Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

L-671,152, a new potent water-soluble inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II in vitro, was applied topically to cynomolgus monkey eyes in which glaucoma had been produced by argon laser photocoagulation of the trabecular mesh-work. Intraocular pressure was measured at 0 hours, 0.5 hours, and hourly for 8 hours in eight eyes for 2 baseline days, 1 day receiving the vehicle and 5 days receiving therapy with 2% L-671,152 twice a day, after initial single-dose trials of various concentrations. Intraocular pressure was not significantly different comparing baseline and vehicle-treated days. Significant intraocular pressure reductions occurred from 1 to 8 hours after the first dose, and lasted for at least 16 hours after the second dose. The reduction in intraocular pressure became more pronounced from day 1 to day 5 at each time interval. The mean (+/- SEM) maximum reduction in intraocular pressure was 7.8 +/- 2.1 mm Hg on day 1 and 10.1 +/- 2.4 mm Hg on day 5 at 3 hours after administration, comparing the intraocular pressure in drug-treated and vehicle-treated eyes. L-671,152 has a longer duration of action than does previously studied MK-927 in glaucomatous monkeys. It appears to have great clinical potential.
 ...
PMID:The ocular hypotensive effect of the topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor L-671,152 in glaucomatous monkeys. 232 52

A binding site for tritiated 2-amino-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) has been partially characterized in the rabbit iris root-ciliary body. Binding of ADTN is proportional to protein content and requires at least 60 minutes to reach equilibrium. Binding is saturable, with a Kd of 27 +/- 1 nM and a Bmax of 2.1 +/- .3 pmol/mg protein (mean +/- SEM). Dopamine competes for this site with a Ki of 100 nM and apomorphine with a Ki of 180 nM. This site is not blocked by L-timolol, phenoxybenzamine, or by several DA1 and DA2 antagonists. It appears to be a new type of catecholamine binding site, of a type not observed outside the anterior eye. It is possible that some of the effects of dopamine on intraocular pressure are mediated through this binding site.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of unique ADTN-catecholamine binding sites in the iris root-ciliary body of rabbits. 256 Jun 92

The intraocular pressure (IOP) responses to two standard tests of autonomic nerve function were studied in 15 healthy subjects, mean age 33 years (range: 20-64). Both tests are based on cardiovascular reflexes: (1) The rise in diastolic blood pressure provoked by sustained isometric muscle contraction, a response mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and (2) The heart-rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre, a response mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system. During sustained isometric exercise, the mean IOP decreased significantly from baseline values of 12.60 mmHg (SEM 0.55) to 11.26 mmHg (SEM 0.32, p less than 0.05) while mean diastolic blood pressure increased by 20.80 mmHg (range: +12 to +53 mmHg). However there was no direct correlation between them (r = -0.05). Post exercise the mean IOP remained significantly lower than baseline values for five minutes (p less than 0.01). During the Valsalva manoeuvre, there was a significant increase in IOP of 7.20 mmHg from a baseline of 12.80 mmHg (SEM 0.45) to 20.00 mmHg (SEM 0.78, p less than 0.001); during the recovery period, mean IOP was significantly lower than baseline values at 12.13 mmHg (SEM 0.39, p less than 0.05). The mean Valsalva ratio was normal at 1.68 (range: 1.2-2.6). The possible mechanisms involved in these responses are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Intraocular pressure responses to systemic autonomic stimulation. 260 24

In 30 patients with previously untreated open-angle glaucoma an intraocular pressure (IOP) curve was taken before and during treatment with PGF2 alpha-isopropylester (PGF2 alpha-IE) eye drops in one eye. Compared with the pretreatment IOP, the PGF2 alpha-IE induced a slowly increasing reduction in IOP. Just before the first dose the IOP was 31.4 (SEM 1.6) mm Hg. When corrected for the fall in pressure observed in the fellow eye the largest reduction, 5.8 (SEM 0.7) mm Hg (p less than 0.001), was obtained 24 hours later, that is, 12 hours after the second dose. In a subgroup of 10 patients the treatment was continued for one week. In this group the final pretreatment IOP was 25.9 (SEM 1.3) mm Hg. The reduction 24 hours later was 4.5 (SEM 0.6) mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The effect was maintained and even slightly increased during the week, and on the seventh day of treatment the IOP reduction ranged between 4.8 and 7.6 mm Hg compared with the pretreatment IOP. No serious subjective or objective side effects were observed.
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandin F2 alpha-isopropylester eye drops: effect on intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma. 261 Nov 94

A single drop, dose-response, double-masked study of the effect corynanthine, a selective alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist, on intraocular pressure (IOP) was carried out in 10 symmetrically ocular hypertensive patients. Corynanthine 1% had no significant pressure lowering effect. Topical application of a 2% solution significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced IOP for at least eight hours; at five hours, mean IOP (+/- SEM) was 20.6 +/- 2.0 mmHg and 26.0 +/- 4.9 mmHg, comparing treated and control eyes, respectively. The 5% solution caused a significant (P less than 0.05) bilateral reduction in IOP, comparing treated and control eyes to baseline IOP respectively. Two percent corynanthine applied topically two or three times daily for one, two, or three weeks to seven patients with symmetrical ocular hypertension did not reduce IOP. Alpha adrenergic antagonists may have a role in the treatment of glaucoma.
 ...
PMID:The effect of corynanthine on intraocular pressure in clinical trials. 286 19

We investigated an unselected series of 55 patients with treated or untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease, assessing their clinical and laboratory status and ophthalmological findings, including the difference in intraocular pressure (dIOP) between upgaze and straight gaze using applanation tonometry. An increased dIOP (greater than 2 mm Hg) was detected in only 22% of Graves' patients [who had a mean dIOP of 3.5 +/- 1.6 (+/- SEM) mm Hg]. dIOP did not correlate with age, sex, age at disease onset, duration of disease, mode of antithyroid treatment, or thyroid function testing at the time of examination. Mean Hertel exophthalmometry measurements in patients with a dIOP greater than 2 mm Hg were 22.0 +/- 2.9 mm compared with 18.4 +/- 3.7 mm in those with a dIOP less than 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.027, by Wilcoxon rank sum test). Only 58% of patients with increased dIOP had clinical exophthalmos, but all had other evidence of Graves' eye disease. Computed tomographic scanning revealed significant proptosis and/or orbital muscle involvement in all of the patients with increased dIOP.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and clinical associations of intraocular pressure changes in Graves' disease. 298 92

In order to assess the efficacy of hypromellose as a viscoelastic substance in cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, we studied a series of 88 cases who underwent surgery with either alternate use of a viscoelastic substance (hypromellose, 39 patients, or sodium hyaluronate, 5 patients) or air (44 patients) in the anterior chamber. Endothelial cell loss was least in the group in which air was used (18 +/- 3% cell loss, mean +/- SEM), compared with hypromellose (26 +/- 3%) and sodium hyaluronate (28 +/- 6%), but the difference in percentage cell loss between the groups did not reach statistical significance. Some operative difficulties were encountered in both groups. In both the air and hypromellose groups there were two patients with an early postoperative rise in intraocular pressure, but this was easily controlled, and in both groups there were two patients with postoperative corneal oedema which soon cleared. Visco-elastic substances used in this study were not shown to be superior to air in protecting the corneal endothelium. For this reason use of hypromellose should be confined to situations where its use is likely to confer some special advantage, as in the presence of a bound-down pupil in patient's with chronic glaucoma or perhaps to facilitate "in the bag" implantation.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy and safety of hypromellose in ocular implant surgery. 367 11

The optic nerves of 34 eyes of 34 patients with low-tension glaucoma were compared with those of 41 eyes of 41 patients with high-tension glaucoma. Mean intraocular pressure in the low-tension group was 16.9 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) compared with 31.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg in the high-tension group. Mean total visual field loss was not significantly different in the two groups, as determined by computerized threshold perimetry (OCTOPUS). The optic disc rim in low-tension eyes was significantly thinner than in high-tension eyes (P = .018); the largest difference occurred inferiorly and inferotemporally (P less than .001). The appearance of the optic nerve is useful to distinguish between these two subtypes of glaucoma and may be a more meaningful indicator than intraocular pressure. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are at least two different mechanisms for optic nerve damage in glaucoma.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the optic nerve head in high- and low-tension glaucoma. 402 44

The effects of neurolept and enflurane anesthesia on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in 20 patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery. Ten received neurolept and ten enflurane anesthesia. Continuous EEG tracings recorded the level of anesthesia. IOP was measured before and at intervals during anesthesia at varying concentrations of enflurane and incremental doses of fentanyl. During level I neurolept anesthesia IOP increased from control values of 18.10 +/- 0.93 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 19.50 +/- 1.65 mm Hg, but decreased to 14.55 +/- 0.84 mm Hg during level II and to 12.29 +/- 1.13 mm Hg during level III anesthesia. During enflurane anesthesia IOP decreased from control values of 19.00 +/- 1.44 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 14.50 +/- 1.60 mm Hg during level, I, 14.10 +/- 1.04 mm Hg during level II, and 11.60 +/- 1.46 mm Hg during level III anesthesia. The increase in IOP during neurolept level I anesthesia was not statistically significant but the decreases in IOP from control values during levels II and III anesthesia were statistically significant. Decreases in IOP from control values were statistically significant at all levels of enflurance anesthesia. There was, however, no statistical significance between the differences in IOP values during levels II and III neurolept anesthesia, nor between levels I, II, and III enflurane anesthesia. The differences in the mean IOP values between neurolept and enflurane anesthesia were statistically significant only during EEG level I anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Intraocular pressure during enflurane and neurolept anesthesia in adult patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. 610 Dec 99

The effects of corynanthine tartrate, a selective alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, were studied on intraocular pressure by pneumatonometry, outflow facility by tonography, and aqueous humor flow by fluorophotometry in laboratory animals. Unilateral topical administration of 5% corynanthine significantly lowered mean IOP (+/- SEM) in rabbits for at least six hours, in ten awake monkeys for six hours, and in ten monkeys anesthetized with ketamine for four hours. The maximum effect in awake monkeys occurred two hours after drug administration, from 15.8 +/- 0.5 mm Hg to 12.7 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, with no substantial change in control eyes. No change in outflow facility was demonstrated in 11 monkeys two hours after 5% corynanthine administration. Aqueous humor flow rates did not change in 12 monkeys up to three hours after drug administration. Corynanthine may act by increasing uveoscleral outflow.
 ...
PMID:Corynanthine and aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits and monkeys. 614 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>