Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of diazepam on the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure is controversial. Therefore, a double-blind crossover study was performed on 18 healthy volunteers to determine the sphincter response to intravenous diazepam--70, 140, 280 microgram/kg, which correspond to a total dose of 5, 10, and 20 mg. respectively. After the 5 and 10 mg dose no signficant effect on LOS pressure could be observed when compared with placebo. After the 20 mg dose a significant rise in pressures (deltaPLOS) was recorded for 40 minutes with a maximum deltaPLOS of + 16.2 +/- 6.6 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg after 50 minutes (P less than 0.01) (46 +/- 1.3% increase above the basal pressure). It is concluded that diazepam does not affect lower oesophageal sphincter competence and therefore does not increase the risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration in premedicated patients.
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PMID:Effect of intravenous diazepam on human lower oesophageal sphincter pressure under controlled double blind crossover conditions. 36 84

The disappearance of IV injected [24-14C]cholic acid from plasma was studied in normal and mutant Corriedale and Southdown sheep exhibiting hereditary defects in hepatic organic anion transport. Hepatic cholic acid clearance was determined from the integral of the 40-minute disappearance curves fit to the sums of two exponential functions. Cholic acid clearance among Corriedale sheep was significantly less (P less than 0.05) for mutant sheep (8.44 +/- 0.86 SEM ml/minute/kg of body weight) than for normal sheep (12.7 +/- 0.58 ml/minute/kg). Cholic acid clearance in the Southdown mutant (1.97 +/- 0.59 ml/minute/kg) was less than 15% of normal clearance rate (13.3 +/- 2.2 ml/minute/kg). Clearance of [14C]taurocholic acid (curves fit to three exponential function) in the Southdown mutant (10.8 +/- 0.4 ml/minute/kg) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than cholic acid clearance, yet was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from normal taurocholate clearance (17.8 +/- 2.5 ml/minute/kg). Hepatic regurgitation of conjugated bile acid was not detected after [14C]cholic acid injection. Both the mutant Corriedale and Southdown sheep, which exhibited inherited defects in hepatic bilirubin transport similar to Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Gilbert's disease in man, exhibited defects in hepatic bile acid clearance.
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PMID:Bile acid clearance in sheep with hereditary hyperbilirubinemia. 52 32

Rate-corrected left ventricular ejection time was measured from the aortic pressure tracings of 171 catheterised patients with aortic valve area less than or equal to 1.2 cm2. In 50 patients with pure aortic stenosis, left ventricular ejection time in increased with decreasing valve area and was significantly higher (468 +/- 5 ms, mean +/- SEM) than in 13 normal subjects (435 +/- 5 ms). Additional aortic regurgitation in 72 patients further increased the left ventricular ejection time to 484 +/- 4 ms. Significant mitral stenosis (mitral valve are less than or equal to 1.2 cm2) in 6 patients with aortic stenosis and 33 patients with aortic stenosis and regurgitation reduced the left ventricular ejection time to normal. Similarly, severe mitral regurgitation in 3 patients with aortic stenosis and regurgitation reduced left ventricular ejection time to normal, though slight or moderate mitral regurgitation in 4 of these patients did not. These data show that the prolonged left ventricular ejection time in aortic valve disease may be restored to normal in the presence of coexisting significant mitral disease.
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PMID:Effect of additional valve lesions on left ventricular ejection time in aortic stenosis. 58 82

The pressures in the lower oesophageal sphincter (high pressure zone or HPZ) and stomach were measured in 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 14 patients with no gastrointestinal disease. All the patients were premedicated with morphine 10 mg i.m. In the patients without duodenal ulcer, the pressure gradient between HPZ and stomach was 6.6 +/- 0.62 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) before diminishing to 4.9 +/- 0.86 after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone. During fasciculations following i.v. suxamethonium, the gradient increased to 7.1 +/- 1.0 mm Hg. In patients with duodenal ulcer, although the absolute pressures were less, the gradients during the study were similar to those in healthy patients. We conclude that there is no increased risk of regurgitation during fasciculations induced by suxamethonium.
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PMID:Gastro-oesophageal pressure gradient changes produced by induction of anaesthesia and suxamethonium. 71 84

Gastric transplants using the Akiyama method were used to treat esophageal carcinoma in 12 patients. Endoscopic examination, prolonged manometry (greater than 30 min), and 24 h pH monitoring were performed postoperatively to evaluate functional results. All patients could swallow without difficulty at the time of examination and had no dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn, or sensation of abdominal fullness. Histologic examinations of residual esophagus showed microscopic esophagitis in 5 patients. Percentage of time that pH less than 4 was 42.6 +/- 10.9% (mean +/- SEM) and median pH was 4.3 +/- 1.0. The manometric examination showed no 'esophageal-like' peristaltic waves, but synchronous contractions were demonstrated in 9 patients, gastric type activity in two patients, and no activity was detected in one patient. We conclude that retained gastric peristaltic function is not a prerequisite for a good clinical outcome for swallowing and that despite vagotomy, the stomach continues to produce enough acid to maintain an acidic pH.
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PMID:Functional evaluation of gastric transplants used in esophageal reconstruction. 264 Jan 79

In patients with mitral stenosis, valve orifice calculations using pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as a substitute for left atrial pressure may overestimate the severity of disease. Previous studies have shown that mitral valve area determined from transseptal left atrial pressure measurements exceeds that area derived from pulmonary wedge pressure measurements. This is probably due to pulmonary venoconstriction, which is reversed by nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin, 0.4 mg, was administered sublingually to 20 patients with mitral valve disease during preoperative cardiac catheterization using the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as the proximal hydraulic variable. At the time of a peak hypotensive effect, 3 to 5 minutes after nitroglycerin administration, the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 23 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM) to 19 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). The mean diastolic transmitral pressure gradient (12.6 +/- 1.2 mm Hg before and 11.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg after nitroglycerin; p = NS) and cardiac output (4.0 +/- 0.3 to 4.1 +/- 0.3 liters/min; p = NS) did not change significantly. Nevertheless, the hemodynamic mitral orifice area, calculated using the Gorlin formula, increased from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.2 cm2 (p less than 0.05). In 12 patients with isolated mitral stenosis, without regurgitation, the mitral valve orifice area after nitroglycerin was 0.4 +/- 0.2 cm2 larger than it was before drug administration (p less than 0.05). Administration of nitroglycerin during evaluation of mitral stenosis eliminates pulmonary venoconstriction, which raises the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure above the left atrial pressure in some patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of nitroglycerin during hemodynamic estimation of valve orifice in patients with mitral stenosis. 311 Feb 39

The deleterious effect on enamel of continual acid challenge from regurgitation of gastric contents in bulimic subjects is well documented. No previous reports, however, have been published on chemical and physical measurements of teeth from such subjects, or on the importance of fluoride in maintaining their dentition. Teeth were obtained from a deceased anorexic and bulimic patient. Shortly before death this patient had saliva analyses and in vivo enamel biopsies at our clinic, before and after a 3-week regimen of daily rinsing with 0.05% NaF. After 4 years of daily regurgitation there was an almost normal thickness of the enamel surfaces typically "at risk", i.e. the palatal surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth, with normal hardness measurements 10 micron away from the outer surface. SEM micrographs showed an irregular topography, with crystalline deposits rich in calcium, phosphate and fluoride. These surfaces were more reactive to uptake of additional fluoride when given as a daily rinse, than the more protected, and therefore, presumed unaffected surfaces. Our findings suggest that frequent and meticulous oral hygiene measures can substantially minimize the erosive effect on tooth enamel of gastric contents in bulimic patients, especially if fluoride products are used regularly.
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PMID:Chemical and physical oral findings in a case of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. 312 25

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the utility of constant-rate injection of a nonrecirculating indicator (H(2)) for the measurement of cardiac output in man. 42 patients were studied during cardiac catheterization and 8 during acute complications of arteriosclerotic heart disease, including acute myocardial infarction. Pulmonary (or systemic) arterial H(2) concentration was measured chromatographically from 2.0 ml blood samples drawn during constant-rate injection of dissolved H(2) into the systemic venous circulation (or left heart). The chromatograph was a thermal conductivity unit housed in a constant-temperature water bath to achieve an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Intrapulmonary H(2) elimination from mixed venous blood was measured directly in 14 patients and averaged 98 +/-1.5% (SD). Reproducibility of output measurements was evaluated using triplicate determinations obtained over 45-60 sec in 25 consecutive patients. Coefficients of variation (SD/Mean x 100) averaged 3.4 +/-2.0%, making it possible to evaluate relatively small changes in measured output with conventional statistical tests. Individual measurements could be repeated at 10-15 sec intervals. Comparisons of H(2) and direct Fick measurements were made in 14 patients; H(2) outputs averaged 106 +/-4% (SEM) of Fick outputs (P > 0.1). Comparisons of H(2) and dye dilution measurements were performed in an additional 24 patients. Seven had angiographically-negligible valvular regurgitation and dye outputs averaged 106 +/-3% of H(2) outputs (P > 0.1). 17 had moderate-to-severe regurigation and dye outputs averaged 91 +/-4% of H(2) outputs (P < 0.05), suggesting a small but systematic error due to undetected recirculation of dye. The H(2) technique appears advantageous for rapidly repeated determinations of output, for quantitation of small changes in output, and for situations in which recirculation of conventional indicators is a potentially significant problem.
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PMID:Measurement of cardiac output in man with a nonrecirculating indicator. 493 84

We prospectively studied 104 patients with severe congestive heart failure (NYHA class III-IV) on admission and after clinical improvement. Clinical and echocardiographic data regarding the presence of secondary tricuspid incompetence were collected. Contrast echocardiographic and morphometric analyses of the inferior vena cava with determination of the diameter, the pulsation, and respiratory changes were carried out and the results were compared to those in a control group. Initially, tricuspid incompetence was present in 57% of the patients as shown by contrast echocardiography, and persisted in 34% after 31 +/- 5 days of appropriate medical treatment. In 43% of the patients, regurgitation of the tricuspid valve could not be clinically detected even though the incompetence was of moderate degree in 6 of these cases. Morphometric changes in the inferior vena cava were a sensitive indicator of the clinical response of the initiated therapy with diuretics and cardiac glycosides. The diameter of the inferior vena cava decreased from 14 +/- 0.8 mm/m2 (mean +/- SEM) to 12 +/- 0.9 mm/m2 (p less than 0.01, the systolic pulsation increased from 3.6% +/- 0.5% to 6% +/- 1% (p less than 0.05), and the respiratory change in diameter correspondingly increased from 16% +/- 3% to 26% +/- 4% (p less than 0.02). There was a linear correlation between the decrease in diameter of the inferior vena cava and in mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.734). The inspiratory increase in the right atrial V-wave was 87% +/- 8% in patients with tricuspid incompetence, whereas patients without tricuspid incompetence showed an inspiratory increase of 63% +/- 11%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Functional tricuspid insufficiency in patients with severe heart failure; follow-up study using echocardiography]. 671 93

Serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) under basal conditions and after pancreatic stimulation with secretin was studied in 10 patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) and in 10 control subjects. No significant difference was observed between basal values of the two groups (p = NS). The increase of serum IRT was already significant 5 minutes after secretin administration (p < 0.01) and persisted with significance for one hour in both groups. The integrated trypsin output (ITO) was significantly greater in type IV HLP than in controls (510.3 +/- 17.8 and 72.2 +/ 17.6 respectively, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.0125). Only 2 (20%) of 10 patients with HLP had an ITO in the range of the controls. No significant correlation was found between ITO and triglyceride levels (p = NS). The response of serum IRT to secretin in HLP patients appears comparable to that observed in alcoholics and in patients with chronic pancreatitis with mild to moderate exocrine dysfunction, in whom there may be an abnormal regurgitation of trypsin-like material into the blood stream after secretin stimulation, probably due to an obstruction to pancreatic secretory flow. A similar obstructive mechanism may be hypothesized also in patients with HLP, but no data concerning the exocrine pancreatic secretion and the histological features of the pancreas are available to confirm this hypothesis.
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PMID:Serum immunoreactive trypsin in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. 693 55


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