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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors have measured the androgen receptor concentrations in the cytosol and nucleus of 13 carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) patients and compared these values to those in an age-matched group of 23 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Histologic classification of the tumors was carried out and the receptor content was correlated to the grade and stage of the disease. The mean +/- SEM receptor values for BPH (cytosol: 115 +/- 18 fmol/g tissue; nucleus: 140 +/- 34 fmol/g tissue) were not significantly different from those measured in CaP (cytosol: 105 +/- 23 fmol/g tissue; nucleus: 83 +/- 23 fmol/g tissue). There was a positive correlation between nuclear and cytosolic receptors in both BPH and CaP. Our data revealed, however, the absence of any correlation between histologic grade in CaP and receptor content. If, however, the tumors were classified according to the stage of the cancer using the TNM system, "early disease" tumors maintained significantly lower Gleason score (4.4 +/- 0.61) and receptor levels (cytosol: 63.8 +/- 31.2 fmol/g tissue; nucleus: 46.2 +/- 26.5 fmol/g tissue) than those measured in the "late disease" (Gleason score: 7.0 +/- 0.56; cytosol receptor: 146.2 +/- 20.5; nuclear receptor: 117.2 +/- 31.6) (P less than 0.05); therefore the staging of the disease bears a great impact on the capacity of the tumor to specifically bind androgens.
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PMID:Androgen receptors in cancer of the prostate. Correlation with the stage and grade of the tumor. 242 68

We measured the concentrations of testosterone and its metabolites in serum and prostate glands of Nigerians, a low risk population for prostatic tumours, by means of radioimmunoassay after solvent and chromatographic extractions. Our results show that the values of serum testosterone in normal, elderly Nigerian men (447.0 +/- 112 ng./dl.) and those with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (430 +/- 112 ng./dl.) were similar (p greater than 0.05) and compare with values reported for Caucasians. In the Nigerian patients with advanced prostatic cancer, the serum testosterone concentrations (314 +/- 202 ng./dl.) were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than those of Nigerians with normal prostate and BPH. This again is similar to reports in Caucasians with metastatic prostatic cancer. The serum concentrations of testosterone metabolites in our patients were the same in normal BPH and cancer subjects. The ratios of testosterone to its metabolites were similar in our normal and BPH subjects but lower in cancer patients. Also the testosterone concentrations in BPH glands of Nigerians (0.5 +/- 0.03 SEM ng./gm.) compared favourably with those reported from the western world. The testosterone concentrations in malignant prostate gland (7.9 +/- .06 SEM ng./gm.) were significantly higher than those in hypertrophic glands. This again agrees with the pattern in Caucasians. The DHT concentrations (4.9 +/- 0.3 SEM ng./gm.) were considerably higher in BPH than in cancerous glands (1.7 +/- 0.2 SEM ng./gm.). This pattern has been documented elsewhere. Because the concentrations and pattern of distribution of androgens in serum and prostate gland of our patients are comparable to published Caucasian and black American values, any difference in incidence rates of BPH and carcinoma of the prostate between whites, Afro-Americans and indigenous Africans may not be related to androgens.
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PMID:Androgen concentration in blacks with benign and malignant prostatic disease. 245 27

The concentration in serum of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin has been measured, and from these measurements free testosterone has been calculated in 75 patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with either bilateral orchidectomy, stilbestrol, or estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). After exclusion of 3 noncompliant patients, total testosterone did not differ significantly between treatments, but free testosterone was lower in estrogen-treated patients (5.9 +/- 0.9 (SEM) pmol/l, n = 28) compared with the orchidectomized patients (23 +/- 1.4 pmol/l, n = 44) (P less than 0.001); all of the estrogen-treated patients falling in the lower third of the range of the orchidectomized patients. Free testosterone did not change systematically during several years of treatment and there was no evidence of a rise with clinical deterioration. In the 33 patients with metastatic cancer treated with orchidectomy, the third with the lowest free testosterone or total testosterone showed a better survival over 2 years than the two-thirds with higher free or total testosterone; thereafter, the advantage was lost.
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PMID:Relationship of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and calculated free testosterone to subsequent clinical progress in patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with bilateral orchidectomy or estrogens. 365 25

A sensitive and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for urinary unconjugated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol is described. The mean overall recovery of unconjugated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol was found to be 57.4%. The sensitivity of the assay was 79 fmol per assay tube and the intra and inter-assay variations ranged between 7.2% and 11.4%. The mean +/- SEM for the concentration of this androgen in the urine of normal men was 339.6 +/- 66.8 nmol/24 h. The corresponding values for patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and carcinoma of the prostate (Ca) were 297.8 +/- 44.7 and 1592.1 +/- 622.7 respectively. The mean value for Ca patients was significantly higher than either BPH (p less than 0.05) or normal subject (p less than 0.02), suggesting a differential urinary excretion pattern for unconjugated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol between BPH and Ca patients. It is concluded that the combined measurement of this androgen in the plasma and urine provides a more accurate assessment of the profile of this hormone than a single plasma estimation.
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PMID:Urinary unconjugated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in patients with prostatic tumours. 618 May 40