Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomized controlled study was performed to investigate the effect of 2 years' monitored diphenylhydantoin (DPH) therapy on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in non-epileptic, non-institutionalized subjects. Mean +/- SEM plasma 25-OHD of 18 DPH-treated subjects at the end of 2 years' drug treatment was 59 +/- 8 nmol/l (23.6 +/- 3.2 ng/ml), which was not decreased compared to that of eighteen control subjects (54 +/- 8 nmol/l, 21.6 +/- 3.2 ng/ml). In addition, mean plasma 25-OHD had not changed 1 month after ceasing DPH. The treated group had a higher mean serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) during DPH treatment, attributable to hepatic enzyme induction. It is concluded that therapeutic doses of DPH without other anticonvulsants do not have a clinically significant effect on plasma 25-OHD.
 ...
PMID:Chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy does not reduce plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D. 38 83

Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25[OH]D3) levels and other parameters of vitamin D nutriture were examined in 58 subjects aged 70 or more, living in Jerusalem. They were compared with those of 54 young adults living in the same neighbourhood. No evidence was obtained of a lower level of vitamin D nutriture in the elderly compared to younger adults. Serum 25 (OH)D3 of the elderly adults was 18.4 (SEM: 1.4) ng/ml and in the younger adults, 17.8 (1.0) ng/ml. There was no seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D3, nor could a strong association be found between reported vitamin D intake nor with exposure to sunshine. There was a negative correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase and the calcium-phosphorus product in serum. High values of alkaline phosphatase were associated with reported low exposure to sunlight and, in elderly persons, with a reported low consumption of vitamin D.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical parameters of vitamin D nutriture in old people in Jerusalem. 42 85

Following artificial ulceration of the guinea pig bladder epithelium, study by light microscopy showed that mitotic activity occurs within 24 hours in the basal layer of the remaining epithelium; which leads to thickening, disorganization and cell shedding. At the ulcer margin, the epithelium forms a rolled edge, from the extremity of which a two-layered sheet of flat cells grows over the edematous ulcer bed, and the ulcer site is protected during dilation of the bladder by localized muscle spasm. Healing is effected within about one week, as the mitotic activity declines. Organization of the new epithelium commences at the periphery and the cells acquire glycogen and alkaline phosphatase. Study by SEM, which included normal bladders, confirmed that new epithelium spreads from a rolled epithelial edge, and also showed that cells undergoing rejection have globular profiles with surface microvilli. The immature epithelial cells are markedly distorted from mutual pressure during migration and their surfaces show only short microvilli. Ulcers heal after four to seven days, depending on size, and the new cells rapidly assume the pentagonal and hexagonal outlines and the reticular pattern of surface ridges, characteristic of mature surface cells. The ridges apparently develop by fusion of rows of microvilli. By the tenth day it is difficult to identify the original ulcer site.
 ...
PMID:A study of light and scanning electron microscopy of the lining epithelium of the guinea pig bladder following artificial ulceration. 92 Jun 29

Renal bone disease is an important cause of morbidity in patients on dialysis. The prevalence of renal bone disease, especially aluminium related bone disease, has not been studied in the Singapore dialysis population. As such, we studied 45 haemodialysis patients for renal bone disease using biochemical and radiological parameters. Selected patients underwent a renal biopsy. There were 29 males and 16 females, mean (+/- SEM) age, 44.6 +/- 13.4 years. The duration of haemodialysis ranged from two months to ten years, mean 18.5 months. 75.4% of patients had hyperphosphatasemia, 24.4% had hypocalcemia and two patients had hypercalcemia. There was a wide range in the serum parathyroid hormone levels and 55.4% of patients had serum parathyroid hormone levels > 1000 pmol/L. Patients with symptoms and radiological abnormalities had significantly higher serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels than those without (P < 0.005). The desferrioxamine infusion test was positive, with an increment in serum aluminium (DL) > 100 mg/L in five patients. Skeletal survey was positive for renal bone disease in 24.4% of patients. There was a significant correlation between the serum parathyroid hormone level, DA1 and the duration of dialysis (r = 0.752, p < 0.001 and r = 0.837, p < 0.001 respectively). There was no correlation between serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate levels and DA1. The serum haemoglobin concentration and ferritin levels did not show a correlation with DA1. Bone biopsy revealed hyperparathyroid bone disease in two patients, aluminium-related bone disease in one patient and mixed uraemic osteodystrophy in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Renal bone disease in patients on haemodialysis: biochemical and radiological assessment. 129 14

1. We studied the changes in interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 premenopausal women after oophorectomy and seven premenopausal women who had undergone simple hysterectomy. 2. The results showed that 1 month after surgery interleukin-1 secretion increased by 414 +/- 171% (mean +/- SEM) and interleukin-6 secretion increased by 1354 +/- 481% in oophorectomized women, whereas only non-significant fluctuations in the secretion of both cytokines (-9% +/- 29% for interleukin-1 and -31% +/- 19% for interleukin-6) were seen in the women who had undergone simple hysterectomy. The difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.035 for interleukin-1 and P = 0.003 for interleukin-6). In addition, oophorectomy, but not simple hysterectomy, was followed by significant increases in plasma ionized calcium concentration (P < 0.05), plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01) and plasma osteocalcin concentration (P < 0.02), and a reduction in plasma parathyroid hormone level (P < 0.01). 3. We conclude that ovary ablation may modify cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. If this phenomenon occurs in the bone microenvironment, it could be important in the loss of bone observed after oophorectomy. However, the possibility of an independent alteration induced by the lack of gonadal hormones but unrelated to bone turnover cannot be excluded.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous release of interleukin-I and interleukin-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after oophorectomy. 133 Apr 14

Silicon in trace amounts enhances bone formation, and the silicon-containing compound zeolite A (ZA) increases eggshell thickness in hens. In the studies reported here, treatment of nearly homogeneous strains of normal human osteoblast-like cells for 48 h with ZA at 0.1-100 micrograms/ml induced a dose-dependent increase (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) in DNA synthesis (n = 31) to 162 +/- 16% (mean +/- SEM) of control and in the proportion of cells in mitosis (n = 4) from 9.1 +/- 1.8 to 27.0 +/- 4.5% (r = 0.69, P < 0.005). ZA treatment also increased alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) and osteocalcin release (P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect collagen production per individual cell. The mitogenic action of ZA was dependent on cell seeding density over the range of 1250-40,000 cells per cm2, which is consistent with induction of an autocrine factor(s). TGF-beta is a potent mitogen for osteoblasts. ZA treatment increased the steady-state mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and induced the release of the latent form of TGF-beta protein into the conditioned medium within 6 h. We conclude that ZA induces the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the osteoblast lineage.
 ...
PMID:Zeolite A increases proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta production in normal adult human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. 133 16

We examined the relationship between bone loss and several biochemical indices in 38 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Bone mineral density was reduced by 12 +/- 4.0% in the lumbar spine, 18 +/- 4.2% at the distal radius and 21 +/- 2.8% at the proximal radius (mean +/- SEM). There were significant negative correlations between the serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the Z-scores of the bone mineral content at the proximal and distal radius. In the lumbar spine, bone mineral density was greater in patients with mildly elevated PTH and less in patients whose PTH levels exceeded 8.6 pmol/l. We also observed a strong association between increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and low bone mineral Z-scores. Our data thus indicate that cortical and, with the exception of mild primary hyperparathyroidism, trabecular bone loss is proportional to the concentration of circulating PTH and the severity of PTH-induced bone turnover. For the individual patient, however, the usefulness of intact PTH and alkaline phosphatase measurements for assessing bone loss associated with primary hyperparathyroidism seems to be only limited.
 ...
PMID:Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase correlate with cortical and trabecular bone loss in primary hyperparathyroidism. 144 43

Intravenous calcitriol is known to directly suppress PTH secretion and release. We evaluated the effect of four months of treatment with low-dose intravenous calcitriol on PTH levels in 83 hemodialysis patients. The criteria for including patients in the study were a serum PTH levels at least four times the normal limit, a serum total calcium less than 10 mg/dl and good control of the serum phosphorus level. All patients underwent standard bicarbonate or acetate dialysis; dialysate calcium level was maintained at the usual 3.5 mEq/liter concentration. Initial calcitriol dose was 0.87 +/- 0.02 (SEM) micrograms (0.015 micrograms/kg body wt) thrice weekly at the end of dialysis, and it was reduced in case of hypercalcemia or elevated calcium-phosphate product. Seven out of 83 patients dropped out during treatment. Among the 76 patients who completed the study, 58 (76%) showed a highly significant decrease of intact PTH levels (average reduction 48%) and of alkaline phosphatase levels after four months of therapy. Total serum calcium increased slightly but significantly in the responder group but remained unchanged in the non-responders. No significant changes in ionized calcium levels could be detected, even in responders. Treatment was well tolerated by patients, but 60% of them had transient episodes of hyperphosphatemia. Mean serum phosphate was 4.95 mg/dl at the beginning of the study. It increased significantly after four months of treatment in patients who showed a decrease of PTH levels, although it remained within acceptable limits, below 5.5 mg/dl. Twenty-eight of 76 patients (37%) reduced the dose of calcitriol because their calcium-phosphate products exceeded 60.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Low-dose intravenous calcitriol treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Italian Group for the Study of Intravenous Calcitriol. 145 3

Two hundred eighty-four female adults (aged 40-70 years) were longitudinally studied to investigate the relationship between dietary supplemental vitamin A and serum biochemical markers of vitamin A toxicity. Serum retinol, retinyl esters, and retinol-binding protein (RBP), alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and bile acids were measured at baseline, 1 and 2 years. Fasting serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin A were assessed by 3-day food records. There was no difference in dietary vitamin A intake between supplement users and nonusers. In supplemental users, the mean +/- SEM supplemental vitamin A intake was 952 +/- 81 IU/day (range 250-5000 retinol equivalents/day). Serum retinol, retinyl esters, and RBP concentrations were not different between the two groups during the 2-year period. For each group, serum retinyl esters significantly increased over time (p < 0.03), but the magnitude of the increase was not different between the groups. Serum levels of retinol, retinyl esters, and RBP were not correlated with vitamin A intake or age in either group. Biochemical measures of liver damage (serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum bile acids) were not related to serum retinol, retinyl esters or RBP concentrations, nor were they different between nonusers and users of supplemental vitamin A. This study provides evidence that long-term supplemental vitamin A in doses commonly found in multivitamin supplements does not present a risk for hypervitaminosis A.
 ...
PMID:Lack of an effect of multivitamins containing vitamin A on serum retinyl esters and liver function tests in healthy women. 146 Jan 82

Pamidronate disodium (APD) given as a single 60 mg intravenous infusion over 24 hours was shown to be an effective treatment for Paget's disease of bone. To further improve the feasibility of a simple treatment that ensures compliance in elderly outpatients (pts), we investigated the effectiveness of a single 60 mg APD intravenous infusion given over 8 hours (12 pts), 4 hours (9 pts) and 1 hour (10 pts) compared with that over 24 hours (12 pts). Infusion rate of APD was 7.5, 15 and 60 mg/h respectively, in comparison with 2.5 mg/h previously. Clinical improvement and biochemical remission were observed in all patients. Side effects, limited to mild transient fever and local transient increase in bone pain, occurred in 9 patients (2-3 pts in each group). There was no difference in the fall of plasma alkaline phosphatase and of urinary hydroxyproline between the 4 infusion rates. Plasma alkaline phosphatase (U/l, mean +/- SEM) decreased from 263 +/- 34 to 110 +/- 8 (1 h infusion), from 251 +/- 26 to 102 +/- 9 (4 h), from 237 +/- 23 to 95 +/- 9 (8 h) and from 256 +/- 29 to 97 +/- 7 (24 h), from day 0 to day 180 respectively (all p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Moderate Paget's disease treated with pamidronate (APD): experience in 43 patients with a single 60 mg infusion of varying duration of 1-to-24 hours]. 847 64


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>