Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The water-rich phase (tissue channels) of the intersititial tissue in rat ileum, knee joint capsules, kidneys, and implanted Guyton's capsules was examined electron microscopically by the SEM of plastic injection models, and by TEM and HVEM of ferrocyanide and ferritin as tracers. It was shown that the channels do in fact exist, and are not just vacuoles. Quantitative estimations of their numbers and diameters were made. These agreed well with estimates made by other methods.
 ...
PMID:The quantitative morphology of interstitial tissue channels in some tissues of the rat and rabbit. 72 12

This paper describes four investigations of the olfactory mucosa of the brown trout: 1) the ultrastructure of the olfactory mucosa as revealed by scanning (SEM), conventional transmission (TEM), and high voltage (HVEM) electron microscopy; 2) light and electron-microscopic investigations of retrograde transport of the tracer macromolecule horseradish peroxidase (HRP) when applied to the cut olfactory nerve; 3) SEM and TEM investigations of the effects of olfactory nerve transection on cell populations within the olfactory epithelium; and 4) ultrastructural investigations of reversible degeneration of olfactory receptors caused by elevated copper concentrations. The trout olfactory epithelium contains five cell types: ciliated epithelial cells, ciliated olfactory receptor cells, microvillar olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells. The ciliated and microvillar olfactory receptor cells and a small number of basal cells are backfilled by HRP when the tracer is applied to the cut olfactory nerve. When the olfactory nerve is cut, both ciliated and microvillar olfactory receptor cells degenerate within 2 days and are morphologically intact again within 8 days. When wild trout are taken from their native stream and placed in tanks with elevated copper concentrations, ciliated and microvillar cells degenerate. Replacement of these trout into their stream of origin is followed by morphologic restoration of both types of olfactory receptor cells. Ciliated and microvillar receptor cells are primary sensory bipolar neurons whose dendrites make contact with the environment; their axons travel directly to the brain. Consequently, substances can be transported directly from the environment into the brain via these "naked neurons." Since fish cannot escape from the water in which they swim, and since that water may occasionally contain brain-toxic substances, the ability to close off--and later reopen--this anatomic gateway to the brain would confer a tremendous selective advantage upon animals that evolved the "brain-sparing" capacity to do so. Consequently, the unique regenerative powers of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons may have their evolutionary origin in fishes.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural neurobiology of the olfactory mucosa of the brown trout, Salmo trutta. 139 70

Fibrinogen labelled colloidal gold was used in a direct labelling procedure with surface activated human platelets. Utilizing this technique, the platelet membrane receptor for fibrinogen was visualized by both scanning and high voltage electron microscopy. Changes in the degree of fibrinogen binding and the whole cell distribution of the fibrinogen receptor are associated with the progression of the morphological transformation induced following platelet activation. While unstimulated platelets do not bind fibrinogen, the amount of fibrinogen bound per platelet increases rapidly during the early stages of shape change characteristic of surface activation. Redistribution of fibrinogen receptors to the central areas of platelets occurs following saturation of receptor sites. The ease of preparation of the label and its easy detection by electron microscopy make it useful for correlative HVEM and SEM studies of the relationship between receptor redistribution and cytoplasmic ultrastructural reorganization.
 ...
PMID:Use of colloidal gold to examine fibrinogen binding to human platelets. 666 60

The fine structure of the several layers and regional specializations in the Drosophila melanogaster eggshell has been studied by a combination of shell isolation procedures and ultrastructural techniques (conventional TEM, whole-mount TEM, SEM, HVEM, freeze-fracture electron microscopy utilizing rotary replication, shadow casting, optical diffraction and stereo imaging). The main shell consists of 5 layers: the vitelline membrane (300 nm thick), the wax layer, the innermost chorionic layer (40-50 nm), the endochorion (500-700 nm), and the exochorion (300-500 nm). The vitelline membrane consists of irregularly organized particles. The wax layer appears to contain multilayered hydrophobic plates which split tangenitally upon freeze fracturing. The innermost chorionic layer is composed of a crystalling lattice. The endochorion is made of a thin (40 nm) fenestrated floor composed of 40-nm fibres and an outer solid (200 nm) roof covered with a network of 40-nm strands. Intermittently spaced pillar connect these 2 parts. Similarities in the substructure of the floor, pillars and roof suggest that they may be composed of similar or identical structural elements. The specialized regions of the shell are the 2 respiratory appendages, the operculum area and the posterior pole. The appendages exhibit 2 sharply distinct surfaces, a dorsal side with isolated 1.5-micrometer plaques and a ventral side with strands of 40-50 nm connected in a network with openings of 70-80 nm. The operculum area, which includes the micropoyle and the collar, is distinguished by 3 unique types of cell imprints. The posterior pole contains 2 distinctive populations of cell imprints: the central area has very thin intercellular ridges and a thin, perforated, endochorionic roof, while the peripheral area contains mixed, thick and thin, intercellular ridges and serves as a transition zone to the main shell pattern. The pillars in the central area of the posterior pole have a distinct arrangement, forming one peripheral circle within each cell imprint. An analysis utilizing structural and developmental criteria indicates that as many as ten different populations of follicular epithelial cells may be involved in the construction of the various regions of the Drosophila eggshell.
 ...
PMID:The eggshell of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Fine structure of the layers and regions of the wild-type eggshell. 677 86