Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pH-adjustment of local anesthetic solutions with sodium bicarbonate may shorten onset time and improve spread of neural blockade. The authors undertook a prospective, double-masked, randomized study to see if a pH-adjusted mixture of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and hyaluronidase had faster and more complete onset of neural blockade, when used for peribulbar anesthesia. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to four groups and received a peribulbar block with one of four mixtures: group 1 (L) = 2% lidocaine, group 2 (LPH) = 2% lidocaine with 0.06 meq/ml sodium bicarbonate, group 3 (LE) = 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (commercially prepared), or group 4 (LEPH) = 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine with 0.06 meq/ml sodium bicarbonate. To 5 ml of each of the preceding groups, 5 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine and 150 units of hyaluronidase was added. After each block, extraocular muscle movement was followed in each quadrant until akinesia developed. In the event of incomplete akinesia, blocks were supplemented at 20 minutes. The LPH group had the fastest onset to complete akinesia (7.0 +/- 2.0 minutes, mean +/- SEM) when compared with the onset time of all other groups (group 1 = 11.5 +/- 1.9 minutes, group 4 = 13.1 +/- 1.4 minutes, and group 3 = 16.0 +/- 1.8 minutes, significance greater than 95% by analysis of variance). Furthermore, when compared with group 3 by analysis of variance, group 4 had a faster onset time. The authors conclude that pH-adjustment of solutions with bicarbonate of either lidocaine/bupivacaine/hyaluronidase or commercially prepared lidocaine with epinephrine/bupivacaine/hyaluronidase decreases the onset time of peribulbar anesthesia.
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PMID:Peribulbar anesthesia. Effect of bicarbonate on mixtures of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and hyaluronidase with or without epinephrine. 200 83

The concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in lateral ventricular fluid of patients with extrapyramidal motor disease were determined by specific radio-immunoassay. Mean SLI levels were significantly lower in patients with Parkinson's disease (mean +/- SEM); 42.9 +/- 2.9 fmol/ml) and in patients with dystonic syndromes (39.4 +/- 3.2) than in patients with benign essential tremor (65.3 +/- 9.7). The lowest levels were found in patients with athetosis (34.7 +/- 5.4). In parkinsonian patients somatostatin levels correlated with the degree of akinesia, rigidity and autonomic disturbances.
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PMID:Ventricular somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in patients with basal ganglia disease. 286 2

Aim of this study was the characterization of the circadian melatonin profile in de novo Parkinson patients (N = 9, age 60.0 +/- 3.2 years, mean +/- SEM) and the comparison of these profiles with those of controls and Parkinson patients treated with l-dopa/decarboxylase inhibitor (l-dopa/DCI). We collected 14 venous blood samples during a period of 24 hours and measured the serum melatonin levels by a radioimmuno assay. De novo Parkinson patients displayed the nocturnal melatonin peak (acrophase) at the same time as controls and significantly later than l-dopa/DCI treated patients (1:54 +/- 15.6 min [average clock time +/- SEM in minutes] vs. 1:45 +/- 15.6 min vs. 0:13 +/- 40.8 min). The amount of secreted melatonin did not differ among the three groups. Stage and duration of Parkinson's disease did not correlate with the amount of secreted melatonin. Patients of the tremor subgroup, however, secreted more melatonin than patients presenting only with rigidity and akinesia. The phase advance in Parkinson patients treated with l-dopa/DCI is possibly due to a central nervous dopaminergic effect elicited by l-dopa administration and not inherent to Parkinson's disease per se.
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PMID:Circadian secretion pattern of melatonin in de novo parkinsonian patients: evidence for phase-shifting properties of l-dopa. 836 2

We studied the effect of the addition of hyaluronidase to a mixture of lignocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.75% for peribulbar anaesthesia in 60 patients presenting for elective intra-ocular surgery. Using a randomised, double-blind design, patients were allocated to one of three groups: no hyaluronidase (group A) (n = 20); hyaluronidase 50 iu.ml-1 (group B) (n = 20); hyaluronidase 150 iu.ml-1 (group C) (n = 20). The speed of onset of the block, the presence of akinesia, analgesia and the need for supplementary injections were assessed. The addition of 150 iu.ml-1 of hyaluronidase resulted in a mean (SEM) time to akinesia of 9.2 (0.9) min compared to 10.9 (0.9) min in the control group and 10.7 (1.1) min in those receiving the lower dose. Fewer patients in group C required a further injection (20%) than those in groups A (40%) or B (45%). None of the findings were statistically significant. Hyaluronidase was not associated with any complications.
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PMID:An evaluation of two concentrations of hyaluronidase for supplementation of peribulbar anaesthesia. 869 95

A potent heteronymous excitation of quadriceps motoneurones via common peroneal group II afferents has recently been demonstrated in normal subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this group II excitation contributes to rigidity in Parkinson's disease. The early and late facilitations of the quadriceps H reflex elicited by a conditioning volley to the common peroneal nerve (CPN) at twice motor threshold, attributed to non-monosynaptic group I and group II excitations, respectively, were investigated. The comparison was drawn between results obtained in 20 "de novo" patients with Parkinson's disease (hemiparkinsonian, 17; bilateral, three) and 20 age-matched normal subjects. There was no statistically significant effect of "group" (patients/controls), "duration", "global severity" [Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)] or "side" (unilaterally versus bilaterally affected) factors on either group I or group II facilitations. To further the analysis, the factors of status (affected or non-affected limb), akinesia (lower limb akinesia score) and rigidity (lower limb rigidity score) were entered in a general linear model to explain the variations of the quadriceps H reflex facilitation. Rigidity was the only factor useful in predicting the value of the group II facilitation of the quadriceps H reflex (P < 0.007). Group I and group II facilitation was then compared between the rigid, non-rigid and control lower limbs [multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)]. Results are represented as mean +/- SEM (standard error of the mean). Group II facilitation was enhanced in the rigid lower limb of unilaterally affected patients (153.2 +/- 7% of control H reflex) compared with non-rigid lower limbs (124 +/- 4% of control H reflex; P < 0.007) or control lower limbs (126.1 +/- 4.1%; P < 0.01). There was no difference between the non-rigid lower limbs of the unilaterally affected patients and the control lower limbs, but a difference was observed between the rigid lower limbs of unilaterally less affected and bilaterally more affected patients (153.2 +/- 7% and 123.8 +/- 7.5% of control H reflex, respectively; P < 0.04). These results suggest a facilitation of the transmission in the interneuronal pathway activated by group II afferents in rigid lower limb of de novo hemiparkinsonian patients, probably resulting from a change in their descending monoaminergic inhibitory control.
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PMID:Transmission of group II heteronymous pathways is enhanced in rigid lower limb of de novo patients with Parkinson's disease. 1218 57