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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various types and amount of deposits were noted on the surface of different membrane oxygenators during experimental long-term perfusion in sheep studied by SEM. They were present in spite of adequate heparinization. The deposition of blood material suggests, that the imperfection of the membranes by fabrication must be controlled and improved by oneself for use in long-term perfusion.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)
PMID:Scanning-electron-microscopic and functional studies of oxygenator-membranes during long-term-perfusion. 83 89

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P) and volume (V) were measured in 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction. It was assumed that the diastolic P-V relationship was exponential and corresponded to the formula P=be KV. In 7 patients submitted to volume loading, several data points of this relationship were obtained and at zero volume, the mean intercept with the ordinates was 0.037+/-0.015 kPa (SEM) (0.28+/-0.12 mmHg). In the other 5 patients, the P-V curve was plotted through this intercept and the pressure and volume co-ordinates obtained by control. The K coefficient (passive elastic modulus) was greater, and the normalised left ventricular compliance index (dV/VdP) was smaller in the infarct group than in the control group. This suggests decreased left ventricular compliance during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. By comparing left ventricular function curves plotted using either end-diastolic pressure or end-diastolic volume as the stretch index it is possible to evaluate the relative participation of decreased compliance and depressed contractility in global left ventricular function.
Cardiovasc Res 1977 Mar
PMID:Left ventricular compliance in acute myocardial infarction in man. 87 Jan 96

The effect of acebutolol on active isometric force generation has been studied in isolated papillary muscle preparations from adult cats and kittens less than 24 h old. Statistically significant reduction in active force occurred at a concentration of 0.27 mmol-litre-1 in the adult preparations and at 1.34 mmol-litre-1 in the infant ones. At 2.86 mmol-litre-1 active force had fallen to 43.4%+/-2.2 (SEM) of the control value in the adults and to 52.4%+/-3.3(SEM) in the infants. These results suggest that the infant myocardium is no more sensitive to the negative inotropic effect of acebutolol than is the adult myocardium.
Cardiovasc Res 1977 May
PMID:Direct effect of acebutolol on force generation in immature and adult myocardium. 87 64

This study was designed to determine the effect of coronary reperfusion on (1) myocardial infarct size and (2) the accuracy of previously reported methods for estimation of infarct size serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values. Thirty mongrel dogs, chronically prepared, were studied in the awake state, and were divided into four groups according to the period or left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) occlusion. Group 1: permanent occlusion (24 h) in nine dogs; group 2: 45 min occlusion (eight dogs); group 3: 1 h occlusion (five dogs); and group 4: 3 h occlusion (eight dogs). Serial blood samples were drawn for 24 h following the beginning of occlusion and were used to determine total and isoenzyme levels of CPK, and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes. All dogs were sacrified 24 h after the beginning of occlusion and were anatomically examined. The extent of anatomical myocardial infarction was determined and compared with the extent of myocardial infarction as estimated from serial serum CPK values. Total serum CPK increased significantly in all groups and was associated with the appearance of CPK-MB isoenzyme and an increase in LDH1,2 (LDH1 greater than LDH2) in most dogs. Total serum CPK increased within an hour after reperfusion and the mean values in groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly high (P less than 0.05) than serum CPK values in group 1 in the period from 110 min to 4 after occlusion. These data demonstrate that reperfusion after 45 min to 3 h of coronary occlusion results in an earlier appearance of total serum CPK. The anatomical infarction in group 1 averaged 28% +/- 3% (SEM) of the total heart and was significantly larger than infarct size in all groups with reperfusion. In contrast, estimated infarction calculated from total CPK in group 1 was not significantly different from the reperfused groups. Although there was correlation between estimated and anatomical infarction, the data in each group showed that anatomical infarct size could not be accurately estimated from total serum CPK.
Cardiovasc Res 1976 Mar
PMID:Effect of reperfusion on myocardial infarct, and the accuracy of estimating infarct size from serum creatine phosphokinase in the dog. 93 92

The left ansa subclavia was stimulated at supramaximal intensity at a frequency of Hz in open-chest, anaesthetized dogs for periods of about 10 min. Arterial blood pressure, myocardial contractile force, and coronary sinus blood flow reached peak values after 1 or 2 min of stimulation, and then declined gradually throughout the remainder of stimulation. In hearts that averaged 159 +/- 10 (SEM) g, the norepinephrine (NE) overflow rose to a peak value of 470 +/- 128 ng/min at the end of 1 min of sympathetic stimulation in the control animals. By the 10th min of stimulation, the NE overflow had diminished to 97 +/- 24 ng/min. In animals pretreated with cocaine (5 mg/kg) or with phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg), the peak NE overflow rates were 288 +/- 62 and 980 +/- 148 mg/min, respectively, and the rate of NE overflow declined to levels of 104 +/- 39 and 128 +/- 30 ng/min, respectively by the 10th min of stimulation. Since there was a profound, progressive diminution in the rate of NE overflow during sustained cardiac sympathetic stimulation regardless of whether or not NE reuptake was suppressed, it is concluded that the reduction in NE overflow reflects a curtailment of neuronal release of NE rather than an acceleration of reuptake.
Cardiovasc Res 1976 Sep
PMID:Progressive reduction in norepinephrine overflow during cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation in the anaesthetized dog. 97 70

Selective coronary arteriograms of 125 patients with normal coronary arteries were reviewed to establish the caliber and distribution of normal coronary arterial anatomy. Measurements established the following normal values for coronary arterial caliber in right (R), (M), and left (L) inferior emphasis systems expressed in mm (+/-SEM): (See article). Significant differences in the caliber of right coronary arterial systems and left circumflex coronary arterial systems validate the separation of coronary arterial anatomy into right, mixed, and left inferior emphasis systems, depending upon the blood supply to the inferior wall of the left ventricle. Classification of the anatomical pattern into right, mixed, and left inferior emphasis systems is useful in the cardiac catheterization laboratory at the time of selective coronary arteriography. If the expected distribution of the coronary vessels is not found, then missing vessels must be sought out. A knowledge of the range of normal size for the coronary arterial tree should be of value in defining the severity of coronary arterial narrowing.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1976
PMID:Caliber and distribution of normal coronary arterial anatomy. 99 Dec 63

Studies were conducted in vitro to determine the permeability characteristics of the rabbit and dog pericardium. The hydraulic conductance (Lp), which was significantly higher than other tissue, was 1.6 +/- 0.19 X 10(-4) and 1.78 +/- 0.18 X 10(-4) g-cm-2-min-1-cm H2O-1 (mean +/- SEM), respectively, for the rabbit and dog pericardium. For various solutes, the permeability coefficient (P) of the pericardium for the rabbit was: 1.40 +/- 0.10 X 10(-4) cm-s-1 for water, 0.50 +/- 0.03 X 10(-4) cm-s-1 for glucose, and 0.73 +/- 0.005 X 10(-4) cm-s-1 for albumin. The reflection coefficient, sigma, for various solutes was: glucose 8.89 +/- 0.86 X 10(-4), sucrose 15.7 +/- 1.5 X 10(-4), dextran (molecular weight 40 000) 0.39 +/- 0.03, albumin 0.42 +/- 0.05, and for haemoglobin 0.58 +/- 0.06. These results, which indicate that the pericardium offers little resistance to the bulk transfer of liquids and to the passage of large molecules, are discussed as possible safety factors during pericardial effusion.
Cardiovasc Res 1975 Nov
PMID:An evaluation of the pericardial sac as a safety factor during tamponade. 120 11

We determined kinin-generating activity (kininogenase) in the thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at age 5 and 15 weeks and in appropriately age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Aorta homogenates were incubated with partially purified dog kininogen, and the resulting kinins were extracted with ethanol. The kinins were determined by a sensitive kinin radioimmunoassay (RIA). Kininogenase activity was expressed as mean +/- SEM, picogram kinin generated/mg x protein/h. Active kininogenase in SHR was approximately one-third in 5-week-old and about one-fifth in 15-week-old rats when compared with their normotensive controls. Total kininogenase activity in SHRs was approximately 80% and 58% of the normotensive controls at ages 5 weeks and 15 weeks, respectively. Active enzyme was 14% of the total in 5-week-old SHRs, and it was only 5% of the total in 15-week-old SHRs. It seems unlikely that the changes in kininogenase are secondary to hypertension because blood pressor is only marginally elevated at 5 weeks according to the literature. We hypothesize that genetic hypertensive rats may suffer from an inherent deficiency in the kininogenase activity of the vascular wall. The deficiency may also be in the mechanism of activation of precursor enzyme.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992
PMID:Kininogenase of the aortic wall in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 128 21

The aim of our study was to examine the release of various lipid and peptide contracting autacoids by aortae of normal and atherosclerotic rabbits. Leukotriene (LT) E4, an enzymatic derivative of LTC4, thromboxane (Tx) B2, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by radioimmunoassay techniques in aortic preparations of normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. Intact aortae of normal rabbits incubated with the calcium ionophore A23187 for 1 h at 37 degrees C released LTE4 and TxB2 (22 +/- 3.5 and 14.8 +/- 2 pg/mg of tissue, respectively, mean +/- SEM, n = 33). Removal of aortic endothelium was associated with a significant reduction in LTE4 (44%) and TxB2 (58%) release. In aortic preparations from cholesterol-fed rabbits, the release of LTE4 was significantly enhanced (41 +/- 8 pg/mg of tissue, mean +/- SEM, n = 27) whereas TxB2 was not significantly altered. No detectable amounts of ET-1 were measured after 1 h of incubation. However, at 4 h, an endothelium-dependent release of ET-1 from normal aortae was demonstrated. In atherosclerotic aortae, ET-1 release was significantly higher than in controls (10 +/- 1.3 vs. 5 +/- 0.5 pg/cm2, mean +/- SEM, n = 16). We conclude that enhanced formation of vasoconstrictor autacoids may contribute to altered vasomotion of atherosclerotic blood vessels.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992
PMID:Release of contracting autacoids by aortae of normal and atherosclerotic rabbits. 128 72

Changes in permeability following ischemia-reperfusion injury were assessed in the intact rabbit hindlimb by measuring the transvascular clearance of 125I-labeled rabbit serum albumin. Ischemia was induced for periods of 1 or 2 hours by use of a pneumatic tourniquet inflated to 300 mmHg. Following ischemia, the limb was reperfused for 1, 2, or 3 hours. The albumin clearance in the gastrocnemius muscle of control rabbits was 5.1 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) microliters/hr/g dry weight. Following 1 hour of ischemia and reperfusion, muscle albumin clearance rose to 71.4 +/- 26 microliters/hr/g dry weight which was not significantly different from those animals that underwent 2 hours of ischemia. Muscle albumin clearance continued to be elevated following 2 hours of reperfusion; however, it returned toward control levels after 3 hours of reperfusion. These data suggest there is a transient increase in albumin permeability following ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)
PMID:Permeability changes following ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit hindlimb. 128 6


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