Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In view of the limitations associated with the present tumor markers for prostate cancer, we have examined the potential expression of two further markers, Cathepsin-D and pS2, in human prostate and attempted to link their concentrations with the histopathology of the tissue, the PSA levels and the androgenic status of the gland. Cathepsin-D and pS2 were measured in cytosol fractions obtained from 22 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 20 patients with prostate cancer (CaP) employing immunoassays specific for these markers. The concentrations of Cathepsin-D (BPH: mean +/- SEM = 18.50 +/- 1.88 nmol/g protein; CaP = 19.75 +/- 2.49 nmol/g protein) and pS2 (BPH = 1,024.7 +/- 348.06 ng/g protein; CaP = 1,513.88 +/- 268.60 ng/g protein) were not different in the two tissue types, whereas PSA in BPH tissue (1,952.27 +/- 249.93 micrograms/g protein) was significantly higher than the measurements in CaP (583.75 +/- 104.33 micrograms/g protein). However, none of the tumor marker concentrations correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumors, and we were unable to establish any correlation with the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the tissue. In conclusion, although Cathepsin-D and pS2 are expressed in prostate tissue, it is doubtful whether they will have an active role in the management of prostate cancer.
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PMID:The distribution of PSA, cathepsin-D, and pS2 in BPH and cancer of the prostate. 127 46

We retrospectively evaluated 51 prostate cancer patients found to have pelvic lymph node metastases at the time of pelvic lymphadenectomy and 125I implantation. All of them were followed until death or for a minimum of 70 months. Rabbit polyclonal anti-PSA, anti-PAP, anti-PSP-94, and mouse TURP-27 monoclonal antibodies were used in immunohistochemical evaluation of the metastatic lesions. In addition, Gleason grade and ploidy were assessed and correlated. No tumor with a Gleason grade of less than 7 could be found in the metastatic lymph nodes. Time to progression (P = .003), disease-specific survival (P = .009), and overall survival (P = .003) were significantly shorter in patients whose tumors had a primary Gleason pattern of 5 (grade 9 or 10). In the PSA study, patients whose tumors were reactive in more than 75% of cancer cells experienced significantly longer survival than those with less than 75% of cancer cells expressing PSA (P = .0006 log rank test). The means of overall survival +/- SEM were 71.5 +/- 5.0 and 34.9 +/- 5.4 months, respectively. Similar correlations were found with disease-specific survival and time to progression. Patterns of PAP expression and TURP-27 reactivity were not prognostically useful, whereas PSP-94 expression may add some additional information. These data suggest that evaluation of tissue PSA heterogeneity in lymph node metastases may offer additional prognostic information on prostate cancer patients. Better prediction of individual prognosis may be possible with the combined use of Gleason grade, flow cytometry, and PSA expression.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of antigenic heterogeneity, Gleason grade, and ploidy of lymph node metastases in patients with prostate cancer. 137 12

The effects of four retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), R0 10-1670 (etretin) and the arotinoid, R0 15-0778, on fibroblast proliferation and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) secretion in vitro were studied. Fibroblasts lines cultured from normal skin (HSF) were compared with those from lesional (PSA) and non-lesional (PSB) psoriatic skin. In general, the retinoids inhibited proliferation; the action was cytostatic, in rank order tretinoin greater than isotretinoin greater than etretin greater than arotinoid. The psoriatic cells tended to be more sensitive than the HSF lines, overall mean proliferation values (+/- SEM), as a percentage of untreated controls being: HSF 72 ++- 3, PSA 61 +/- 3 and PSB 54 +/- 3. Stimulation of GAG secretion at low concentrations (10(-7) M) of all four retinoids, declined as concentrations increased, and secretion was inhibited at 10(-4)M in PSB fibroblasts. Calculation of effects on GAG secretion due to changes in cell density confirmed the rank order for direct stimulation of secretion as arotinoid greater than etretin greater than isotretinoin greater than tretinoin. Electrophoresis of [3H]-labelled glycosaminoglycans secreted in the presence of 10(-7) M arotinoid showed that it was predominantly hyaluronic acid, as in untreated cells. These data confirm that different retinoids have contrasting levels of effects on mesenchymal cells and suggest a greater sensitivity to drugs in fibroblasts from psoriatic skin.
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PMID:Proliferation and glycosaminoglycans secretion in fibroblasts from psoriatic skin: differential responses to retinoids. 296 63

The nephric duct of the chick embryo starts to form at about stage 10 of Hamburger and Hamilton ([1951] J. Morphol. 88:49-92) and extends posteriorly, fusing with the cloaca at about the end of the third day of incubation (HH stage 17). Evidence from the literature suggests that the extension involves active migration of the posterior tip. This investigation concerned some molecules that might control this migration: fibronectin, vitronectin, the beta 1 integrin receptor, and NCAM polysialic acid. The concentration of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix was found by immunocytochemistry to be negligible at the posterior end of the duct; treatment of the living embryo with GRGDS failed to halt further extension of the duct; SEM examination of embryos treated with the synthetic peptides of fibronectin GRGDS, GRDGS, SDGR, and GRGES, or with vitronectin, revealed negligible morphological effects on the duct. It is concluded that there is yet no evidence that fibronectin is an important factor in duct migration. NCAM polysialic acid had a similar distribution to fibronectin, but treatment of the living embryo with Endo-N caused cessation of extension of the duct. Endo-N is an enzyme that specifically degrades PSA without affecting the NCAM polypeptide itself. It is suggested therefore that PSA may play an important role in duct extension. The synthetic peptides of fibronectin each produced distinctive patterns of blebbing on the surfaces of cells in trunk mesoderm, but the duct cells were unaffected. GRGES and SDGR caused blebbing on cells in the somites and the anterior segmental plate, though not on cells in the posterior segmental plate. This suggests that integrin receptors change in the anterior segmental plate as the mesoderm forms somites from somitomeres.
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PMID:Posterior extension of the chick nephric (Wolffian) duct: the role of fibronectin and NCAM polysialic acid. 754 37

Monoclonal antibody (HS-63) raised in mice against human ejaculated sperm, polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against the cognate mouse testicular antigen (MSA-63; or Fab) and polyclonal antibodies raised in the rabbit against recombinant fusion proteins (GST-63) showed acrosomal localization in permeabilized rhesus monkey and human ejaculated sperm. Tail localization of the cognate primate sperm antigen (PSA-63) was also seen with intact MSA-63 antibodies and Fab fragments. The ability of these antibodies to inhibit sperm binding to the zona pellucida was measured with hemizona binding assays (HZAs). HS-63 (1.2 mg/ml) inhibited rhesus monkey sperm binding (mean +/- SEM) to homologous hemizonae (treatment, 15.5 +/- 3.3; control, 58.9 +/- 9.4; P < 0.025), whereas comparable concentrations of protein from nonimmunized mouse preparations were inactive (ascites fluid, 67.6 +/- 43.5; no ascites fluid, 72.0 +/- 44.6). Intact MSA-63 antibodies inhibited (up to 99%) monkey sperm-zona binding in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition in this case by intact MSA-63 antibody was limited to capacitated sperm. Similarly, intact MSA-63 antibodies inhibited (up to 85%) human sperm binding to homologous zonae in an antibody concentration-dependent manner. Fab fragments derived from MSA-63, when present in insemination mixtures (0.5 mg/ml), inhibited (P < 0.01) primate sperm binding to homologous hemizonae (monkey, 9.6 +/- 3; human sperm 9.4 +/- 2) compared with matched hemizona controls (monkey, 117 +/- 29; human, 20.4 +/- 3). Furthermore, rhesus monkey sperm-zona binding was reduced by 84% in the presence of rabbit anti-GST-63 antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Functional characterization of the primate sperm acrosomal antigen (PSA-63). 853 49

Compomers are a new class of materials reportedly having the anticariogenicity and the bonding ability to metals similar to glass ionomers while maintaining the high esthetic qualities of composite resins. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the shear bond strength and fracture pattern of a compomer (Dyract) to stainless steel crowns (SSCs) using different mechanical and chemical retention procedures for possible future development of a chair-side technique of producing esthetic SSCs. Thirty-two Unitek SSCs, divided into four groups, were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin so that the resulting specimen has the crown's flat lingual surface projecting above and parallel to the top surface of the acrylic resin block. Dyract was placed in transparent nylon cylinders (3 x 3 mm) and bonded to SSC's surfaces directly (group 1) or following sandblasting of the SSCs (group 2). In group 3, Dyract was bonded to stainless steel lingual cleats that were previously spot-welded to the SSCs. In group 4, Dyract was bonded to sandblasted SSC's surfaces using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus dental adhesive. Specimens were placed in deionized water for 1 hr at 37 degrees C. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The mean (SD) shear bond strengths in MPa for groups 1-4 respectively were as follows: 2.998 (1.381), 9.518 (2.464), 13.909 (1.653), and 9.372 (3.723). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range tests revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.00001). While no significant difference was found between groups 2 and 4 in which Dyract-PSA prime/adhesive and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus dental adhesive were used, group 3 had significantly higher shear bond strength than other groups. Stereoscopic and SEM examinations revealed adhesive and mixed bond failures. It is concluded that the bond strength of Dyract to SSCs could be enhanced significantly by applying simple mechanical means of retention that could be available in dental offices.
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PMID:An in vitro comparison of four surface preparation techniques for veneering a compomer to stainless steel. 920 Jan 99

Silver-coated poly(methyl acrylic acid) (PSA) core-shell colloid particles were prepared by an in situ chemical reduction method. Crystalline silver/titania composite hollow spheres were obtained by coating the as-prepared PSA/silver particles with an amorphous titania layer and subsequently calcining in Ar atmosphere. SEM and TEM investigation indicated that the size of the as-prepared PSA/silver and PSA/silver/TiO(2) core-shell particles and silver/titania composite hollow particles was fairly uniform and the wall thickness of the hollow spheres was in the range of 40-80 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra were recorded to investigate their optical properties.
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PMID:Preparation and characterization of silver/TiO2 composite hollow spheres. 1502 96

Poly(octadecanoic anhydride) (POA) has been prepared by melt polycondensation of octadecanoic diacid. POA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The results of in vitro degradation and SEM micrographs show that the erosion process of POA is neither bulk nor perfect surface erosion but rather has elements of both in phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C. The moving erosion front is characteristic of surface erosion whereas the remaining porous shell stems from bulk erosion. While a significant special degradation property of POA is that POA presents a very slow degradation rate in acidic condition (pH 5.98), only 1.64% weight loss for 20 days, and it completely degrades after 18 days in basic buffer (pH 7.4). Comparing with poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSA), POA has the higher crystallization degree, and the slower hydrolytic rate.
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PMID:Characterization and in vitro degradation of poly(octadecanoic anhydride). 1757 35

The increased expression of VCAM-1 on endothelial segments within plaque regions could be used as a target to deliver polymeric drug carriers selectively to sites of atherosclerosis. We probed the hypothesis that polymeric particles conjugated with a ligand for VCAM-1 exhibit selective and avid adhesion to sites of atherosclerosis. Particles made from polystyrene or the biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic acid)-block-polyethylene glycol (PSA-PEG) were conjugated with an antibody to VCAM-1 (alpha-VCAM-1) or IgG (negative control). The particles were injected into the jugular vein of ApoE(-/-) (a murine model of atherosclerosis) or wild type mice and their adhesion to the aorta determined. alpha-VCAM-1 particles exhibited significantly greater adhesion to ApoE(-/-) mouse aorta [32 +/- 5 (mean +/- SEM) particles/mm(2) for polystyrene particles and 31 +/- 7 particles/mm(2) for PSA-PEG particles] compared to the level of adhesion to wild type mouse aorta (18 +/- 1 particles/mm(2) for polystyrene particles and 6 +/- 1 particles/mm(2) for PSA-PEG particles). Within ApoE(-/-) mice, the alpha-VCAM-1 particles exhibited significantly greater adhesion to the aorta (32 +/- 5 particles/mm(2) for polystyrene particles and 31 +/- 7 particles/mm(2) for PSA-PEG particles) compared to the adhesion of IgG particles (1 +/- 1 particles/mm(2) for polystyrene particles and 2 +/- 1 particles/mm(2) for PSA-PEG particles). Detailed analysis of the adhesion revealed that alpha-VCAM-1 particles exhibited focal adhesion to plaque regions, in particular the periphery of the plaques, within the ApoE(-/-) mouse aorta. Combined the data demonstrate that polymeric particles conjugated with a ligand to VCAM-1 exhibit selective, avid and focal adhesion to sites of atherosclerosis providing strong evidence that VCAM-1 ligand bearing polymeric particles could be used for targeting drugs selectively to atherosclerotic tissue.
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PMID:Polymeric particles conjugated with a ligand to VCAM-1 exhibit selective, avid, and focal adhesion to sites of atherosclerosis. 1842 14

This work considers the oxidation of ammonia (NH(3)) by selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) over a Pt-Pd-Rh cordierite monolith catalyst in a tubular fixed-bed flow quartz reactor (TFBR) at temperatures between 423 and 623K. A Pt-Pd-Rh cordierite monolith catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with aqueous solutions of H(2)PtCl(6), Pd(NO(3))(3) and Rh(NO(3))(3) that were coated on cordierite substances. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, PSA and SEM. The experimental results show that around 99.0% NH(3) removal was achieved during catalytic oxidation over the Pt-Pd-Rh cordierite monolith catalyst at 623K with oxygen content of 4%. N(2) was the main product in the NH(3)-SCO process over the Pt-Pd-Rh cordierite monolith catalyst. These results also verify that the Pt-Pd-Rh metals on cordierite monolith surfaces, resulting in the formation of catalytically active sites at the metal-support interface in the reduction of NH(3) in the process.
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PMID:Characterization and performance of Pt-Pd-Rh cordierite monolith catalyst for selectivity catalytic oxidation of ammonia. 2045 19


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