135 g; gestational age, 37.4 +/- 0.5 weeks; mean +/- SEM) who received high or low Ca and P content (Ca, P) parenteral nutrition (PN) with a fixed, low dose of vitamin D (25 IU/dl). Nine infants were randomized into low (standard) Ca, P (20 mg Ca and 15.5 mg P/dl) and nine into high Ca, P (60-80 mg Ca and 46.5-62 mg P/dl) PN, and then were studied for up to 6 weeks. The high Ca, P group had stable serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], which consistently remained within the normal range (less than 116 pg/ml). Tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (TRP) also was stable and remained consistently less than 90%. The low Ca, P group had elevated and higher 1,25(OH)2D (p = 0.03) than the high Ca, P group. The mean serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration rose from 32 to 112, 115, and 133 pg/ml over a period of 6 weeks. TRP also was higher (p = 0.02) and remained consistently greater than 90%. There were no significant differences between groups in serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, Ca, Mg, P, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D binding protein, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations; urine Ca/creatinine and Mg/creatinine ratios, and fractional excretion of sodium (Na). Thus, a "high" Ca (60 mg/dl) and P (46.5 mg/dl) content in PN solutions can result in stable serum 1,25(OH)2D and TRP, presumably reflecting minimal stress to Ca and P homeostatic mechanisms without further increase in urinary Ca excretion.
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PMID:Parenteral nutrition for infants: effect of high versus low calcium and phosphorus content. 309 50

The adequacy of low dose vitamin D (25 IU/dl) parenteral nutrition (PN) solution was studied in 18 infants. All infants had surgical indications for PN. The birth weights were 2810 +/- 135 g and gestational ages 37.4 +/- 0.5 wk (mean +/- SEM). Duration of study ranged from 5 to 175 days. Thirteen infants were studied for up to 6 weeks and five infants for 71 to 175 days. Results showed that studied infants maintained growth along normal percentiles for weight, length, and head circumference. Vitamin D status as indicated by serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) rose from 15 +/- 1.9 ng/ml to 26 +/- 2.8 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM (p less than 0.001) after 9 days, and remained normal up to 6 months. Five infants with biochemical liver dysfunction also had normal serum 25 OHD concentrations, indicating the hepatic 25 hydroxylation process was not severely impaired. Serum total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D-binding protein concentrations were normal. Serum magnesium was mildly elevated in five infants (2.6 to 3 mg/dl) on one occasion and resolved spontaneously. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) concentrations rose above baseline values in 12 of 17 infants, but remained within normal range (less than 400 IU/liter at 30 degrees C). Another infant with markedly elevated AP values died from liver dysfunction. Radiographs of the forearms were normal except for marked demineralization in one infant in spite of normal 25 OHD concentrations. We conclude that 25 IU vitamin D/dl of nutrient infusate is adequate to maintain normal vitamin D status, as indicated by normal serum 25 OHD concentrations in infants receiving PN for as long as 6 months.
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PMID:Vitamin D requirement in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. 310 39

The effectiveness of synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) administered as a nasal spray was assessed via clinical, biological, and radiological variables in 17 previously untreated Pagetic patients over a 1-year course of therapy. The results showed a highly significant decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) (p less than 0.05 after 1 month of treatment) and of the urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (OH/Cr) (p less than 0.01 after 1 month of treatment). For the whole group, the mean decrease in S-ALP was 37 +/- 4% (SEM) after 6 months (p less than 0.01) and 31 +/- 5% after 1 year (p less than 0.01). The mean fall in OH/Cr was 35 +/- 6% (SEM) (p less than 0.01) and 37 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01) after 6 and 12 months, respectively. None of the usual side-effects of SCT were reported and local tolerance was excellent throughout the study.
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PMID:One year's treatment of Paget's disease of bone by synthetic salmon calcitonin as a nasal spray. 321 19

Severe, prolonged hypocalcemia in observed in some, but not all, hemodialysis patients after parathyroidectomy performed because of uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether calcitriol and calcium supplementation in the immediate period after parathyroidectomy (days 1-14) was of more help in the control of plasma calcium than calcium supplementation alone. Fourteen hemodialysis patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. From the day after parathyroidectomy, 7 patients received calcitriol and the remaining 7 a placebo using incremental doses adjusted to the degree of hypocalcemia (up to 4 micrograms/day for calcitriol). Plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels before parathyroidectomy were comparable in both patients groups, as was the lowest plasma calcium achieved after parathyroidectomy. The decrease in plasma calcium after parathyroidectomy was related to plasma alkaline phosphatase and to the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts on bone biopsy surface before parathyroidectomy. The mean decrement of plasma calcium (days 3-9) as compared to that before parathyroidectomy was less pronounced in calcitriol-treated than in placebo-treated patients (0.25 +/- 0.06 versus 0.45 +/- 0.05 mM, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.025). Treatment with placebo was interrupted before day 14 because of persistent severe hypocalcemia in 4 of 7 patients, whereas calcitriol treatment was continued in all 7 patients up to 14 days. Patients on calcitriol treatment required less mean calcium supplements (days 1-9) than patients receiving placebo (37.4 +/- 3.2 versus 49.4 +/- 3.7 g, p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of calcitriol in the control of plasma calcium after parathyroidectomy. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study in chronic hemodialysis patients. 329 16

To determine the factors associated with low-output left ventricular failure (LVF) in endstage renal disease (ESRD), we performed echocardiography and gated cardiac scan on 217 nondiabetic dialysis and transplant patients. The prevalence of low-output LVF (ejection fraction less than 55% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 5.5 cm) in dialysis patients was 18% and in transplant patients 2%. The 26 patients with LVF were compared to 52 controls without LVF, matched by age, sex and year of starting treatment for ESRD, but not for current ESRD therapy. Mean age was 55 +/- (SEM) 14 years; 73% of the patients in both groups were males. Duration of treatment for ESRD was 5.6 +/- 4.3 years in patients, compared to 5.1 +/- 4.1 years in controls. Significant differences between LVF patients and controls included current treatment (73% of cases were on hemodialysis and 8% were transplanted, compared to 48 and 42%; chi 2 = 9.9, p less than 0.01), high serum creatinine, smoking and high serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences for current blood pressure, proportion on treatment for hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, symptomatic ischemic heart disease, proportion with functioning vascular access, degree of weight gain between dialyses, hemoglobin level or high transfusion requirement. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated the most significant and independent variables associated with LVF were high alkaline phosphatase (suggestive of hyperparathyroidism), smoking and high serum creatinine levels (reflecting degree of uremia). Dialysis patients with LVF (n = 23) were compared to dialysis patients who had normal echocardiograms (n = 29).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low-output left ventricular failure in end-stage renal disease. 330 13


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