Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine acromegalic patients, six previously untreated, were studied before and after 3-15 months of treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995; 100 micrograms injected s.c. three times daily). During treatment, the mean (+/- SEM) 24-h GH concentration fell from 82 +/- 22 mIU/l to 33 +/- 7 mIU/l (P less than 0.001), and eight of the 9 patients showed a reduction of at least 50% in GH levels in the fasting state and/or during a glucose tolerance test. There was a significant 30% fall in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) with SMS. All patients showed rapid clinical improvement, with diminished sweating and headaches, and reduction in skinfold thickness, hand volumes and finger size. Computer tomographic scanning of the pituitary in eight patients showed no change in the size of the pituitary tumour during treatment. The only side-effects of SMS noted were transient abdominal discomfort and loose stools in two patients on initiating therapy. Although fasting plasma glucose concentration did not change during treatment (5.4 +/- 0.3 vs 5.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/l), mean 24-h plasma glucose concentration was higher with SMS (6.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l vs 6.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/l; P less than 0.02). Mean 24-h plasma insulin concentration fell from 87 +/- 11 mIU/l before treatment to 39 +/- 6 mIU/l during treatment (P less than 0.005). No change in other anterior pituitary hormones was observed. SMS appears to be a safe, rapidly effective, long-term treatment for certain patients with acromegaly.
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PMID:Effective long-term treatment of acromegaly with a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995). 287 56

Intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was given to eight patients with unresectable colorectal liver cancer and to one patient after radical hepatectomy. A subcutaneous intraperitoneal access device was implanted, and treatment consisted of continuous infusion of 1,000 mg 5-FU/d for 5 days, repeated every 6 weeks. Evaluation of treatment was performed after every two cycles of therapy. A total of 32 infusion cycles were given. The mean steady-state concentration of 5-FU was 0.56 +/- 0.04 mumol/l (mean +/- SEM), and the total body clearance was 10.0 +/- 0.71/min mean +/- SEM). The levels of 5-FU in peripheral venous blood were stable and reproducible. When incubated in whole blood at 37 degrees C the concentration of 5-FU fell rapidly and after 2 h, only 22% of the starting level remained. When kept ice-cold, 5-FU samples were stable. Patient acceptance was excellent, and the therapy was free from complications except for slight abdominal discomfort, not enough to require alleviation by analgesic drugs. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed stationary tumor volume after two cycles of therapy in four of eight patients who could be evaluated. It is concluded that continuous intraperitoneal infusion of 5-FU produces stable and reproducible levels of the drug in peripheral venous blood, that 5-FU is degraded by blood cells at 37 degrees C, that the use of a subcutaneous access device makes the delivery easy and safe, and that the efficacy of the therapy seems to be similar to that obtained with hepatic arterial infusion.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal infusion of 5-FU in liver metastases from colorectal cancer. 334 46

The supplementation of a breakfast by 10 g of guar, pectin, agar or locust bean gum in powder form in 13 maturity onset, non-insulin dependent diabetics failed to decrease significantly the post-prandial rise in plasma glucose and insulin seen after a similar meal without the supplement. The values of one hour post-prandial increment in blood glucose seen with guar powder were, for control meal (mean +/- SEM) 5.8 %/- 0.4 mmol/l, for test, 5.7 +/- 0.5; with pectin powder, control 6.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, test 5.0 +/- 1.2 mmol/l; with agar powder, control 7.5 +/- 1.0, test 7.0 +/- 0.5; with locust bean gum powder, control 5.9 +/- 1.0, test 5.0 +/- 0.7. The equivalent values for one hour insulin (microU/ml, mean +/- SEM) were, for guar powder, 51 +/0 21 and 51 +/- 16; for pectin powder 60 +/- 24 and 63 +/- 17; for agar powder, 27 +/- 9 and 36 +/- 11 and, for locust bean gum powder 53 +/- 26 and 62 +/- 18. The guar, pectin and locust gum tended to form lumps, and all the substances tested were unpalatable in powder form producing feelings of abdominal discomfort and abnormal fullness. Administering the same quantity of guar or pectin in a well hydrated form (but not premixed with the carbohydrate portion of the food) to the same people under identical conditions did not enhance its effectiveness. Supplementing diets with any of these sources of dietary fibre in either of these forms and in these amounts is unlikely to be beneficial in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes.
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PMID:Dietary fibre supplementation of a 'normal' breakfast administered to diabetics. 625 39

Twenty-four patients with reversible airflow obstruction under suboptimal control on conventional therapy entered a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of additional oral sustained release aminophylline. Assessment was by diary cards, twice daily PEFR, and weekly FEV1. Nineteen patients completed the trial satisfactorily. Eleven were improved subjectively by addition of aminophylline. The mean PEFR for all 19 patients rose from 232 1 min-1 SEM +/- 5, to 247 1 min-1 SEM +/- 4 (p less than 0.0001); nine individuals showed a statistically significant improvement in mean PEFR and 10 showed an improvement of greater than 200 ml in their FEV1. Improvement in PEFR on aminophylline was not at the expense of benefit from inhaled salbutamol. Unwanted effects of nausea, headache, and abdominal discomfort were recorded by 12 of the 24 patients entering the trial. Seventeen of the 19 patients completing the trial had plasma theophylline levels in the accepted therapeutic range of 10-20 mg 1(-1). The drug doses required to achieve these levels varied from 8.6-30.8 mg kg-1 24 hr-1 in the patients with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. Oral aminophylline can improve control of airflow obstruction in patients with moderately severe disease who are already receiving multiple medication, but side-effects often limit its use. The wide dose range required to achieve therapeutic plasma levels indicates that measurements of plasma theophylline are necessary for adequate interpretation of trials of theophylline compounds.
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PMID:Sustained release oral aminophylline in patients with airflow obstruction. 702 36

The motor patterns and luminal capacity of the human intestine should affect symptoms and resorption during pathological, massive small intestinal flow. Little is known of human intestinal motility in this situation. This study aimed at mimicking secretory diarrhoea (experimentally) in healthy volunteers by intrajejunal infusion of a non-absorbable iso-osmotic solution at 20 ml/min. During the infusion intraluminal jejunal pressures and small intestinal transit times were measured. The infusion initially caused jejunal contractile activity similar to that of the fed state but this was replaced by discrete clusters of contractions (DCCs) after 29.1 ((SEM) 8.2) minutes. DCCs each lasted 38 ((SEM) 0.8 seconds) and were associated with colicky abdominal discomfort. Later, after 1400-1800 ml had been infused, distal jejunal pressure waves fell to 10 mm Hg or less. Frequent fasting DCCs predicted earlier onset and more frequent DCCs during the infusion. Thus, the rate and volume of flow during simulated secretory diarrhoea determine the pattern of the small bowel pressure profile; eventually, a volume load is reached in which the small bowel acts as a poorly segmenting conduit resulting in very fast transit rates.
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PMID:Response of the human intestine to high volume infusion. 820 May 57

A total of 32 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported so far in Korea, excluding 21 egg-positive cases from stool examinations. Authors experienced five more human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection, especially infected due to eating raw flesh of redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila. Five cases were neighbors residing in the Puchon area, Kyonggi-do, who ate raw mullets (L. haematocheila) in a party in February 1996. The mullets were purchased at the Noryangjin fisheries market in Seoul. All of cases (2 males and 3 females) were 35 to 43 years old and healthy with the body weight range of 56-62 kg. They complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort, but were in normal ranges of their hematology and urinalysis data. None revealed any sign of anemia. The patients experienced natural discharge of a chain of segments before, and showed diphyllobothriid eggs in their stool specimens when they visited our laboratory. They were administered with praziquantel (15 mg/kg of body weight) and 30 g of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two whole worms with the scolices (310-340 cm in length; 8-13 mm in width) were expelled each from two out of five cases after anthelmintic treatment, and the others expelled the parts of strobilae without scolex. The worms were identified as D. latum, based on the following biological characters: external morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus, cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, position of vagina and uterine pore, and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the eggs.
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PMID:[Five human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection through eating raw flesh of redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila]. 944 11