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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rat liver after extrahepatic biliary obstruction was studied by SEM and TEM in correlation with basic histochemical techniques. Cholestasis was verified by serological methods. The biochemical data (increase in serum bilirubin values, a gradual lowering of the albumin fraction), in agreement with the ultrastructural results of a sparse RER, suggested a gradual decrease of the protein synthetic activity of the hepatocyte. SEM and TEM revealed numerous fat-storing cells, closely associated with patches of connective fibrils in the subendothelial spaces. Further ultrastructural observations demonstrated: a) a proliferation of the intrahepatic biliary tree (ductular proliferation, including newly formed ducts with sacculation and diverticuli); b) an increased number of canaliculo-ductular junctions and, c) an increase in the length of the bile canalicular network due to its tortuous course, pocketing and side branching. The occurrence of an intact cytoplasmic barrier separating the bile canalicular lumen from the Disse's space together with the results obtained by retrograde infusion of ferritin into the biliary tree suggested that the regurgitation pathway by ductular reabsorption and by transhepatocytic transport is the best documented and most acceptable, at least in the rat.
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PMID:A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of experimental extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat. 733 53

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of balloon valvuloplasty in the young adult with congenital aortic stenosis and to compare its effectiveness with children. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is effective in children with congenital aortic stenosis, but not in adults with acquired calcific aortic stenosis. Because effectiveness of balloon valvuloplasty in young adults with congenital aortic stenosis is not well defined, we evaluated the outcome in 15 patients aged 16-24 years (18 +/- 0.6; mean +/- SEM) who underwent balloon valvuloplasty from 1985 to 1993. The aortic valve annulus diameter ranged from 18.5 to 30 mm (24 +/- 0.9). The aortic valve was bicuspid in 12 and tricuspid in 3 patients, and calcification was present in one patient. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed using a double balloon technique in 12 patients and a single balloon technique in three patients. Three patients had inadequate relief of gradient with a residual peak systolic gradient > or = 70 mm Hg. Three patients required valve replacement-two patients for a residual gradient > or = 70 mg Hg, and one patient 4 years later for severe aortic valve regurgitation. Eight of the remaining 12 have undergone elective follow-up catheterization 1.2-2.5 years (1.5 +/- 0.1) later. The peak systolic aortic valve gradient decreased by 55% from 73 +/- 5.8 mm Hg to 35 +/- 5.4 mm Hg immediately postvalvuloplasty, and was 30 +/- 4.4 mm Hg at follow-up (P < 0.001). The left ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 179 +/- 7.5 to 147 +/- 6.5 mm Hg immediately postvalvuloplasty and was 147 +/- 4 mm Hg at follow-up. Aortic insufficiency was unchanged after valvuloplasty in 9, increased by 1+ in 4, and by 2+ in 2 patients. Balloon valvuloplasty was as effective in these young adults as in 70 children (age 6 +/- 0.7 years) with congenital aortic stenosis (peak systolic gradient pre- 79 +/- 3 mm Hg versus post- 34 +/- 2 mg Hg; at 1-2 years follow-up 34 +/- 4 mm Hg). Balloon valvuloplasty provides effective treatment in most young adults with congenital aortic stenosis, without early restenosis. Balloon valvuloplasty is as effective in young adults as in children, where it is currently the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Effectiveness of balloon valvuloplasty in the young adult with congenital aortic stenosis. 882 32

Heart failure (HF) is a major problem in the long-term follow-up of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for HF in patients with CHD. N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured in 345 consecutive patients with CHD. HF was defined as an elevated N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide level (> or = 100 pg/ml) and reduced VO2max (< or = 25 ml/kg/min). The HF criteria were met by 89 patients. These patients were significantly older (mean +/- SEM 30.8 +/- 0.9 vs 24.8 +/- 0.5 years), had significantly lower maximal heart rates (149 +/- 3 vs 164 +/- 1 beats/min), and had larger end-diastolic right ventricular diameters (36 +/- 1 vs 27 +/- 1 mm) and right ventricular pressure estimated by Doppler flow velocities of tricuspid valve regurgitation (2.9 +/- 0.1 vs 2.3 +/- 0.03 m/s). Mean fractional shortening of the left ventricle was within the normal range. To estimate risk stratification, odds ratios for HF were determined for the most frequently occurring types of congenital heart defects and surgical procedures. In conclusion, HF in adults with CHD predominately depends on diagnosis, age, the frequency of reoperation, and right ventricular function and may be related to chronotropic incompetence indicated by lower maximal heart rates.
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PMID:Incidence and risk distribution of heart failure in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery. 1661 33

Questionnaires are widely used instruments to monitor gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, few of these questionnaires have been formally evaluated. We sought to evaluate our GI symptoms questionnaire in terms of clarity and reproducibility. Primary care patients referred for open access Helicobacter pylori urea breath testing reported GI symptoms (type+severity) and demographic information by written questionnaire. In an interview, patients gave a personal description of the meaning of the GI symptoms on the questionnaire. Patients' descriptions of GI symptoms were compared with current definitions. Symptom severity scores were compared before and after, interview versus questionnaire. Of the 45 patients included, 19 (42%) described all symptoms correctly, whereas 17 (38%) described one symptom incorrectly. None of the patients made more than three mistakes. Regurgitation was the most common incorrectly described symptom (16 patients [36%]), whereas the other individual symptoms were well explained. Symptom severities before the interview, after the interview and reported by questionnaire (mean value+/-SEM) were 2.1 +/- 0.2, 2.1 +/- 0.2, and 1.5 +/- 0.2 points on a 7-point Likert scale (0-6), respectively. Mean severity reported by interview (95% CI) was 1.4 (1.3-1.5) times higher than reported by questionnaire (P < .05). In conclusion, the GI symptom questionnaire is understandable and has good reproducibility for measuring the presence of GI symptoms, although symptom severity is consistently rated higher when reported by interview.
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PMID:Evaluation of a gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaire. 1692 33

Using LM and SEM methods, the study describes microstructures in particular areas of the tongue of the goose. A thick multilayered keratinized epithelium forms the "lingual nail" and covers small and giant conical papillae, whereby the first functions as an exoskeleton of the tongue apex, and the latter are arranged along the lingual and well-developed connective tissue cores, and together with the bill lamellae are involved in cutting. The row of conical papillae on the lingual prominence prevents regurgitation of transported food. In the area of the "lingual nail" and in the anterior part of the lingual prominence, Herbst corpuscles are accumulated, which allow to recognize food position. Filiform papillae, as widely distributed between the conical papillae of the body, are responsible for filtering. They can be explained as long keratinized processes of the epithelium and are devoid of connective tissue cores. During food transport, the flattened areas of the lingual body and the lingual prominence are protected by a parakeratinized epithelium, but the root is covered by a nonkeratinized epithelium. The presence of adipose tissue in the tongue probably reduces pressure during food passage, but also promotes mucus evacuation from the lingual glands, thus facilitating food transport. An entoglossal bone with a continuation as cartilage is the stable structural basis of the tongue system.
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PMID:Functional morphology of the tongue in the domestic goose (Anser anser f. domestica). 2183 Mar 8

Degradable heart valves based on in situ tissue regeneration have been proposed as potentially durable and non-thrombogenic prosthetic alternatives. We evaluated the acute in vivo function, microstructure, mechanics, and thromboresistance of a stentless biodegradable tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) in the tricuspid position. Biomimetic stentless tricuspid valves were fabricated with poly(carbonate urethane)urea (PCUU) by double-component deposition (DCD) processing to mimic native valve mechanics and geometry. Five swine then underwent 24-h TEHV implantation in the tricuspid position. Echocardiography demonstrated good leaflet motion and no prolapse and trace to mild regurgitation in all but one animal. Histology revealed patches of proteinaceous deposits with no cellular uptake. SEM demonstrated retained scaffold microarchitecture with proteinaceous deposits but no platelet aggregation or thrombosis. Explanted PCUU leaflet thickness and mechanical anisotropy were comparable with native tricuspid leaflets. Bioinspired, elastomeric, stentless TEHVs fabricated by DCD were readily implantable and demonstrated good acute function in the tricuspid position.
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PMID:Acute In Vivo Functional Assessment of a Biodegradable Stentless Elastomeric Tricuspid Valve. 3204 Jul 66


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