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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The magnetic-chitosan particle was prepared and characterized by the SEM, XRD, FT-IR and employed as an adsorbent for removal fluoride from the water solution in the batch system. The Langmuir isotherms, Bradley's isotherm, Freundlich isotherm and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (DKR) isotherm were used to describe adsorption equilibrium. The kinetic process was investigated using the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and intra-particle diffusion model, respectively. The results show that the magnetic-chitosan particle is amorphous of irregular clumps in the surface with groups of RNH(2), RNH(3), Fe-O, etc. Bradley's equation and two-sites Langmuir isotherms were fitted well with the adsorption equilibrium data; the maximal amount of adsorption of 20.96-23.98 mg/l and free energy of 2.48 kJ/mol were obtained from the Bradley's equation, two-sites Langmuir isotherm and DKR modeling, respectively. The pseudo-second-order with the initial adsorption rate 2.08 mg/g min was suitable to describe the kinetic process of fluoride adsorption onto the adsorbent. In overall, the major mechanism of fluoride adsorption onto the heterogeneous surface of magnetic-chitosan particle was proposed in the study.
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PMID:Characteristics of equilibrium, kinetics studies for adsorption of fluoride on magnetic-chitosan particle. 1712 81

Etching of surfaces by ion beam sputtering is widely used to pattern surfaces. Recent studies using the high-spatial-resolution capability of the scanning tunneling microscope, atomic force microscope and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) disclose in fact that ion bombardment creates repetitive structures at micro-nanometre scale, waves (ripples), checkerboards or pyramids. The phenomenon is related to the interaction between ion erosion and diffusion of adatoms (vacancies), which causes surface re-organization. In this paper we investigated the ripple pattern formation on Si substrates by low energy Ar+ ion bombardment and the dose effect on ripple size. We also briefly discussed the irradiation effects (at normal incidence) on ripple pattern for different irradiation time. Finally, based on Bradley and Harper (BH) theory we proposed a model to understand the mechanism of ripple pattern change due to Ar+ ion beam irradiation.
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PMID:Low energy Ar+ ion beam irradiation effects on Si ripple pattern. 2145 40

Nanoparticles of iron oxide generated by wearing of vehicles have been modelled with a tailored solution of size-uniform engineered magnetite particles produced by the Bradley reaction, a solvothermal metal-organic approach rendering hydrophilic particles. The latter does not bear any pronounced surface charge in analogy with that originating from anthropogenic sources in the environment. Physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by a wide range of methods, including XPD, TEM, SEM, DLS and spectroscopic techniques. The magnetite nanoparticles were found to be sensitive for transformation into maghemite under ambient conditions. This process was clearly revealed by Raman spectroscopy for high surface energy magnetite particles containing minor impurities of the hydromaghemite phase and was followed by quantitative measurements with EXAFS spectroscopy. In order to assess the toxicological effects of the produced nanoparticles in humans, with and without surface modification with ATP (a model of bio-corona formed in alveolar liquid), a pathway of potential uptake and clearance was modelled with a sequence of in vitro studies using A549 lung epithelial cells, lymphocyte 221-B cells, and 293T embryonal kidney cells, respectively. Raman microscopy unambiguously showed that magnetite nanoparticles are internalized within the A549 cells after 24 h co-incubation, and that the ATP ligand is retained on the nanoparticles throughout the uptake process. The toxicity of the nanoparticles was estimated using confocal fluorescence microscopy and indicated no principal difference for unmodified and modified particles, but revealed considerably different biochemical responses. The IL-8 cytokine response was found to be significantly lower for the magnetite nanoparticles compared to TiO(2), while an enhancement of ROS was observed, which was further increased for the ATP-modified nanoparticles, implicating involvement of the ATP signalling pathway in the epithelium.
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PMID:Visualization of custom-tailored iron oxide nanoparticles chemistry, uptake, and toxicity. 2307 Jan 50