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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of vasopressin released during Finnish sauna on blood pressure, heart rate and skin blood flow was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers. Exposure to the hot air decrease body weight by 0.6 to 1.25 kg (mean = 0.8 kg, P less than 0.001). One hour after the end of the sauna sessions, plasma vasopressin was higher (1.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml, P less than 0.01 mean +/- SEM) than before the sauna (1.0 +/- 0.1 pg/ml). No simultaneous change in plasma osmolality, plasma renin activity, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone, beta-endorphin and metenkephalin levels was observed. Despite the slight sauna-induced elevation in circulating vasopressin, intravenous injection of the specific vascular vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (5 micrograms/kg) 1 h after the sauna had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate or skin blood flow. These data suggest that vasopressin released into the circulation during a sauna session reaches concentrations which are not high enough to interfere directly with vascular tone.
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PMID:Haemodynamic role of vasopressin released during Finnish sauna. 375 60

Since current data on vasopressin (AVP) secretion during the early phase of myocardial infarction is not extensive, plasma AVP was measured in 26 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Twelve had an increased AVP concentration (23.2 +/- 7.0 pg/ml; mean +/- SEM) whereas 14 had an AVP level less than 3 pg/ml (1.96 +/- 0.14 pg/ml). The patients with AVP greater than 3 pg/ml had higher heart rate and plasma osmolality than those with AVP less than 3 pg/ml. Blood pressure values were the same in both groups of patients. There was no difference in peak CPK and iso CPK activities between the two groups. Seven patients with AVP greater than 3 pg/ml died within the next few days, while only 1 patient with AVP less than pg/ml died. It thus appears that increased AVP concentration during acute myocardial infarction is associated with a poor prognosis. Whether it is a cause or a consequence of an unfavourable course of myocardial infarction remains to be determined.
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PMID:[Vasopressin in acute myocardial infarct: clinical implications]. 381 98

Using three antisera to oxytocin (OT Pitt Ab-1, OT Pitt Ab-2, and TOR OT Ab), we found comparable levels of OT in response to infant suckling and during infusion of synthetic OT, and identical standard curves with biological and synthetic standards of OT. Pitt Ab-1, but not Pitt Ab-2 or TOR OT Ab, measured increased OT in response to estrogen. Using an arginine vasotocin RIA (TOR AVT Ab), we found an increase in AVT immunoreactivity after estrogen treatment. Mean basal OT levels measured with OT Pitt Ab-2 in plasma of men [0.75 +/- 0.06 (+/- SEM) microU/ml] and women (0.8 +/- 0.09 microU/ml) were lower than OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 (1.7 +/- 0.09 microU/ml in men and 1.7 +/- 0.07 microU/al in women; P less than 0.001). Mean OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 in the plasma of women given estrogen chronically (0.8 +/- 0.04 microU/ml) and acutely (0.6 +/- 0.15 microU/ml) were not significantly different from basal levels. OT levels measured with Pitt Ab-1 in the same samples were 4.6 +/- 0.5 and 4.3 +/- 0.5 microU/ml, respectively, both significantly increased from basal levels (P less than 0.001) and significantly higher than OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 (P less than 0.001). Mean OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 in the plasma of pregnant women was 8.6 +/- 1.02 microU/ml, significantly higher than OT measured with Pitt Ab-2 (1.0 +/- 0.3 microU/ml; P less than 0.001). Men given 25 mg diethylstilbestrol had significant increases in OT measured with Pitt Ab-1 and in AVT measured with TOR AVT (P less than 0.01), but not in OT measured with Pitt Ab-2. Plasma from a man given diethylstilbestrol was prepared for high performance liquid chromatography and applied to a C18 muBondapak reverse phase column. The plasma contained two peaks of immunoreactivity detected as OT with Pitt Ab-1 and as AVT using TOR AVT Ab. The material was not detected by Pitt Ab-2 or TOR OT Ab and did not coelute with standards of OT, AVT, or AVP. Pregnancy plasma, thioglycolic acid, chymotrypsin, and trypsin reduced Pitt Ab-1, Pitt Ab-2, and TOR OT immunoreactivity of synthetic OT. The percent recovery of OT immunoreactivity was not significantly different with Pitt Ab-1 vs. Pitt Ab-2. A novel peptide, which is increased in response to administered estrogen, is present in human plasma and is detected by some antisera to OT and AVT. The observation explains the wide variability in OT levels in the estrogen-primed state and provides a new mechanism to study estrogen-related physiology and pathophysiology.
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PMID:A novel oxytocin-like and vasotocin-like peptide in human plasma after administration of estrogen. 396 93

Levels of a novel oxytocin (OT)- and arginine vasotocin (AVT)-like peptide detected by one antiserum to OT (Pitt Ab-1) and one antiserum to AVT (Tor AVT) were recently found to rise in human plasma in response to administration of estrogen. The novel peptide rose in parallel with the estrogen-stimulated neurophysin (ESN). The mean level (+/- SEM) of ESN in plasma of 11 individuals with altered renal function (nondialyzed) was significantly higher than the level in individuals with normal renal function (4.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.04 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). In patients treated with hemo- or peritoneal dialysis, mean (+/- SEM) levels of ESN were 18.1 +/- 3.2 and 16.8 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, respectively. Levels of estradiol and estrone were not elevated and did not correlate with high levels of ESN. Levels of OT Pitt Ab-1, AVT, and ESN immunoreactivity were measured in plasma form nine patients undergoing hemodialysis and eight patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Mean (+/- SEM) levels of all three peptides were elevated (12.9 +/- 1.5 microU/ml, 32.1 +/- 6.7 pg/ml, and 13.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml, respectively). ESN was significantly correlated with OT Pitt Ab-1 and AVT (R2 = 0.80; P less than 0.001). Plasma samples from the same patients were pooled, treated, and separated by reverse phase HPLC. The plasma contained a peak of immunoreactivity detected by Pitt Ab-1 and Tor AVT Ab. The position of the material was distinct from that of synthetic OT, AVT, or AVP and corresponded to the position of the novel OT-like peptide found in plasma of individuals given estrogen. The findings support parallel secretion of the OT-like peptide with ESN and represent the first disease state characterized by high levels of this OT- and AVT-like peptide.
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PMID:High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of an oxytocin/arginine vasotocin-like peptide from the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. 397 67

Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated that nerve fibres containing immunoreactive vasopressin project to many areas of the central nervous system. In the present investigation, the presence of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (IR-AVP) in the hippocampus of Wistar rats was confirmed by radioimmunoassay. The vasopressin content of the dorsal hippocampus was 30.3 +/- 7.3 pg IR-AVP/mg soluble protein (mean +/- SEM, n = 9) and that of the ventral hippocampus was 81.4 +/- 8.3 pg IR-AVP/mg soluble protein (n = 9), while tissue from the cerebral cortex contained no detectable vasopressin. That the immunoreactivity was due to vasopressin was confirmed by its absence in hippocampal or cortical tissue from homozygous Brattleboro rats, which are genetically unable to synthesize vasopressin.
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PMID:Neurohypophysial peptides and the hippocampus. I. Vasopressin immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus. 666 24

We have studied plasma and cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin (CSF-AVP) and osmolality in 28 patients with cervical or lumbar pain syndromes (control patients), 11 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and in 5 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). Vasopressin concentration in lumbar CSF to a high extent reflected the actual ventricular CSF-AVP concentration. In all groups CSF-AVP was lower than plasma AVP. Mean CSF-AVP in the control group was 1.3 pg/ml +/- 0.1 (SEM). In the NPH patients, who all suffered from severe dementia, CSF-AVP level was not different from that found in the control group (1.4 pg/ml +/- 0.2). In contrast to the findings in the two other groups CSF osmolality in BIH patients was higher than plasma osmolality (P less than 0.0). CSF-AVP in the BIH patients, characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), was higher than in the control group (2.7 pg/ml +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Vasopressin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and benign intracranial hypertension. 711 92

In order to study the suitability of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissue for vasopressin (AVP)-mRNA detection, we used symmetric halves of 5 human hypothalami. In every case, one half was formalin fixed for 10-35 days and paraffin embedded while the other half was frozen rapidly. Following in situ hybridization (ISH) histochemistry on systematically obtained sections of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of both halves, total amounts of AVP-mRNA in these nuclei were estimated using densitometry of film autoradiographs. Total amounts of radioactivity were found to vary considerably between patients and amounted to 1297 +/- 302 arbitrary units (AU) (PVN) (mean +/- SEM) and 2539 +/- 346 (SON) for the cryostat sections and 868 +/- 94 (PVN) and 1259 +/- 126 (SON) for the paraffin tissue. Variations introduced by the method itself yielded a coefficient of variation of only 0.19. Furthermore, a non-significant negative trend with postmortem delay was found in cryostat tissue, but not in paraffin sections. No effect of fixation time was observed in the paraffin tissue. Both ways of tissue treatment have specific advantages and disadvantages that may be different for other probes or other brain areas. For ISH of a highly abundant mRNA like AVP in a very heterogeneous brain area such as the human hypothalamus, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections can be used for quantitative analysis of entire brain nuclei because of the small variation in this tissue, the remarkably good signal recovery (some 75% as compared to cryostat sections) and its practical advantages with regards to anatomical orientation, storage and sampling of the tissue.
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PMID:In situ hybridization for vasopressin mRNA in the human supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus; quantitative aspects of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections as compared to cryostat sections. 886 92

The accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) elicited by antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin, AVP) in the medullary collecting tubule (OMCD) microdissected from the rat kidney is inhibited by different factors: the A1 agonist of adenosine (-)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl) adenosine (PIA), an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine (CLO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The negative regulation elicited by PGE2 was further characterized by measuring summation of inhibition with other inhibitors, by testing the effect of pertussis toxin and by studying the part played by extracellular calcium. Inhibitors were used at concentrations inducing maximum effects. The simultaneous addition of 0.3 microM PGE2 with either 0.1 microM PIA or 1 microM CLO led to an inhibition of the response to AVP (80.0 +/- 3.5%, SEM, N = 7 and 92.6 +/- 0.8%, N = 5, respectively) greater than those elicited by each agent alone. In contrast, PIA and CLO added together induced an inhibition similar to that due to CLO alone. The action of PGE2 in combination with either PIA or CLO corresponded to a partial summation fitting with the values calculated by assuming a cumulative inhibition. Preincubation of OMCD samples with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml or 1 micrograms/ml) relieved the inhibitory effects of CLO and PIA but did not affect the action of PGE2. PGE2-induced inhibition was prevented in a calcium-free medium [0 Ca2+ + 0.1 mM [ethylene-bis (oxyethylene-nitrilo)] tetraacetate (EGTA)]: values were 67.0 +/- 2.1% and 5.8 +/- 8.7% (+/- SEM) in 2 mM Ca2+ and 0 Ca2+ medium, respectively, N = 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:PGE2-induced inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP accumulation in the OMCD of the rat kidney is cumulative with respect to the effects of alpha 2-adrenergic and alpha 1-adenosine agonists, insensitive to pertussis toxin and dependent on extracellular calcium. 810 83

Aging is frequently associated with changes in physiological and cognitive processes. Among these changes is a distinct dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the current experiments, aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function were compared in young (3- to 4-month-old) and aged (21- to 24-month-old) Fisher 344/N male rats. Basal ACTH and corticosterone levels during the circadian trough were elevated in aged compared to young rats. During the evening peak of the circadian cycle, plasma ACTH levels in the young and aged rats were comparable; however, aged rats had significantly lower corticosterone levels than young rats. Stimulus-induced secretion of pituitary-adrenal hormones was attenuated in aged rats. The ACTH response to hemorrhage in the aged group was only 45 +/- 3% of the hemorrhage response in young rats. Pituitary responsiveness to an iv CRF challenge was 58 +/- 6% of that in the young population. These changes were associated with a 38 +/- 5% loss of anterior pituitary CRF receptor number in the aged population. Changes in the hypothalamic regulation of pituitary-adrenal function were also evident in the aged rats. Hypophysial-portal blood concentrations of CRF were significantly greater in aged (56 +/- 6 pM) compared to young rats (37 +/- 4 pM; P < 0.02, by two-tailed unpaired t test; n = 8/group), whereas portal levels of arginine vasopressin were significantly reduced in aged (0.56 +/- 0.01 nM) compared to young rats (0.89 +/- 0.01 nM; P < 0.01, by two-tailed unpaired t test; mean +/- SEM; n = 8/group). Portal CRF responses to hemorrhage were significantly (P < 0.01) greater in aged rats, whereas hemorrhage-stimulated increases in portal AVP levels were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in the aged group compared to those in the young rats. Finally, regional assay of CRF content demonstrated significant reductions in the median eminence and frontal cortex of aged rats compared to young rats, whereas in situ hybridization analysis failed to reveal age-related differences in paraventricular CRF mRNA levels. Overall, these observations are consonant with the hypothesis that senescence is associated with hypothalamic CRF hypersecretion and a consequent down-regulation of corticotrope CRF receptor.
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PMID:Age-related alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in male Fischer 344 rats. 811 95

We examined the actions of potentially natriuretic autacoids in the isolated perfused cortical collecting duct (CCD) dissected from inbred Dahl (Rapp strain) salt-sensitive rats (SS). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, 10 nM), bradykinin (BK, 10 nM), and clonidine (1 microM) were studied to determine their effects on the lumen-to-bath flux of 22Na+ (J1-->b, pmol min-1 mm-1), hydraulic conductivity (Pf, micron/s), and transepithelial voltage (VT, mV). ANP and BK have been shown by others to significantly reduce net Na+ reabsorption and hydraulic conductivity in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat CCD, but previous results from our laboratory showed no ANP or BK effect in the SD CCD. In the present study, we were also unable to observe any effect of either ANP or BK in the SS rat CCD. However, in the presence of AVP, clonidine (a partial alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist) significantly reduced J1-->b and Pf from 139 +/- 6 (SEM) to 88 +/- 7 and from 959 +/- 176 to 490 +/- 73, respectively. In addition, clonidine significantly depolarized VT from -14.5 +/- 2.8 to -11.2 +/- 1.8. However, unlike its effects in the SD rat CCD, yohimbine (300 nM, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) did not significantly reverse the effects of clonidine on J1-->b, Pf or VT in the SS rat CCD.
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PMID:Clonidine, but not bradykinin or ANP, inhibits Na+ and water transport in Dahl SS rat CCD. 835 63


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