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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Correction of cardiovascular risk factors is of particular significance in a high-risk population, such as that of diabetic patients. This paper reports the effects of one-month administration of 400 mg/day Bezafibrate (BZF), followed by a two-month wash-out and one-month administration of 500 mg/day Acipimox (APX) or vice versa in a random order in 16 Type 2 diabetic patients with diet-resistant hyperlipidaemia and in good metabolic control (HbA1c less than 8%), on plasma fibrinogen and on their lipid pattern. Metabolic control displayed a nonsignificant improvement (HbA1c) during both treatments (stable body weight). Both BZF and APX produced a 14% decrease in total CHOL (p less than 0.01), whereas BZF was more effective in reducing triglycerides (tg) (-37% vs -15%). The marked BZF-induced Tg reduction was associated with a proportional decrease in Apo B, while an increase in total HDL-, HDL2 and HDL3-CHOL, together with a significant increase in Apo AI, was observed. APX treatment resulted in a HDL2-CHOL increase only (+29%). Both drugs reduced VLDL-CHOL (BZF -37%; APX -15%) and VLDL-Tg (-56% and -34%). In BZF treated patients Apo CIII fell indicating a possible reduction of specific inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity, while APX affected both Apo CII (+23%) and Apo CIII (-26%) and led to a 62% Apo CII/CIII ratio increase. BZF alone led to a significant 25% decrease in plasma fibrinogen (from 415 +/- 14.3 to 312.1 +/- 18.1 SEM mg/dl, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of bezafibrate and acipimox on the lipid pattern and plasma fibrinogen in hyperlipidaemic type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. 139 77

The effect of exclusive lactation on lipid levels was investigated by evaluating serum concentrations of total and lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and apoprotein (apo) B in mothers during and after exclusive, prolonged lactation. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were measured at delivery (n = 195), at 2 (n = 165), 6 (n = 119), 9 (n = 74), and 12 months (n = 32) of lactation, and 2 months (n = 27) after ending this exclusive lactation. In a subgroup of 34 mothers, serum levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2), HDL3, and LDL apo B were determined at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months of lactation. The mean value of serum total cholesterol concentrations decreased from 6.2 +/- 0.12 (SEM; n = 195) at delivery to 4.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/L (n = 116) at 6 months of exclusive lactation (P < .001). The average decrement in total cholesterol level was 0.80 mmol/L (P < .001) from delivery to 2 months of lactation and 0.55 mmol/L (P < .001) from 2 to 6 months of lactation, and levels were stable thereafter. In the 27 mothers who were exclusively breast-feeding their infants at 9 months of lactation and whose serum cholesterol levels were measured 2 months after the end of lactation, cholesterol levels increased rapidly to 5.7 +/- 0.21 mmol/L (P = .001). In the subgroup of 34 mothers who were examined more closely, the course just described was also true for serum TG, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and LDL apo B levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations in mothers during and after prolonged exclusive lactation. 146 Nov 38

This study was designed to compare changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in normolipidaemic male insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) following dietary supplementation with either the fish oil concentrate Max EPA or olive oil. The contribution of the small quantity of cholesterol in Max EPA to these changes was also examined. Twenty-seven subjects were matched in groups of three and randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups of nine subjects each. Subjects were given 15 1-g capsules of oil daily for 3 weeks, consisting of either Max EPA, olive oil, or olive oil to which was added the same amount of cholesterol as contained in Max EPA, respectively. There was a significant increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, and a decrease in arachidonic acid, in the platelet membrane phospholipids of subjects taking Max EPA. In this group, there was an approximately 30% increase in serum HDL2-cholesterol (0.59 +/- 0.07 to 0.77 +/- 0.11 mmol/L, mean +/- SEM; P less than .01) and a corresponding decrease in HDL3-cholesterol (0.79 +/- 0.03 to 0.71 +/- 0.03 mmol/L; P less than .05). Although total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were also higher after Max EPA, the changes were not significant. Triglycerides were significantly decreased by Max EPA. There were no significant changes in lipids in the groups given olive oil. These results show that compared with olive oil, dietary supplementation with Max EPA substantially increases HDL2-cholesterol in insulin-dependent diabetics. This is most likely due to a selective effect of omega 3 fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of diets supplemented with fish oil or olive oil on plasma lipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetics. 200 36

To assess whether subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with changes in lipoprotein fractions, 13 patients maintained in a stable state of subclinical hypothyroidism for at least 3 months were studied prior to and 2 and 4 months following restoration of a euthyroid state with incremental levothyroxine sodium therapy. Thyrotropin levels ( +/- SEM) had decreased from 16.6 +/- 3.2 mU/L to 3.1 +/- 0.7 mU/L and 3.2 +/- 0.7 mU/L at 2 months and 4 months. At 2 months, levothyroxine treatment led to a decrease in levels of total cholesterol from 5.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (213 +/- 12 mg/dL) to 4.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (186 +/- 12 mg/dL), in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from 3.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (143 +/- 12 mg/dL) to 2.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (112 +/- 12 mg/dL), and in apolipoprotein B from 91 +/- 8 mg/dL to 74 +/- 7 mg/dL. At 4 months, levels of LDL-C and apolipoprotein B remained significantly lower than pretreatment values (2.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L [112 +/- 8 mg/dL] and 75 +/- 6 mg/dL, respectively). While high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL3-C, and apolipoprotein A-I were not significantly affected by levothyroxine therapy, there was a slight trend of increase in HDL2-C during levothyroxine substitution. There was also a tendency for a decrease in triglyceride levels from 1.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/L (115 +/- 18 mg/dL) to 0.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/L (80 +/- 9 mg/dL) at 4 months of levothyroxine therapy. Levels of HDL-C tended to decrease from 4.8 +/- 0.4 mmol/L (186 +/- 15 mg/dL) to 4.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/L (174 +/- 19 mg/dL) at 2 months and to 3.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/L (151 +/- 15 mg/dL) at 4 months. The LDL-C/HDL-C ratio also decreased from 3.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (128 +/- 12 mg/dL) to 2.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/L (112 +/- 19 mg/dL) and 2.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (97 +/- 12 mg/dL) at 2 months and 4 months, respectively. These results suggest that long-term levothyroxine therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a decrease in LDL-C and apolipoprotein B levels that are reflected in a trend of decreases in cholesterol/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios known to have a relationship with coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in subclinical hypothyroidism. Effect of levothyroxine therapy. 222 95

We examined the effects on blood pressure, plasma lipoproteins, and platelet function when marine oil supplements (rich in n-3 fatty acids) or vegetable oil supplements (rich in n-6 fatty acids) were added to the usual diets of patients with mild essential hypertension. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, patients received 50 g of either marine oil (n = 8) or vegetable oil (n = 8) daily for 6 weeks following a baseline observation period. Diastolic blood pressure declined during treatment with fish oil (mean +/- SEM, 96 +/- 2 v 89 +/- 2 mm Hg, P = .02), but did not change with vegetable oil (92 +/- 1 v 94 +/- 1 mm Hg). Systolic blood pressure did not change significantly during either treatment. Serum triglycerides declined (by approximately 30%) in patients receiving only marine oil, but total cholesterol, LDL-, HDL-, HDL2-, and HDL3-cholesterol-subfractions and apolipoproteins A-I and B were unchanged in both treatment groups. Bleeding time increased by 33% during treatment with marine oil but did not change with vegetable oil supplements. Marine oil did not alter in vitro platelet aggregation thresholds. The lack of a significant correlation between blood pressure changes and platelet membrane fluidity, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, norepinephrine, or epinephrine suggests that these variables did not mediate the antihypertensive effect of the marine oil. We conclude that large doses of marine oil reduce diastolic blood pressure, lower triglycerides, and increase bleeding time in patients with mild hypertension.
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PMID:Effects of n-3 fatty acids in essential hypertension. 222 42

To study the role of the two postheparin plasma lipolytic enzymes, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism at a population level, we determined serum lipoproteins, apoproteins A-I, A-II, B, and E, and postheparin plasma LPL and HL activities in 65 subjects with a mean HDL-cholesterol of 34 mg/dl and in 62 subjects with a mean HDL-cholesterol of 87 mg/dl. These two groups represented the highest and lowest 1.4 percentile of a random sample consisting 4,970 subjects. The variation in HDL level was due to a 4.1-fold difference in the HDL2 cholesterol (P less than 0.001) whereas the HDL3 cholesterol level was increased only by 32% (P less than 0.001) in the group with high HDL-cholesterol. Serum apoA-levels were 128 +/- 2.2 mg/dl and 210 +/- 2.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) in hypo- and hyper-HDL cholesterolemia, respectively. Serum apoA-II concentration was elevated by 28% (P less than 0.001) in hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The apoA-I/A-II ratio was elevated only in women with high HDL-cholesterol but not in men, suggesting that elevation of apoA-I is involved in hyperalphalipoproteinemia in females, whereas both apoA proteins are elevated in men with high HDL cholesterol. Serum concentration of apoE and its phenotype distribution were similar in the two groups. The HL activity was reduced in the high HDL-cholesterol group (21.2 +/- 1.5 vs. 38.5 +/- 1.8 mumol/h/ml, P less than 0.001), whereas the LPL activity was elevated in the group with high HDL-cholesterol compared to subjects with low HDL-cholesterol (27.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 19.9 +/- 0.8 mumol/h/ml, P less than 0.001). The HL and LPL activities correlated in opposing ways with the HDL2 cholesterol (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.51, P less than 0.001, respectively), and this appeared to be independent of the relative ponderosity by multiple correlation analysis. The results demonstrate major influence of both HL and LPL on serum HDL cholesterol concentration at a population level.
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PMID:Postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase are determinants of hypo- and hyperalphalipoproteinemia. 250 59

The peripheral production of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and of the subclasses HDL2 and HDL3 was assessed by measurement of the arteriovenous fluxes across the human forearm, at rest and after 20 min isometric exercise in the forearm. Eight subjects were studied twice--fasting and after a high-fat meal--and one other subject was studied only after fat loading. In the fasted state the net fluxes of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were slightly negative in the resting forearm, but they became positive during exercise, indicating greater production during short-term muscular activity. The effect of exercise, particularly that on HDL3 cholesterol, was greatly increased by a high-fat meal; the difference in HDL3 cholesterol arteriovenous flux between rest and exercise was significant (-0.06 [SEM 0.05] vs 0.51 [0.17] mumol/100 ml forearm/min). By contrast, there was no peripheral production of HDL2 or HDL3 cholesterol during exercise in two patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency. These findings suggest that formation of HDL3 during lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase in the muscle capillary bed is influenced by the supply of chylomicrons and other lipoprotein substrates for this enzyme. Muscle blood flow may therefore be an important determinant of HDL production by this mechanism. The effect of exercise in raising HDL cholesterol, and the inverse relation between exercise and coronary heart disease, may be partly the result of this process.
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PMID:Effects of exercise and fat ingestion on high density lipoprotein production by peripheral tissues. 257 47

The serum lipoprotein concentrations, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and apolipoproteins Al and B were measured in 21 patients (14 male and seven female) with nephrotic range proteinuria (greater than 3g/24hr), well maintained renal function (creatinine clearance greater than 35 mliter/min/1.73m2) and biopsy-proven primary glomerular disease. In these, and in a further five patients (creatinine clearance greater than 15 mliter/min/1.73m2), urinary apolipoprotein Al output was determined. Total HDL cholesterol was similar in patients and controls, but in male patients, HDL2 was low (0.54 +/- 0.10 mmole/liter, mean +/- SEM) compared to controls (0.75 +/- 0.04 mmole/liter, P less than HDL3 was high (0.81 +/- 0.07 in patients and 0.63 +/- 0.02 mmole/liter in controls, P less than 0.01). In women, there was a similar tendency for HDL2 to be lower in patients (0.68 +/- 0.18 mmole/liter) than in controls (0.85 +/- 0.10 mmole/liter). Multiple regression analysis revealed that major determinants of the urinary apolipoprotein Al output were the urinary protein output and selectivity index (multiple r = 0.85). Furthermore, some patients lost apolipoprotein Al into their urine at rates indicating increased production of apolipoprotein Al in the nephrotic syndrome. The serum HDL subfraction concentrations in the nephrotic syndrome could be explained by a combination of increased HDL production and increased urinary loss of low molecular wt HDL.
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PMID:Serum and urinary high density lipoproteins in glomerular disease with proteinuria. 309 2

Serum HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins AI and AII and post heparin lipolytic activities (PHLA) have been measured in a group of fourteen hypothyroid women without ovarian oestrogen secretion before and during a 2-month thyroxine treatment. The more rapid and consistent observed event was a decrease in apo AI levels (164 +/- 5 vs. 149 +/- 5 mg dl-1, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.05) correlated (r = 0.79, P less than 0.05) to a slight increment of PHLA. A slight decrease in apo AII concentration was seen only after 5 days (25 +/- 2 vs. 22 +/- 2 mg dl-1, P less than 0.05) and in HDL cholesterol only after 60 days (1.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.5 mmol 1-1, P less than 0.05). Apo AI, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were measured in another group of seven hypothyroid postmenopausal women before and after a 2-month thyroxine treatment. We observed a decrease in HDL2 cholesterol (1.69 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.17 +/- 0.09 mmol 1-1, P less than 0.02) with no changes in HDL3 cholesterol (0.88 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.06 mmol 1-1, NS). The decrease in HDL2 cholesterol correlated (r = 0.72, P = 0.05) with that for apo AI. The differential influence of thyroxine (T4) administration on the major HDL components might reflect changes in HDL composition due to the multiple effects of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism. It can be hypothesized that the decrease in apo AI and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations are due, at least in part, to the increase in hepatic lipase activity.
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PMID:Time-course of alterations of high density lipoproteins (HDL) during thyroxine administration to hypothyroid women. 311 68

Human obesity is frequently associated with elevated plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with weight loss. This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations in massively obese patients after weight loss. Ten massively obese patients (two men and eight women, age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of weight loss and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were within the normal range for sex and age before weight loss and did not change significantly during or after weight reduction. In the females, HDL cholesterol concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with weight reduction. In the two men, plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after weight loss. Specific binding of 125I-HDL2 and 125I-HDL3 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after weight loss in six of the ten obese patients. An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I-HDL2 and 125I-HDL3 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after weight loss. Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations before weight loss but not after weight loss (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Weight loss in massive obesity: reciprocal changes in plasma HDL cholesterol and HDL binding to human adipocyte plasma membranes. 337 24


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