Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ouabain- and bumetanide-resistant K+ influx, and haemoglobin (Hb) O2 saturation, were measured in HbA red cells over a range of oxygen tensions (PO2 values) in the presence and absence of 12C79 (5 mM), a substituted benzaldehyde which increases the O2 affinity of Hb. PO2 values for half-maximal O2 saturation declined from 29+/-2 mmHg (mean +/-SEM, n=3) in control cells to 7+/-1 mmHg with 12C79. In control cells, Cl--dependent K+ influx (indicative of KCl cotransport activity) was fully O2 dependent, i.e. inactive at low PO2 values. By contrast, in the presence of 12C79, KCl cotransport was largely resistant to inactivation at low PO2 values. Substantial cotransport activity was still present (>60% of that at high PO2 values) in N2, although O2 saturation was low (about 10%). In all cases, Cl--independent K+ influxes were low [<0.25 mmol (l cells h)-1] and unaffected by PO2 or 12C79. The significance of these results is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of the substituted benzaldehyde 12C79 on Cl--dependent K+ influx in human red blood cells. 991 9

Although the detailed mechanism of spontaneous generation and regulation of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is yet unknown, it has been reported that noradrenergic REM-OFF neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) cease firing during REMS and, if they are kept active, REMS is significantly reduced. On the other hand, the activity as well as expression of Na-K ATPase has been shown to increase in the LC following REMS deprivation. Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of Na-K ATPase, and endogenous ouabain-like compounds are present in the brain. These findings led us to propose that a decrease in the level of ouabain-like compounds spontaneously available in and around the LC would stimulate and increase the REM-OFF neuronal activities in this region and thus would reduce REMS. To test this hypothesis, we generated anti-ouabain antibodies and then microinjected it bilaterally into the LC in freely moving chronically prepared rats and recorded electrophysiological signals for evaluation of sleep-wakefulness states; suitable control experiments were also conducted. Injection of anti-ouabain antibodies into the LC, but not into adjacent brain areas, significantly reduced percent REMS (mean +/- SEM) from 7.12 (+/-0.74) to 3.63 (+/-0.65). The decrease in REMS was due to reduction in the mean frequency of REMS episode, which is likely due to increased excitation of the LC REM-OFF neurons. Control microinjections of normal IgG did not elicit this effect. These results support our hypothesis that interactions of naturally available endogenous ouabain-like compounds with the Na-K ATPase in the LC modulate spontaneous REMS.
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PMID:Endogenous ouabain-like compounds in locus coeruleus modulate rapid eye movement sleep in rats. 1987 49


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