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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method for estimating the concentration of spermatozoa in the rat cauda epididymidis is described. Treatment of a sperm suspension with 0.05% collagenase for 20-60 min or 0.025% trypsin for 1-2 min at 34-37 degrees C was found to result in consistently homogeneous sperm. Sperm concentration ranged from 152.5 to 230.0 X 10(7) spermatozoa/ml, with a mean of 187.7 (+/- 5.6 SEM) X 10(7) spermatozoa/ml.
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PMID:A method for estimating the concentration of spermatozoa in the rat cauda epididymidis. 283 33

The gene encoding outer capsid protein VP3 of subpopulations of two animal rotaviruses, simian SA11 and Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV), was analyzed. Two laboratory strains of simian SA11 rotavirus (SA11-SEM and SA11-FEM) differed with respect to VP3. This dimorphism was indicated by a difference in electrophoretic mobility and a difference in reactivity with anti-VP3 monoclonal antibodies. The overall VP3 amino acid homology between the two SA11 VP3 proteins was 82.7%, whereas the VP3 protein of SA11-FEM was 98.5% homologous in amino acid sequence to NCDV VP3, suggesting that SA11-FEM VP3 was derived by gene reassortment in the laboratory during contamination with a bovine rotavirus. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the VP3 of two virulent NCDV strains and an attenuated NCDV strain (RIT 4237), revealed only five amino acid differences which were scattered throughout the protein but did not involve the trypsin cleavage sites. Of interest, the VP3 of the standard strain of NCDV which is virulent for cows differed in only one amino acid (position 23, Gln to Lys) from the VP3 of an NCDV mutant which was attenuated both for cows and for children.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of the VP3 gene of divergent strains of the rotaviruses simian SA11 and bovine Nebraska calf diarrhea virus. 284 21

Extracted human deciduous teeth undergoing physiological root resorption were fixed with a mixture of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde and processed for scanning (SEM) and analytical transmission electron microscopy, as well as acid trimetaphosphatase cytochemistry. The granulated tissues, which are rich in multinucleated odontoclasts and capillary vessels, formed various resorption lacunae on the resorbing dentin surfaces. SEM observations of dentin surfaces treated with sodium hypochlorite revealed two types of resorption lacunae: deep, round lacunae in which the peritubular matrix of dentinal tubules was strongly dissolved; and shallow, irregular lacunae with intact peritubular matrix. In trypsin-treated materials, the resorption surfaces were characterized by the presence of numerous collagen fibers in both the peritubular and intertubular matrices, suggesting demineralization of the surface dentin. Odontoclasts were characterized by the presence of abundant mitochondria, perinuclear stacks of Golgi membranes, various lysosomes, numerous endocytotic vacuoles, and a well-developed ruffled border against the resorption lacunae. Most endocytotic vacuoles were distributed in the cytoplasm between the ruffled border and the nuclei. In undemineralized ultrathin sections, the surface dentin of resorption lacunae consisted of collagen fibers and apatite crystals and had a lower packing density than those in unresorbed, deeper dentin. Many apatite crystals were demonstrated to be present in the extracellular channels of the ruffled border and in adjacent endocytotic vacuoles derived from it. Lysosomes located in the perinuclear cytoplasm of odontoclasts contained amorphous dense material and/or a small amount of crystals. An energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis of apatite crystals in undemineralized sections indicated that the energy spectrum peaks of Ca and P detected from crystals in resorbing dentin were much lower than those in unresorbed dentin. Similarly, lower spectrum peaks of Ca and P were obtained from crystals found in the ruffled border and endocytotic vacuoles of odontoclasts. A slight trace Ca peak also was detected in the amorphous dense material in lysosomes of odontoclasts. The enzyme cytochemistry of lysosomal acid trimetaphosphatase indicated that odontoclasts had intense enzymatic activity in the Golgi membranes, endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, lysosomes, and endocytotic vacuoles. Dense reaction precipitates of enzymatic activity also were found along the dentin surfaces of resorption lacunae occupied by odontoclast ruffled borders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Dentin resorption mediated by odontoclasts in physiological root resorption of human deciduous teeth. 285 Dec 63

A simple and efficient method for the analysis of the affinity and number of functional transferrin receptors (TFR) on human tumor cells is described. The technique is designed to utilize microtitration equipment; and is suitable for easy comparison of up to 8 different cell preparations per assay. Using this technique, 5 established cell lines were evaluated for functional TFR expression. The control erythroleukemic cell line K562 possessed 3.28 X 10(5) functional TFR per cell (+/- 3.69 X 10(4), SEM) Kd = 9.0 X 10(-9) X M-1. Trypsin and heat-pretreated cells were compared to control erythroleukemic K562 cells from the same culture to determine both the effects of receptor removal and cell viability on the assay. Trypsin and heat pretreatment of these K562 cells severely decreased receptor function as indicated by Scatchard analysis as well as by time course and cold competition analysis respectively. Whereas the affinity of trypsin-treated receptors on cells was similar to control values, heat-killed cells displayed an altered cellular affinity for 125I-transferrin underscoring the importance of utilizing cells of high viability in receptor assays.
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PMID:A rapid and efficient microtechnique for the analysis of functional transferrin receptors on tumor cells. 298 58

Human T-T hybridomas were developed as a strategy for obtaining lymphokines that alter T-lymphocyte motility. Mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes were fused with cells of the human CEM lymphoma line and the supernatants derived from these fusion products were assessed for chemoattractant activity in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Supernatants from hybridoma 41B2 enhanced lymphocyte migration to 198 +/- 13% (mean +/- SEM) of control. Characterization by Sephadex G-100 molecular sieve chromatography revealed a single peak of chemoattractant activity corresponding to a molecular weight (MW) of 56,000. This activity eluted from a Sephadex QAE anion-exchange column at 4-6 mS. Subsequent isoelectric focusing in sucrose revealed an isoelectric point of 9.0-9.2. Fractions with activity after sequential molecular sieve and anion-exchange chromatography were concentrated, radiolabeled with 125I, and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Autoradiography revealed a band which corresponded to a MW of 14,000 (representing four similar monomeric chains) and to the region from which chemoattractant activity could be detected in eluates from slices of unstained gels run in parallel. The biological activity of this hybridoma-derived lymphocyte chemoattractant was abolished by treatment with trypsin and neuraminidase but was unaffected by heating to 56 degrees C. We conclude that certain human T-T-cell hybridomas constitutively elaborate a lymphocyte chemoattractant that appears to be physicochemically identical to a previously described human lymphokine, lymphocyte chemoattractant factor.
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PMID:A human T-T-cell hybridoma-derived lymphocyte chemoattractant factor. 309 96

The forming surfaces of enamel of rat incisors were examined by scanning electron microscope one hour after injection of either 5 mg/100 g body weight of sodium fluoride or 12 mg/100 g body weight of cobalt chloride. The cell debris from the surfaces of the separated incisors was either gently wiped off with soft facial tissues or chemically removed by treating with NaOH, NaOCl or trypsin. Best results to remove cell debris were obtained from 0.25% trypsin treatment. SEM studies revealed that the surface of the normal secretory enamel was characteristic in appearance with well-developed smooth prism outlines. In fluoride specimens the prism outlines were feathery in appearance, laced with protruding spine-shaped clusters of mineral crystals. In the case of cobalt treatment, prism outlines were less uniform and in some areas they were incomplete. The calcium concentration of surface enamel was significantly lower in the cobalt-treated specimens than those from control and fluoride-treated animals. The Ca:Mg ratio was also lower in cobalt-treated specimens as compared to control and fluoride-treated ones.
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PMID:Effect of fluoride and cobalt on forming enamel: scanning electron microscope and X-ray microanalysis study. 320 Nov 97

We measured the levels of trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substances (TRSS) in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during the development of hypertension. TRSS levels (means +/- SEM, N = 4) were significantly higher at 12 weeks (7.13 +/- 1.05 micrograms bradykinin equivalents (BKE)/ml plasma) and 24 weeks (6.87 +/- 0.60 micrograms BKE/ml) compared to 8 weeks (3.3 +/- 0.55 micrograms BKE/ml) and to normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKN) rats, whose levels were 3.74 +/- 0.74 micrograms BKE/ml at 24 weeks and did not change significantly during the period studied. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of SHR was 150-170, 160-180 and 170-220 mmHg at 8, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, whereas the WKN MAP was 110-120 mmHg at 24 weeks. The increase in total TRSS was due to substances which elicit the slow contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and which could be distinguished from BK, T-kinin and other BK homologues by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, gradient elution chromatography on CM-cellulose and by the slow rate of contraction of the guinea pig ileum. All of these properties are the same as those we have previously demonstrated for TRSS of Goldblatt 1-kidney 1-clip renal hypertensive rats and which are due, at least in part, to a 14 amino acid peptide whose composition does not correspond to any known spasmogenic substance.
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PMID:New trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substances in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 322 26

A cell type-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) against a cell surface antigen of rat anterior pituitary somatotrophs has been generated by fusion of a nonsecreting mouse myeloma line with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with enzymatically dispersed anterior pituitary cells of adult random cycling female rats. Hybridomas were initially screened for antibodies to cell surface antigens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay using rat anterior pituitary cells and smooth muscle cells of aorta as positive and negative controls, respectively. Positive clones were further checked for cell type specificity by immunofluorescence. Mab WHC-1 is an immunoglobulin M (IgM) with kappa-light chains and is cytotoxic in the presence of complement. Based on double immunofluorescence, this Mab reacted with 22.5 +/- 2.0% (+/- SEM) of the anterior pituitary cells of adult random cycling female rats. Among them, about 93.5 +/- 1.4% were somatotrophs, and only 4.1 +/- 1.2% were mammotrophs. Approximately two thirds of the somatotrophs were Mab WHC-1-positive. The reaction of this Mab with gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, or corticotrophs were negligible. The percentage of Mab WHC-1-positive cells derived from immunoperoxidase staining was significantly greater than that from immunofluorescence. The cell surface antigen defined by Mab WHC-1 is expressed heavily on GH3 cells, but not on smooth muscle cells. It is resistant to trypsin digestion, but sensitive to ethanol treatment, and exhibits the solubility property of a glycolipid. Mab WHC-1 cross-reacts with the anterior pituitary cell of rabbits, but not mice. These results provide the immunological evidence for heterogeneity among somatotrophs and demonstrate the feasibility of making pituitary cell type-specific Mabs.
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PMID:Production and partial characterization of a monoclonal antibody to rat anterior pituitary somatotrophs. 327 36

A method for estimating the concentration of spermatozoa in the rat cauda epididymidis is described. Treatment of a sperm suspension with 0.05% collagenase for 20-60 min or 0.025% trypsin for 1-2 min at 34-37 degrees C was found to result in consistently homogeneous sperm. Sperm concentration ranged from 152.5 to 230.0 x 10(7) spermatozoa/ml, with a mean of 187.7 +/- 5.6 (SEM) x 10(7) spermatozoa/ml.
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PMID:Determination of spermatozoa concentration in the rat cauda epididymidis. 345 91

Inflammatory cell populations in glomerulonephritis (GN) are not well characterized. A method is reported for isolating leukocytes from glomeruli. GN was induced in rats by perfusing left kidneys (LKs) with cationized human IgG followed by intravenous rat anti-human IgG serum. Acute GN developed in LKs with proteinuria, deposition of human and rat IgG and C3, leukocyte infiltration, and capillary wall electron-dense deposits. Glomeruli (GL) isolated at 24 hours were digested with collagenase, trypsin, and DNase, and the resulting cells were as follows (mean +/- SEM): LK, 354 +/- 25/GL; RK, 214 +/- 32/GL. Cells were labeled with monoclonal antibody MRCOX1 (anti-rat leukocyte common [LC] antigen) followed by FITC F(ab')2 rabbit anti-mouse Ig: LK, 170 +/- 11 leukocytes/GL;RK, 8 +/- 2 leukocytes/GL (P less than 0.001). Isolated cells were sorted by flow cytometry to 98% pure LC+ cells with greater than 80% viability (Giemsa staining: 86% mononuclear cells, 14% neutrophils); the ultrastructure was that of maturing macrophages and neutrophils. This method quantitates leukocyte infiltration and provides leukocytes from nephritic glomeruli suitable for in vitro studies.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of inflammatory leukocytes from glomeruli in an in situ model of glomerulonephritis in the rat. 354 49


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