Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Streptokinase and staphylokinase, the presently available thrombolytic agents of bacterial origin, are immunogenic in man; their use may cause allergic reactions and/or refractoriness to renewed administration. Infusion of 2 to 10 mg of recombinant staphylokinase (STAR) in 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction or peripheral arterial occlusion induced IgG-related neutralizing activity in plasma with a lag phase of 10 to 12 days, from a baseline of 0.2 +/- 0.06 microgram STAR neutralized per ml plasma (mean +/- SEM) to a maximum of 30 +/- 6.2 micrograms/ml after 3 to 9 weeks, which persisted at a level of 14 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml after 18 months (n = 4). In 4 baboons with a 125I-fibrin labeled clot in an extracorporeal arteriovenous loop, i.v. administration of 63 micrograms/kg STAR over 1 h, repeated at weekly intervals, induced a progressive increase of STAR-neutralizing activity (from 0.05 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml at baseline to 4.8 +/- 1.5 micrograms/ml at week 6), which was paralleled by a reduction of in vivo clot lysis (from 60 +/- 7% to 8 +/- 3%). After temporary discontinuation of STAR-administration, neutralizing activity reverted to baseline within 7 weeks, whereafter the sensitivity of in vivo clot lysis to STAR was restored. In rabbits, i.v. administration of 250 micrograms/kg STAR over 1 h, repeated at weekly intervals, also induced a progressive increase of STAR-neutralizing activity (from 0.5 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml at baseline to 6.4 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml at week 6), which was paralleled by a reduction of in vivo clot lysis (from 68 +/- 3% to 31 +/- 7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:On the immunogenicity of recombinant staphylokinase in patients and in animal models. 783 68

Streptokinase and anistreplase are antigenic and their administration often leads to antibody formation. These can cause allergic reactions and/or neutralization of streptokinase with resulting suboptimal treatment. Currently, streptokinase re-administration is considered appropriate for up to 5 days and from 1 year after a previous dose. Antistreptokinase antibody and neutralization titres (NT) were measured in three groups of patients to determine if this practice is appropriate: 1. (early)--36 patients whose titres were measured for at least 5 days after thrombolysis; 2. (late)--57 patients who received thrombolysis 12-54 months previously; 3. (controls)--182 consecutive suspected myocardial infarction patients (without previous exposure to thrombolysis). Results were as follows (mean +/- SEM): 1. (early)--the antibody and/or NT were raised by day 4 in 19.4% of the patients. One patient could have neutralized 1.97 million units (MU) of streptokinase by day 4. (Day 4--antibody 1:39 +/- 11, NT 0.19 +/- 0.05 MU; day 5--1:136 +/- 41 and NT 0.7 +/- 0.43 MU respectively.) 2. (late)--23 patients (40%) had either antibody titres > or = 1:160 and/or NT > 1.5 MU. (12-23 months--antibody 1:243 +/- 43, NT 0.63 +/- 0.15 MU; 24-35 months--1:98 +/- 31 and 0.69 +/- 0.22 MU; 36-54 months--1:87 +/- 14 and 0.54 +/- 0.12 MU.) All titres were significantly higher than the controls (antibody 1:25 +/- 3, NT 0.14 +/- 0.01 MU, P < 0.01). After streptokinase or antistreplase, antibodies are raised from 4 days to at least 54 months. It would seem prudent to avoid their re-administration during this time interval.
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PMID:Raised levels of antistreptokinase antibody and neutralization titres from 4 days to 54 months after administration of streptokinase or anistreplase. 843 98

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and streptokinase were evaluated for their ability to reduce postsurgical adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn devascularization and serosal injury model in a blinded, randomized study. Small doses of tPA, uPA, or streptokinase were delivered over approximately a 4-day period either from a biodegradable hydrogel matrix or as four daily intraperitoneal injections. The hydrogel was formed upon the uterine horns by photopolymerization of an aqueous precursor solution containing dissolved drug. A control group that received no treatment had an average extent of adhesion formation of 72 +/- 15% (mean +/- SEM, percentage of the length of the uterine horns involved in adhesions). Application of this formulation of the hydrogel alone reduced the extent of adhesion formation to 22 +/- 10% by functioning as a mechanical barrier. When tPA was released from the hydrogel, adhesion formation was reduced to 4 +/- 3%, while when tPA was given by intraperitoneal injection, adhesion formation was only reduced to 49 +/- 8%. Local delivery of urokinase reduced adhesion formation to 6 +/- 6%, but intraperitoneal injection of urokinase did not reduce adhesion formation. Streptokinase did not reduce adhesion formation when administered by intraperitoneal injection and increased adhesion formation to 45 +/- 9% when locally released relative to the hydrogel alone. These results suggest that both tPA and uPA may be used to prevent adhesion formation when delivered locally.
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PMID:Local release of fibrinolytic agents for adhesion prevention. 853 78