Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main adduct of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-Pt) with DNA, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(dGpdG)], was administered i.p. to rats. Urine was collected daily for 4 days. The adduct was purified by a weak cation exchanger and quantitated by HPLC with UV detection. The recovery of the adduct was 30.0 +/- 7.0% (mean +/- SEM). The main reason for the low recovery was the chemical instability of cis-[Pt(NH3)2 (dGpdG)] in urine as shown in an in vitro incubation. Adjusted for this instability the recovery in urine was greater than 70% of the dose. When cis-Pt-DNA (the molar ratio of cis-Pt to nucleotide = 1:50) was administered i.p. to rats only 1.25 +/- 0.23% of platinum was excreted in urine in the form of cis-[Pt(NH3)2(dGpdG)] and cis-[Pt(NH3)2(dApdG)] during the first 4 days. If the removal of the cis-Pt-DNA adducts from human tissues is to be followed, their possible slow excretion and chemical instability in urine needs to be considered.
 ...
PMID:Excretion kinetics of the DNA adducts of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) formed in vitro in rat urine. 316 53

Intracellular pH (pHi) and buffer power of frog muscle were measured using pH-sensitive microelectrodes under conditions used previously in energy balance experiments because pH strongly influences the molar enthalpy change for phosphocreatine splitting, the major net reaction during brief contractions. The extracellular pH (pHe) of HEPES buffered Ringer's solution influenced pHi, but change in pHi developed slowly. Addition or removal of CO2 or NH3 from the extracellular solution caused a rapid change in pHi. The mean buffer power measured with CO2 was 38.4 mmol.l-1.pH unit-1 (+/- SEM 2.1, n = 49) and with NH3 was 36.2 (+/- SEM 5.5, n = 4) at 20-22 degrees C. At 5 degrees C, in experiments with CO2 the mean buffer power was 40.3 (+/- SEM 2.6, n = 3). For pHi values above approximately 7.0, the observed buffer power was greater than that expected from the values in the literature for the histidine content of intracellular proteins, carnosine and inorganic phosphate in the sarcoplasm. The measured pHi values were similar to those assumed in energy balance calculations, but the high measured buffer power suggests that other buffering reactions occur in addition to those included in energy balance calculations.
 ...
PMID:Buffer power and intracellular pH of frog sartorius muscle. 349 33

To study the potential contribution of glycine toxicity in the transurethral resection syndrome, we evaluated hemodynamic and visual evoked potential responses to glycine infusion (1 g/kg) in 22 dogs anesthetized with halothane (1.0-1.2% end tidal. Three dogs received 5% glucose in normal saline without glycine; three received arginine (4 mg/kg) in normal saline without glycine; three received arginine (4 mg/kg) in normal saline without glycine; 10 received glycine (1 g/kg), then arginine (4 mg/kg) 120 min after the completion of glycine infusion; and six received arginine 30 min after the completion of glycine infusion. Arginine was infused to evaluate potential antagonistic effects of glycine toxicity. Blood levels of glycine, ammonia, arginine, urea, and formate were determined after infusions of glycine or arginine. All animals received about 5 ml X kg-1 X hr-1 of normal saline during the 2-4 hr of study. Immediately after glycine infusion, cardiac output increased 57%, whereas systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure decreased 32% and 8%, respectively. Later cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were 41% and 18% less than control levels, whereas systemic vascular resistance returned to control levels. Both amplitude and latency of visual evoked potential waveforms were altered in the animals receiving glycine infusion but not in the control animals. These responses were associated with elevations of blood glycine (149 +/- 5 to 9591 +/- 809 microM/L, mean + SEM) and blood NH3 (10.5 +/- 2.8 to 100.0 +/- 13.6 microM/L), but not with formate levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of glycine on hemodynamic responses and visual evoked potentials in the dog. 405 Dec 5

Crossbred sheep (n 16, 8.5 months of age and 33 (SE 0.9) kg) were used in a 21 d experiment (2 x 2 factorial) to determine effects on net flux of nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of ad libitum consumption of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon; B) v. ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum; RW) hay, coarsely chopped (CC) or finely ground and pelleted (GP). Crude protein concentrations were 86, 81, 113 and 119 g/kg and neutral-detergent fibre concentrations were 710, 688, 654 and 672 g/kg (dry matter basis) for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively. Digestible energy intake (6.0, 9.6, 10.2 and 13.8 MJ/d) differed (P < 0.01) with grass source and form, and digestible N intake values were 4.4, 7.0, 8.4 and 14.1 (SEM 0.82) g/d for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP diets respectively. Consumption of O2 by the PDV (118, 165, 144 and 155 mmol/h) and splanchnic bed (196, 273, 247 and 266 mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively) was greater (P = 0.07) for GP than for CC. The ratio splanchnic heat energy production: digestible energy intake was greater (P = 0.06) for B than for RW (0.374, 0.300, 0.278 and 0.219 for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively). alpha-Amino-N release by the PDV (P < 0.01; 11.6, 12.8, 23.0 and 18.7 mmol/h) and uptake by the liver (P = 0.07; 15.2, 6.1, 17.0 and 19.3 mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively) were greater for RW than for B. Release of NH3-N by the PDV was greater (P = 0.02) for CC than for GP (12.5, 6.2, 15.7 and 8.9 mmol/h), and hepatic urea-N release differed between grass sources (P = 0.03) and physical forms (P = 0.07; 22.6, 12.7, 31.4 and 24.8 mmol/h for B-CC, B-GP, RW-CC and RW-GP respectively). In conclusion, decrease in forage particle size elicited by grinding and pelleting did not affect the difference between grass sources in splanchnic tissue heat energy production relative to digestible energy intake.
 ...
PMID:Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming grasses of different sources and physical forms ad libitum. 917 96

Exposure to swine confinement buildings has a negative impact on respiratory health. A short exposure to this environment results in an acute airway inflammatory response. The present study was performed to confirm and further define the acute effects of working in a swine building, and to determine whether these effects are reproducible. Seven previously nonexposed normal subjects underwent evaluations that included hourly measurement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), methacholine challenge (the provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20)), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), nasal lavage (NL), and blood analyses, before (control) and after each of two 5 h exposures to a swine building environment. The exposures were conducted 8 days apart. The levels of total dust, endotoxins, and ammonia (NH3) in the confinement building were measured on each day of exposure. Both exposures resulted in a significant reduction in FEV1 (mean+/-SEM change in FEV1: control = 7+/-2%; exposure 1 = 15+/-3%; exposure 2 = 23+/-3%), decrease in PC20 (median value (25th-75th percentile): 223 (23-256), 20 (15-198) and 20 (11-71), respectively; p=0.05) and increase in BAL cells (129+/-20, 451+/-43 and 511+/-103x10(3) cells x mL(-1), respectively) and NL cells (6+/-4, 126+/-58 and 103+/-26x10(3) cells x mL(-1), respectively), mostly neutrophils. Levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), but not interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumour necrosis factors (TNF-alpha), increased both in BAL and nasal fluids with exposure. In normal naive subjects, repeated exposure to the environment of a swine building induced a marked and reproducible reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second, increase in airway responsiveness, and increased neutrophilic inflammatory response. These results could not be accounted for by any of the environmental factors measured.
 ...
PMID:Effects of repeated swine building exposures on normal naive subjects. 923 Feb 40

Oxygen consumption was measured in five Dermophis mexicanus and averaged (+/- SEM) 0.047 +/- 0.004 ml O2 g(-1) x h(-1). Carbon dioxide production averaged 0.053 +/- 0.005 ml CO2 g(-1) x h(-1) in the same five animals 1 week later. This metabolic rate is similar to metabolic rates of other Gymnophionans but lower than metabolic rates reported for Anurans and Urodeles. Total nitrogen excretion averaged 1.37 micromol N g(-1) x h(-1) which is higher than that found for other amphibians. Of this, 82.5% (1.13 micromol N g(-1) x h(-1)) was in the form of urea while 17.5% (0.24 micromol N g(-1) h(-1)) was in the form of NH3 + NH4+. Such ureotelism is typical of terrestrial amphibians like D. mexicanus. Osmotic water flux averaged 0.0193 ml g(-1) x h(-1) in control (sham injected) animals and was not significantly altered by injection of either arginine vasotocin or mesotocin. This osmotic flux is similar to osmotic fluxes found for other terrestrial amphibians. The combined data suggest that metabolism in D. mexicanus is, like most other Gymnophionans, lower than other amphibians. The high rates of nitrogen (especially urea) excretion suggests that this fossorial animal accumulates urea like other burrowing amphibians.
 ...
PMID:Exchanges of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water in the caecilian Dermophis mexicanus. 1112 40

With the goal of shortening the postoperative healing phase and the minimization of the risk of peri-implantitis around dental implants, a polymer coating, with improved surface biocompatibility in the region of soft tissue penetration by the implant, was investigated. The polymer used was the relatively slowly resorbable poly-beta-hydroxybuterate (PHB) whose surface was further activated in a NH3--plasma. The influence of surface roughness of the substrate (commercially pure titanium) as well as the influence of the edge radii on the test samples was determined in prior studies. These studies formed the basis for an optimised coating process. In-vitro biocompatibility was determined using a human gingival primary cell culture. Surface morphology was determined with SEM and AFM to complement the cell culture studies.
 ...
PMID:Optimization of the neck region of dental implants with a bioactive, resorbable coating. 1245 99

Exhaled breath condensates have been widely used to detect inflammatory mediators in the fluid that covers airway surfaces of patients with inflammatory lung disorders. This approach is much less invasive than bronchoalveolar lavage, but respiratory droplets are markedly diluted by large and variable amounts of water vapor. We estimated the dilution of respiratory droplets by comparing concentrations of nonvolatile, reference indicators (total nonvolatile cations, urea or conductivity) in 18 normal subjects with normal plasma concentrations by assuming similar concentrations in the respiratory fluid and plasma. The volatile cation, NH4+ (most of which is delivered as NH3 gas from the mouth), represented 93 +/- 3% (SEM) of the condensate cations. More than 99% of the NH4+ was removed by lyophilization, making it possible to use conductivity to estimate total nonvolatile ionic concentrations and facilitating analysis of urea. Conductivity was significantly correlated with electrolyte and urea concentrations. Estimates of dilution based on total cations, conductivity, and urea were not significantly different (cations: 20,472 +/- 2,516; conductivity: 21,019 +/- 2,427; and urea: 18,818 +/- 2,402). These observations suggest that the conductivity of lyophilized samples can be used as an inexpensive, simple, and reliable method for estimating dilution of nonvolatile, hydrophilic mediators in condensates.
 ...
PMID:A simple method for estimating respiratory solute dilution in exhaled breath condensates. 1451 68

The delamination and intercalation of a layered microporous aluminophosphate, [Al3P4O16](3-).3[CH3(CH2)NH3]+ (AlP), with aromatic amine have been carried out and were followed by XRD and SEM measurements. The basicity of the amine plays an important role in this process, as do the dielectric constant of the solution and the amount of amine added. A saturated benzylamine (pKa of 9.34) intercalate of the aluminophosphate are obtained in solutions with dielectric constant of 50-70 and an amine concentration of 10 mmol/g AlP, while no aniline (pKa of 4.60) intercalates are formed under similar conditions. The remarkable effect of basicity of the amine can be explained by a metathetical balanced reaction model, which was proved by the results of the intercalation processes of 4-methylpiridine (pKa = 6.00) and 4-methylimidazole (pKa = 7.55).
 ...
PMID:Delamination and aromatic amine intercalation of layered aluminophosphate with [Al3P4O16]3- stoichiometry. 1583 92

Zeolite-based composite materials prepared by the embedding of the beta zeolite nanophase from aqueous colloidal solution into matrices of preformed Si(Al)MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves have been characterized by different methods (XRD, SEM, FTIR, N2 adsorption, and TPD of NH3). Their potential as catalysts for toluene disproportionation has been compared to mechanical mixtures of freeze-dried nanobeta crystallites with Si(Al)MCM-41 mesoporous materials. It is found that the zeolite catalyst efficiency is not substantially changed by the presence of mesopores belonging to the matrix. It is suggested that formation of intergrown aggregates from the colloidal nanobeta particles provides own highly developed textural mesoporosity that makes the contribution of the diffusional alleviation of the support negligible.
 ...
PMID:Beta zeolite colloidal nanocrystals supported on mesoporous MCM-41. 1584 27


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>