Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the muscarinic antagonist Ipratropium bromide is used clinically as a bronchodilator in infants ventilated because of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), no studies have compared the response or efficacy of different dosages or its effectiveness in combination with beta-adrenergic agonists. We measured the response of respiratory system mechanics in 10 ventilated infants (25 +/- 2 days of age) to 75, 125, and 175 micrograms ipratropium bromide (IB), 125 micrograms IB plus 0.04 mg salbutamol (SAL), 175 micrograms IB plus 0.04 mg SAL, and saline vehicle, delivered via nebulizer into the ventilator circuit. Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) were measured by the passive flow-volume technique. Rrs and Crs were measured before and at 1 to 2 h and at 4 h after delivery of the five drug dosages or saline. All six studies were completed within a 72-h period. Saline had no significant effect on mechanics. Significant responses to ipratropium alone were seen only after 175 micrograms where Rrs decreased 20 +/- 3% (SEM) (p less than 0.05) at 1 to 2 h and 16 +/- 5% (p less than 0.05) at 4 h. After 125 micrograms IB + SAL and 175 micrograms IB + SAL, Rrs was significantly decreased both at 1 to 2 h and at 4 h, and Crs was significantly increased 20 +/- 6% and 20 +/- 4%, respectively, at 1 to 2 h. The greatest decrease in Rrs (26 +/- 6%) was seen 1 to 2 h after 175 micrograms IB + salbutamol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bronchodilator response to ipratropium bromide in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 214 10

Ipratropium bromide (IB), a quaternary derivative of atropine has been extensively recommended as the first bronchodilator to be tried in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the large information concerning IB use, a controversy still persists about the lack of non bronchodilator effects (preventive) of inhaled IB. Therefore, the purpose was: to study the effects of IB (80 micrograms) on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in moderate airway obstruction due to COPD. From outpatient clinic 9 men aged (mean +/- SEM) 57.9 +/- 2.4 yr with smoking history of 54.6 +/- 5.1 pack-yrs and a mean FEV1 = 1.36 +/- 0.08 liters (47.2 +/- 3.8% predicted) were enrolled to participate in this randomized placebo-controlled double blind cross-over study. Each subject attended on 3 occasions (first visit was control day; logPC20 = -0.54 +/- 0.24 mg/ml; geometric mean [MG] = 0.27 mg/ml) for histamine challenge tests using the tidal breathing method after either 4 puffs of IB or placebo aerosol. IB significantly increased baseline FEV1. A correlation between baseline obstruction (FEV1; FEV1/FVC) and bronchodilation with airway hyperreactivity (logPC20) could not be demonstrated. The major finding was that IB attenuated the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (logPC20 = -0.15 +/- 0.17 mg/ml; GM = 0.70 mg/ml) in comparison with placebo (logPC20 = -0.76 +/- 0.22 mg/ml; GM = 0.17 mg/ml; p = 0.018; doubling doses: IB = 2.02 +/- 0.68 vs placebo = -0.62 +/- 0.79; p = 0.024). The lack of correlation between bronchodilator response to IB and the shift in logPC20 might indicate an intrinsic protective role of IB against histamine. Both IB and fenoterol completely resolved the final fall in FEV1 after ending the histamine challenge test. In conclusion, IB diminished histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in these subjects with moderate COPD.
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PMID:[Effect of ipratropium bromide on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with chronic airway obstruction]. 1147 70