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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA-) axis are considered to be of physiological and clinical relevance in regulating spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion. To further investigate interdependencies between both systems, we studied the effects of adrenocorticotropin [ACTH(1-24)] and human corticotropin-releasing hormone (h-CRH) upon spontaneous GH secretion in 10 male volunteers. Administration of 1 microgram ACTH (1-24), 10 micrograms h-CRH or saline (control: CTL) every hour from 9.00 to 6.00 p.m. resulted in significant differences of cortisol secretion during the entire observation period (8.00 a.m.-3.00 a.m.) between the three groups (p less than 0.001, Friedman two-way ANOVA). Mean area under the time course curve (AUC) values (+/- SEM) for cortisol expressed as ng x 1,000 x min/ml showed also significant differences between the three treatments from 8.00 a.m. to 3.00 a.m.: CTL 64.0 +/- 6.4, ACTH(1-24) 178.5 +/- 9.4 (p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon test), h-CRH 88.5 +/- 5.6 (p less than 0.01). The main portion of cortisol was released during daytime from 8.00 a.m. to 11.00 p.m., where the most significant differences in the AUC values emerged: CTL 59.6 +/- 5.8, ACTH(1-24) 171.5 +/- 8.8 (p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon test), h-CRH 80.2 +/- 5.1 (p less than 0.01). With regard to GH secretion, significant differences became obvious between the three treatments during daytime from 8.00 a.m. to 11.00 p.m. and the sleep-related period from 11.00 p.m. to 3.00 a.m. (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, Friedman two-way ANOVA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of human corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin upon spontaneous growth hormone secretion. 174 61

Ninety-five patients (63 male, 32 female), age 45 +/- 2 years (mean +/- SEM) with chronic renal failure of varied aetiology were randomized to receive either a conventional low protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day protein, 800 mg phosphate; n = 33), a low phosphate diet (providing approximately 1000 mg phosphate plus an orally administered phosphate binder, minimum protein intake 0.8 g/kg/day; n = 30) or to control (minimum protein intake 0.8 g/kg/day, no phosphate restriction; n = 32). Patients were reviewed for a minimum of 6 months before randomization and were withdrawn from the study if plasma creatinine exceeded 900 mumol/l, plasma phosphate was greater than 2.0 mmol/l or at the onset of uraemic symptoms. Following randomization patients were studied for an average of 19 +/- 3 months. Mean plasma creatinine rose from 398 +/- 33 to 600 +/- 50 mumol/l. Dietary protein intake was estimated at 0.69 +/- 0.02 g/kg/day in the low protein group, 1.02 +/- 0.05 in the low phosphate and 1.14 +/- 0.05 in the controls, phosphate intake was 815 +/- 43, 1000 +/- 47, and 1315 +/- 57 mg/day, respectively. Urinary urea excretion and protein catabolic rates were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) only in those on protein restriction, at 213 +/- 9 mmol/24 hours and 0.71 g/kg/day, respectively. Phosphate excretion was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in both the low protein group (17.9 +/- 0.8 mmol/24 hours) and the low phosphate group (18.6 +/- 1.0 mmol/24 hours) compared to controls. Changes in body weight, muscle mass and serum transferrin, albumin and immunoglobulins were comparable between the groups. Mean blood pressure following randomization was 150/89 +/- 3/1 (low protein), 148/87 +/- 3/1 (low phosphate) and 146/87 +/- 3/1 (controls). Progression of renal failure was analysed by rate of all of creatinine clearance (ml/min/1.73 m2/month), by rate of deterioration derived from reciprocal plasma creatinine against time plots (1/mmol/year) and to assess individual patient's response to treatment by two phase linear regression ('breakpoint') analysis of reciprocal plasma creatinine/time plots. Progression was analysed only in patients seen for at least 3 months following randomization. The rate of fall of creatinine clearance was not significantly different between the groups (ANOVA): 0.56 +/- 0.08 ml/min/1.73 m2/month (low protein, n = 28), 0.44 +/- 0.07 (low phosphate, n = 23) and 0.69 +/- 0.11 (control, n = 27).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Failure of dietary protein and phosphate restriction to retard the rate of progression of chronic renal failure: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. 180 Oct 57

We tested the hypothesis that the decrease in the thyroid state, with age, contributes to the age-related increase in myocardial responsiveness to cardiac glycosides. Thyroid hormone levels (reflecting the thyroid state): total T4 (microgram/dl) and total T3 (ng/dl) in the 3 groups of guinea pigs were (mean +/- SEM): adults (3 months old): less than 1.0 and 22.6 +/- 1.1; euthyroid newborns (0-5 days old): 3.9 +/- 0.4 and 56.5 +/- 11.9; hypothyroid newborns, (0-5 days old): 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 26.5 +/- 9.8. In euthyroid newborns, T4 and T3 levels were significantly higher than in adults (p less than 0.01 for T4 and p less than 0.05 for T3) and in hypothyroid newborns (p less than 0.05). Isometric twitch was recorded from right ventricular papillary muscles by means of a force transducer. Ouabain 10(-6) M increased isometric twitch tension in adults (tension = 0.66 +/- 0.18 g/mm2) by 123.6 +/- 18.2%, in euthyroid newborns (tension = 0.19 +/- 0.04 g/mm2) by 83.6 +/- 14.5%, and in hypothyroid newborns (tension = 0.12 +/- 0.01 g/mm2) by 170.9 +/- 33.8% (p less than 0.01). Ouabain dose-response curve in the range of 10(-7) M-0.5 x 10(-5) M was significantly different (compared by two-way ANOVA) between euthyroid newborns and hypothyroid newborns (p less than 0.01), and between euthyroid newborns and adults (p less than 0.01). Toxic effects of ouabain reflected by the generation of aftercontractions were also age related and were augmented by hypothyroidism in newborns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of thyroid state in age-dependent cardiac effects of ouabain in guinea pigs. 181 26

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on resin-to-enamel bonding produced by warm air from a hair dryer, and to correlate changes in resin bond strength with resin tag structure. Herculite-XR resin composite and Bondlite bonding resin were used. The three technique variables were the type of air used for drying, air dryer distance, and drying and spreading time. Control samples were dried and the bonding resin spread with a dental air syringe, whereas warm air from a hair dryer was used on the experimental samples. The bond strength (MPa) was determined in shear at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Following bond strength evaluation, the teeth were immersed in 10% HCl for enamel dissolution and the resin tag structure was examined with the SEM. ANOVA analyses of shear bond strengths were performed. Warm air-drying and spreading for 15 seconds at 6 cm and 5 seconds at 6 cm respectively, produced statistically greater shear bond strengths (x = 20.4 +/- 4.4 MPa, P less than 0.05). The other drying time/distance combinations, including the control (x = 14.4 +/- 3.3 MPa), were not statistically different. Differences in resin tag structure were qualitatively evident under the SEM, with sharp tags produced by the warm air-drying and spreading techniques, compared to the blunt tags created by syringe air-drying and spreading. Warm air-drying and spreading significantly improved the bond strength. No apparent correlation exists between bond strength and tag length.
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PMID:Effects of warm air-drying and spreading on resin bonding. 181 49

Amiodarone (Cordarone) has been proven to be useful in the management of atrial fibrillation. However, because of a large iodine content, this drug is not used in this complication of thyrotoxicosis. We previously have observed a greater fall in serum T3 and T4 concentrations in hyperthyroid patients treated with amiodarone and methimazole than with methimazole alone. In the present study, we determined whether the addition of amiodarone to propylthiouracil (PTU) could improve the levels of circulating thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients, and we assessed the release of iodide from amiodarone by measuring the 24 h urinary iodine excretion. Twelve hyperthyroid patients were treated either with PTU, 600 mg daily for 10 days (group PTU), or with amiodarone (A), 1200 mg daily for 3 days in addition to PTU (group A-PTU). Basal serum T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations (mean +/- SEM) were respectively 206 +/- 13 nmol/L, 5.13 +/- 0.8 nmol/L, and 81 +/- 7 ng/dL for group PTU and 238 +/- 39 nmol/L, 4.73 +/- 1.06 nmol/L, and 84 +/- 12 ng/dL for group A-PTU (NS). In group A-PTU, plasma amiodarone peaked on day 3 (mean +/- SEM: 0.48 +/- 0.11 mg/L), and urinary iodine reached 5.27 +/- 1.28 mg/day on day 5. The fall in serum T3 and the increase in serum rT3 concentrations were significantly greater in group A-PTU than in group PTU (ANOVA, p less than 0.05). In group A-PTU, the minimal serum T3 concentration was observed on day 5 of treatment (28 +/- 6% of the pretreatment values).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of amiodarone on serum T3 and T4 concentrations in hyperthyroid patients treated with propylthiouracil. 184 29

Microelectrode multi-unit recordings of muscle nerve sympathetic activity, primarily involved in blood pressure regulation, were made from the right peroneal nerve in 10 healthy subjects during exposure to cold inside a box used for hypothermic surgery. Blood pressure was monitored by an automatic cuff applied to the left arm. Heart activity (ECG) and the temperature inside the box were monitored. Muscle nerve sympathetic activity outflow and blood pressure were stable during 15 minutes initial rest at 22.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C (mean +/- SEM). All subjects increased muscle nerve sympathetic activity and blood pressure with lowering of ambient temperature. The box temperature was 10.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C at the end of the cooling period. With rewarming the changes in muscle nerve sympathetic activity and blood pressure were reversed. Mean outflows of muscle nerve sympathetic activity during initial rest, final phase of cooling period, and post-rewarming were 20.3 +/- 2.7, 26.6 +/- 3.2 and 20.2 +/- 2.8 burst min-1, respectively. Systolic blood pressure during the same periods was 118 +/- 3, 131 +/- 4 and 120 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively, whereas corresponding values for diastolic blood pressure were 73 +/- 2, 82 +/- 2 and 75 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.001 for all variables; (ANOVA). It is concluded that muscle nerve sympathetic activity, while not regarded as being involved in body temperature regulation, is under the influence of ambient temperature and contributes to blood pressure elevation in a cold environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low ambient temperature increases baroreflex-governed sympathetic outflow to muscle vessels in humans. 187 69

Pleural fluid and serum soluble Interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) were measured by an enzyme-immunoassay in 13 patients with tuberculous pleurisy, in 28 patients with carcinomatous pleurisy and in 17 transudates from patients with congestive heart failure. Significantly higher values of sIL-2R were observed in exudative than in transudative (mean +/- SEM = 713 +/- 111 U/ml) pleural fluid samples, the highest being found in tuberculous (3777 +/- 501 U/ml) and the intermediate in carcinomatous exudates (1981 +/- 160 U/ml) (p less than 0.0001; on way ANOVA). Serum sIL-2R were significantly higher in carcinomatous and transudative groups than in age- and sex- matched controls (p less than 0.002; one way ANOVA), while there was no significant difference between the tuberculous group and controls. The pleural/serum sIL-2R ratio was significantly higher in tuberculous (5.32 +/- 0.60), than in carcinomatous pleurisy (2.67 +/- 0.20) and higher still than in transudates (0.76 +/- 0.10) (p less than 0.001; one way ANOVA). In conclusion, the pleura/serum sIL-2R ratio may be a helpful parameter in differentiating tuberculous from carcinomatous pleurisy and an additional confirmatory one for distinguishing transudates from exudates.
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PMID:Pleural fluid and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptors in pleural effusions. 188 73

The objective of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of dental amalgam bonded to dentin with adhesives. Four groups of 15 permanent posterior teeth were used in this study. The occlusal enamel of the teeth was removed to produce a flat dentin surface. The teeth were embedded in phenolic rings with acrylic resin. Vinyl polysiloxane ring molds 4 mm thick with 4.5 mm circular openings were attached to the exposed dentin surface. Adhesives applied to the dentin surfaces prior to amalgam placement and condensation included: Amalgambond, a 4-META/TBB-MMA, HEMA based system (A), Panavia EX, a modified phosphate ester of Bis-GMA luting system (P), and Ketac-Cem, a glass ionomer luting cement (K). A dentin bonding agent and composite resin restoration system (Scotchbond 2/Silux Plus) was included for comparison. The specimens were stored in 37 degrees C water for 7 days prior to testing. Shear bond tests were done in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.02 inches per minute. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at 5% level of significance. The differences in shear bond strengths of the four test groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.115). Fracture patterns of the bonded amalgams, examined by SEM, were adhesive in appearance for Groups A and K and cohesive for Group P.
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PMID:Shear bond strength of dental amalgam bonded to dentin. 190 Jun 93

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the ventilatory threshold (Thv) would give the maximal lactate steady state ([la]ss, max), which was defined as the highest work rate (W) attained by a subject without a progressive increase in blood lactate concentration [la]b at constant intensity exercise. Firstly, 8 healthy men repeated ramp-work tests (20 W.min-1) on an electrically braked cycle ergometer on different days. During the tests, alveolar gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath, and the W at Thv (WThv) was determined. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that the coefficient of variation of a single WThv determination was 2.6%. Secondly, 13 men performed 30-min exercise at WThv (Thv trial) and at 4.9% above WThv (Thv + trial), which corresponded to the 95% confidence interval of the single determination. The [la]b was measured at 15 and 30 min from the onset of exercise. The [la]b at 15 min (3.15 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.14) and at 30 min (2.95 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.18) were not significantly different in Thv trial. However, the [la]b of Thv + trial significantly increased (P less than 0.05) from 15 min (3.62 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.36) to 30 min (3.91 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.40). These results indicate that Thv gives the [la]ss, max, at which one can perform sustained exercise without continuous [la]b accumulation.
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PMID:The ventilatory threshold gives maximal lactate steady state. 191 33

We have studied the serum growth hormone (GH) response to two consecutive doses of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) (50, 100, 200 micrograms) given 1, 2 or 3 h apart in seven adult males. The serum GH profile was analysed by deconvulution incorporating a variable half-life for GH. All three doses of GHRH stimulated maximal GH secretion: 50 micrograms, 146.0 mU/min (SEM 24.0); 100 micrograms, 128.1 mU/min (SEM 14.3); 200 micrograms, 134.1 mU/min (SEM 20.5) (one-way ANOVA, P = NS). The magnitude of the second secretory burst after the second dose of GHRH was less than that induced by the first injection of GHRH, particularly when doses of 200 micrograms were used. Factors influencing the response to the second dose were the GH secretory status at the point that the stimulus was applied and the time interval between administration of the first and second doses. These studies demonstrate that the pituitary gland is capable of responding to two consecutive doses of GHRH although the second response is always less than the first. The data demonstrate the importance of using methods of assessing GH secretion and not relying simply on measured serum GH concentration values.
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PMID:The pituitary gland is capable of responding to two successive doses of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) 193 35


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