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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. We studied the changes in interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 premenopausal women after oophorectomy and seven premenopausal women who had undergone simple hysterectomy. 2. The results showed that 1 month after surgery interleukin-1 secretion increased by 414 +/- 171% (mean +/- SEM) and interleukin-6 secretion increased by 1354 +/- 481% in oophorectomized women, whereas only non-significant fluctuations in the secretion of both cytokines (-9% +/- 29% for interleukin-1 and -31% +/- 19% for interleukin-6) were seen in the women who had undergone simple hysterectomy. The difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.035 for interleukin-1 and P = 0.003 for interleukin-6). In addition, oophorectomy, but not simple hysterectomy, was followed by significant increases in plasma ionized calcium concentration (P < 0.05), plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01) and plasma osteocalcin concentration (P < 0.02), and a reduction in plasma parathyroid hormone level (P < 0.01). 3. We conclude that ovary ablation may modify cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. If this phenomenon occurs in the bone microenvironment, it could be important in the loss of bone observed after oophorectomy. However, the possibility of an independent alteration induced by the lack of gonadal hormones but unrelated to bone turnover cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Spontaneous release of interleukin-I and interleukin-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after oophorectomy. 133 Apr 14

Silicon in trace amounts enhances bone formation, and the silicon-containing compound zeolite A (ZA) increases eggshell thickness in hens. In the studies reported here, treatment of nearly homogeneous strains of normal human osteoblast-like cells for 48 h with ZA at 0.1-100 micrograms/ml induced a dose-dependent increase (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) in DNA synthesis (n = 31) to 162 +/- 16% (mean +/- SEM) of control and in the proportion of cells in mitosis (n = 4) from 9.1 +/- 1.8 to 27.0 +/- 4.5% (r = 0.69, P < 0.005). ZA treatment also increased alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) and osteocalcin release (P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect collagen production per individual cell. The mitogenic action of ZA was dependent on cell seeding density over the range of 1250-40,000 cells per cm2, which is consistent with induction of an autocrine factor(s). TGF-beta is a potent mitogen for osteoblasts. ZA treatment increased the steady-state mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and induced the release of the latent form of TGF-beta protein into the conditioned medium within 6 h. We conclude that ZA induces the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the osteoblast lineage.
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PMID:Zeolite A increases proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta production in normal adult human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. 133 16

Genetic factors are major determinants of adult bone density, however, it is unknown how these effects may be mediated. Since bone mineral density is the net result of bone formation and bone resorption we studied biochemical indices of bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and resorption [fasting urinary calcium:creatinine (Ca/Crt) and hydroxyproline:creatinine (OH/Crt)] in adult female twins; 39 monozygotic (MZ) and 31 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (age, mean +/- SEM, MZ: 51.1 +/- 1.5 yrs; DZ: 46.5 +/- 1.5 yrs, P = NS). Of these subjects, 18 MZ twin pairs and 10 DZ twin pairs were postmenopausal. The MZ twin pair correlations (rMZ) for each index of bone turnover exceeded that between DZ pairs (rDZ), but this difference was only significant for osteocalcin (rMZ = 0.81, rDZ = 0.21, P less than 0.001). Similarly, in the postmenopausal group examined alone, the rMZ (r = 0.84) for serum osteocalcin was significantly greater than rDZ (r = -0.003, P less than 0.03). These osteocalcin data imply that 80% of the variance in serum osteocalcin could be explained by genetic factors. Although genetic effects on fasting urinary hydroxyproline:creatine and calcium:creatinine were not demonstrable, these indices may be less precise and specific. The data indicate that circulating osteocalcin, and therefore bone formation, is strongly genetically determined. These studies suggest at least one of the mechanisms of the genetic effect on bone mass relates to the regulation of bone turnover.
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PMID:Genetic factors in bone turnover. 200 5

In experimental and clinical studies, conflicting results regarding the effect of oral anticoagulant therapy on bone metabolism have been reported. To measure a possible influence of long-term anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon on peripheral bone mass, measurements of peripheral bone mineral content (BMC) and serum osteocalcin levels were performed with single photon absorptiometry in a total of 78 patients on anticoagulant treatment. We studied 43 women (mean age 66 years +/- 2 SEM) and 35 men (mean age 65 years +/- 2 SEM) with a median duration of phenprocoumon therapy of 1 year (1-9 years). In all patients, the medical history gave no symptoms of metabolic bone disease, or diseases or medications causing osteoporosis. Both in the male and female groups, mean peripheral BMC was significantly decreased (male: P less than 0.01, female: P less than 0.003) when compared with corresponding controls. Serum OC-levels measured in 16 patients were also significantly lower than those of the controls (P less than 0.02). Our data of decreased BMC and low serum OC-levels indicate reduced bone mass in patients on long-term anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon. This may imply an influence of anticoagulants on bone metabolism resulting in decreased bone formation.
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PMID:Decreased peripheral bone mineral content in patients under anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon. 204 Mar 27

To investigate our impression that hypercalciuria is relatively common in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, we performed a retrospective study of data accumulated from our pediatric population with this skeletal disorder. Children with osteogenesis imperfecta (17 girls, 30 boys; mean (+/- SD) age 7.8 +/- 4.6 years; range 0.7 to 16.8 years) had undergone detailed inpatient evaluation of mineral homeostasis during periods of clinical stability and controlled dietary calcium intake. Hypercalciuria was found in 36% of the patients and averaged (+/- SEM) 6.1 +/- 0.3 mg/kg per 24 hours (0.15 +/- 0.01 mmol/kg per 24 hours) or 392 +/- 28 mg/gm of creatinine (1.10 +/- 0.07 mmol calcium/mmol creatinine) in the group with hypercalciuria. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, or dietary calcium intake (per kilogram of body weight) between the normocalciuric and hypercalciuric children. However, the group with hypercalciuria was shorter than the normocalciuric group and had a greater lifelong fracture rate. When patient height z scores were regressed against urinary calcium levels, a significant negative correlation was found in the group with hypercalciuria (r = -0.76; p less than 0.001). Although serum alkaline phosphatase activity was lower in the group with hypercalciuria, no difference was found between groups with regard to serum levels of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, or osteocalcin. The groups were also similar with respect to both their total body mineral density, as determined by dual-photon absorptiometry (n = 17), and their static indexes of bone formation and resorption, as assessed histomorphometrically with iliac crest specimens (n = 19). We conclude that hypercalciuria occurs frequently in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, and that its magnitude appears to reflect the severity of the skeletal disease.
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PMID:Hypercalciuria in children severely affected with osteogenesis imperfecta. 206 61

Cord clamping at birth leads to interruption of calcium (Ca) supply to the fetus. After birth, neonatal parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion appears stimulated by hypocalcemia, with serum PTH increasing after birth and peaking at 24 hours of age. This rise in PTH presumably leads to bone resorption and Ca release. We theorize that bone formation may also be affected and that a serum marker of bone formation, serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations, will decrease postnatally. OC is synthesized by osteoblasts and its serum concentrations are believed to reflect bone formation. We measured serum ionized Ca (iCa), PTH, and OC in cord blood and at 2 and 24 hours in 26 neonates born after uncomplicated pregnancies, labors, and deliveries. Serum iCa (mg/dl) decreased from 5.79 +/- 0.06 (cord, means +/- SEM) to 5.31 +/- 0.05 (2 hr), then to 4.89 +/- 0.05 (24 hr) (p less than 0.05). Serum PTH (microliter Eq/ml) increased from 35.9 +/- 4.3 (cord) to 41.7 +/- 4.0 (2 hr) (p = 0.1), and to 50.3 +/- 4.6 (24 hr) (p less than 0.01). Serum OC (ng/ml) decreased from 55.1 +/- 10.6 (cord), to 12.4 +/- 4.3 (2 hr) (p less than 0.01), then remained stable at 12.7 +/- 1.9 (24 hr). The change (cord minus 24 hr) in OC correlated inversely with the change in PTH over the first 24 hours of age (r = -0.42. p = 0.03). Therefore, there is a sudden decrease in an index of bone formation (i.e., serum OC) in the first 24 hours of life in which rising serum PTH may have had an impact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Postnatal changes in serum osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone concentrations. 221 95

The relationship between thyroid function and serum osteocalcin was studied in a population of 27 women with multinodular goitre and normal serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. Seven patients were found to have suppressed TSH levels (less than 0.1 mU/l) as measured by an immunoradiometric assay. Osteocalcin was statistically significantly correlated with serum free thyroxine (FT4), both in the total population and in the subpopulation of patients with TSH greater than or equal to 0.1 mU/l (r = 0.61; P less than 0.001, resp. r = 0.51; P less than 0.05). Mean (+/- SEM) serum osteocalcin and FT4 were higher in the patients with suppressed TSH than in those with TSH greater than or equal to 0.1 mU/l (10.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 7.1 +/- 0.6 micrograms/l; P less than 0.05, resp. 16.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 13.3 +/- 0.5 pmol/l; P less than 0.02). This study suggests that women with multinodular goitre who proceed to autonomous function are at risk of developing osteoporosis even when thyroid hormone concentrations are in the normal range.
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PMID:Is there a relationship between thyroid function and serum osteocalcin in women with multinodular goitre? A preliminary report. 221 27

The calcium (Ca) metabolism of established human lactation was studied in 40 adult women (mean age 32.4 years) who had been breast-feeding for 6 months (Lac) and in 40 age-matched controls (Con) using fasting urine and blood biochemistry and forearm single-photon bone mineral densitometry (BMD). Serial studies were performed up to 6 months after weaning in Lac women and repeated once in Con women. During lactation the significant findings were (1) a selective reduction (7.1%, P less than 0.03) in BMD at the ultradistal site containing 60% trabecular bone, but not at two more proximal, chiefly cortical bone sites; (2) increased bone turnover affecting bone resorption [fasting hydroxyproline excretion, Lac 2.22 +/- 0.12 mumol/liter GF (mean +/- SEM), Con 1.19 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.001] and affecting bone formation (plasma alkaline phosphatase, Lac 81.9 +/- 2.5 IU/liter, Con 53.5 +/- 2.7, P less than 0.001, and serum osteocalcin, Lac 14.0 +/- 0.7 microgram/liter, Con 7.3 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001); and (3) renal conservation in the fasting state of both Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) with a resultant moderate increase in plasma Pi but not in plasma Ca (total or ionized). There were no differences between the groups in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH, intact and midmolecule assays), 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, nephrogenous cyclic AMP production, or plasma creatinine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human lactation: forearm trabecular bone loss, increased bone turnover, and renal conservation of calcium and inorganic phosphate with recovery of bone mass following weaning. 234 75

Two female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) were investigated for alterations in skeletal metabolism during the annual antler growth cycle. During July and January, rib samples were obtained by biopsy after double tetracycline labeling for gravimetric, chemical, and histomorphometric analyses. Though antler length increased from 8 to 55 cm between April and September, body weight increased from only 56 to 77 kg. Rib bone density (g/cm3) increased from 1.39 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SEM) in July to 1.53 +/- 0.01 in January, and Ca content (mg/cm3) increased from 213 +/- 8 to 300 +/- 14, respectively. Histomorphometric data indicated that rib bones were more porous and active in July and had a higher turnover rate than did January samples. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin levels were significantly lower and estradiol levels were significantly higher in the January as opposed to the July samples. The data indicate that during antler growth, female reindeer undergo bone loss that corresponds to the changes in plasma calcemic hormones and estradiol levels. This bone loss is eventually repaired when antler growth stops.
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PMID:Bone metabolism during antler growth in female reindeer. 250 19

Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein released into the blood proportional to the rate of new born formation. It is widely accepted that the level of serum osteocalcin is a clinical marker of bone turnover. Nephrogenic cAMP is a specific indirect parameter of the biologically active parathyroid hormone. For analysis of bone metabolism during pregnancy, we measured the concentrations of osteocalcin and nephrogenic cAMP in the maternal serum during pregnancy and in the cord serum at delivery. Nephrogenic cAMP values (n mol/dl GF: mean +/- SEM) increased from the first trimester (1.5 +/- 0.21) to the term (2.11 +/- 0.11). Osteocalcin values (ng/ml: mean +/- S.D.) conversely declined from the first trimester (3.17 +/- 1.66) until the term (1.48 +/- 0.71) and acutely increased in the puerperium (5.91 +/- 2.58). These results might indicate that pregnancy induces a state of secondary hyperparathyroidism, but bone turnover is suppressed. In the cases of uncomplicated deliveries, the concentration of osteocalcin in the umbilical vein was significantly higher than that in the cord artery. This result suggests that a protein immunologically reactive to the osteocalcin antibody might be produced in the human placenta.
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PMID:[Dynamic changes in serum osteocalcin levels in the perinatal periods]. 255 2


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