Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is a recognised cause of post cholecystectomy pain, the control mechanisms involved in sphincter of Oddi function are poorly understood. Pharmacological relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi may have a beneficial effect particularly in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction where basal sphincter pressure is high. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium channel blockade (nicardipine) and synthetic cholecystokinin (ceruletide) on sphincter of Oddi pressures. Nineteen patients (median age 49 years; range 21-75) attending for routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic (ERCP) examination were studied. No patients with evidence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction were included in the study. Each patient was randomly allocated to receive a three minute intravenous infusion of nicardipine 3 mg (six) ceruletide 5 ng/kg (seven) or placebo (six). Endoscopic biliary manometry was done with recording of basal sphincter of Oddi pressures, sphincter of Oddi phasic wave amplitude and frequency before and after intravenous infusions. In the nicardipine group patients showed a decrease in both basal and phasic amplitude sphincter of Oddi pressure (mm Hg) from the preinfusion values (mean (SEM)) of 24.7 (3.6) and 112.3 (13.4) to 12.9 (2.9) (p less than 0.01) and 89.9 (12.4) (p less than 0.03) after infusion respectively. Ceruletide produced a decrease in sphincter of Oddi phasic wave frequency (c/min) from 3.4 (0.3) before infusion to 2.6 (0.5) after infusion (p less than 0.05). We conclude that nicardipine effectively decreases sphincter of Oddi pressure. This drug may therefore be of value in the treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction where raised sphincter pressures are thought to be the primary pathogenic feature.
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PMID:Controlled study of the effect of nicardipine and ceruletide on the sphincter of Oddi. 158 1

Studies in animals suggest that calcium channel blockers may influence gallbladder contraction. In order to study possible actions in man we examined by ultrasonography the effects of two dihydropyridine derivatives, i.e. nifedipine (20 mg p. o.) and BAY 1 8201 (100 mg p.o.) on ceruletide induced human gallbladder contraction in 9 healthy male volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, three fold crossover study (latin square design). Blood samples for the measurement of plasma drug concentrations were drawn before and at regular intervals up to 8 h after drug ingestion. Ceruletide decreased gallbladder volumes by 52.1 +/- 8.2% (mean +/- 1 SEM) after nifedipine, 53.1 +/- 8.1% after BAY 1 8201 and by 59.3 +/- 10.1% after placebo (NS). Peak plasma concentrations of 53.7 x/: 2.3 ng/ml (geometric mean x/: geometric standard deviation) and of 35.5 x/: 1.5 ng/ml were reached after oral application of nifedipine and BAY 1 8201, respectively. We conclude that human gallbladder contraction in response to ceruletide is not markedly influenced by dihydropyridine derivates in the dosages used in this study. The results reported here stress the importance of calcium released from intracellular stores for the contractility of smooth muscle in the human gallbladder.
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PMID:In vivo effects of nifedipine and BAY 1 8201 on ceruletide induced gallbladder contraction. 307 83