Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the calcium-entry blocker nicardipine on brachial hemodynamics were studied in 22 patients (18 male, 4 female) with essential hypertension, who were treated with 20 mg tid for 1 year. Compliance, characteristic impedance, vascular resistances, and tangential tension were measured before treatment and after 1, 3, and 12 months of treatment by an automatic recording from a B-mode, high-resolution, real-time scanner and pulsed Doppler velocimetry for the calculation of the flow volume. We observed statistically significant variations in compliance and impedance after 1 month (3.21 +/- 0.59 dyn-1 cm4 10(-7) vs. 1.26 +/- 0.16 dyn-1 cm4 10(-7) and 50.6 +/- 4.7 dyn s cm-510(2) vs. 91.4 +/- 7.3 dyn s cm-5 10(2), respectively; mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.001), while tangential tension was significantly reduced after only 3 months (23.2 +/- 2.2 mmHg vs. 25.4 +/- 2.3 mmHg cm; p less than 0.05). The correlation between variations in mean blood pressure and in the hemodynamic parameters studied remained statistically significant throughout the study. Nicardipine improved the parameters of large-artery hemodynamics that favor a normal systolic pulse.
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PMID:Effects of long-term nicardipine treatment on hemodynamics of large arteries in essential hypertension. 248 45

To ascertain whether small shifts in plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) exerted biological effects in hypertension, we studied the renal, hemodynamic, and hormonal effects of ANF [human ANF-(99-126)] infused at a dose (0.75 pmol/kg/min for 3 hours) that would induce changes in plasma ANF confined to the normal, resting range, in a group of six young men with uncomplicated, mild essential hypertension. During ANF infusions, the patients excreted 11.8 +/- 2.0 mmol (mean +/- SEM) sodium more than during the time-matched placebo phase natriuresis (p less than 0.001, mean increase of 53% above placebo values). Urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine monophosphate rose to more than double (212%, p less than 0.001) placebo values. Plasma renin activity (0.4 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.12 nmol/l/hr, p less than 0.0001) and aldosterone concentrations (102 +/- 4 vs. 184 +/- 47 pmol/l, p less than 0.05) were clearly suppressed during administration of ANF. Plasma norepinephrine also fell significantly below placebo values (268 +/- 17 vs. 439 +/- 35 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). Urine volume, the excretion of electrolytes other than sodium, hematocrit, effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and filtration fraction were unaffected by ANF. Similarly, plasma concentrations of epinephrine, arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol were unchanged. Blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged. Minor perturbations in plasma ANF concentrations exert clear biological effects in patients with mild essential hypertension. These data suggest that such minor shifts in plasma ANF are of physiological relevance in mild hypertension and probably contribute to volume homeostasis in this condition.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor in hypertension: bioactivity at normal plasma levels. 252 19

1. Plasma levels of immunoreactive N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (N-terminal ANP) have been measured in 25 normal subjects, 29 patients with essential hypertension, six cardiac transplant recipients, seven patients with dialysis-independent chronic renal failure and 11 patients with haemodialysis-dependent chronic renal failure. Plasma was extracted on Sep-Pak cartridges and N-terminal ANP immunoreactivity was measured using an antibody directed against pro-ANP (1-30). 2. Plasma levels of N-terminal ANP (means +/- SEM) were 235.3 +/- 19.2 pg/ml in normal subjects and were significantly raised in patients with essential hypertension (363.6 +/- 36.3 pg/ml), in cardiac transplant recipients (1240.0 +/- 196.2 pg/ml), in patients with chronic renal failure not requiring dialysis (1636.6 +/- 488.4 pg/ml) and patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis (10336.1 +/- 2043.7 pg/ml). 3. There were positive and significant correlations between the plasma levels of N-terminal ANP and alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) with individual correlation coefficients of 0.68 within the normal subjects, 0.47 in patients with essential hypertension, 0.78 in patients with dialysis-independent chronic renal failure and 0.68 in patients with haemodialysis-dependent chronic renal failure (P less than 0.05 in every case).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunoreactive N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in human plasma: plasma levels and comparisons with alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in normal subjects, patients with essential hypertension, cardiac transplant and chronic renal failure. 253 Oct 55

1. Angiotensin (ANG) levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of 15 patients with essential hypertension on a high sodium diet for 1 week and on a low sodium diet for a further week. ANGs were determined using a system of extraction by Sep-Pak cartridges followed by h.p.l.c. combined with radioimmunoassay. 2. Sodium depletion resulted in increases of ANG II in the cerebrospinal fluid from 1.16 +/- 0.38 (SEM) to 1.83 +/- 0.43 fmol/ml (P less than 0.01) and of ANG III from 0.65 +/- 0.11 to 0.86 +/- 0.15 fmol/ml (P less than 0.01). 3. The ANG II level in the cerebrospinal fluid was found to be unchanged and recovery of added ANG II was approximately 90%, even after incubation for 3 h, on both diets. Thus, it is unlikely that ANG II is produced or degraded in the cerebrospinal fluid in vitro. 4. There was no significant correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid and the plasma ANG II concentration on the low sodium diet. 5. These results suggest that the cerebrospinal fluid ANG II level increases with sodium depletion, and that the effect of the level of ANG II on the activity of the angiotensin-forming system in the central nervous system may be assessed by determination of ANG II in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid angiotensin II by sodium intake in patients with essential hypertension. 255 28

The usual regimens of captopril--twice or thrice daily administration--are based on the duration of the decrease in plasma angiotensin II induced by captopril. In a study performed to evaluate the hypotensive effect of once daily captopril, 13 white patients with mild-to-severe uncomplicated hypertension were treated with one tablet of captopril 100 mg daily, taken 1-1.5 h before lunch, for 8 weeks. Arterial blood pressure was measured weekly, 22-23.5 h after medication. The patients' diet contained no more than 120 mmol/day of sodium. In the first week supine blood pressure fell from 210 +/- 3/128 +/- 4 (mean +/- SEM) to 179 +/- 5/116 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001/p less than 0.01 compared with pretreatment). After the large decrease in the first week changes in systolic and diastolic pressures tailed off; they tended to fall towards stable values that would be maintained on prolonged treatment. At the end of the eighth week the supine values were 155 +/- 3/104 +/- 3 (p less than 0.001/p less than 0.001). Changes in erect blood pressure paralleled those in the supine posture. No side effects were detected. These results confirm that captopril is efficacious when given alone to patients with essential hypertension who are taking a low sodium diet. Blood pressures were not, however, reduced to normotensive levels. Captopril's hypotensive effect in once daily administration appears to be independent of its effects on circulating angiotensin II. Captopril alone 100 mg/day is thus indicated in essential hypertension and should be prescribed once daily to obtain the best possible compliance.
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PMID:Once-daily administration of captopril and hypotensive effect. 258 Jan 69

The antihypertensive efficacy of combination therapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and a diuretic or a calcium antagonist was compared in 16 patients with essential hypertension with a blood pressure of over 160/95 mm Hg having triple drug therapy. While monotherapy with a calcium antagonist--usually verapamil 500 mg/day or nitrendipine 70 mg/day--did not reduce diastolic blood pressure to greater than 95 mm Hg, this goal was achieved in 15 out of 16 patients with the combination of captopril (53 mg/day) and the calcium antagonists in the above dose (151 +/- 4/88 +/- 2 SEM mm Hg) and in 13 out of 16 patients with captopril (84 mg/day) and a diuretic (158 +/- 4/91 +/- 1 mm Hg). There was a direct relationship between intraindividual pressure responses to the two drug combinations (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001). Heart rate was similar and weight lower on the captopril-diuretic combination. Captopril's antihypertensive efficacy can be equally enhanced by calcium antagonists (without affecting renin long term) as by diuretics, which are thought to work by stimulating the renin-angiotensin system. The calcium antagonist-captopril combination may be of particular advantage in hypertensive patients who are otherwise difficult to treat.
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PMID:Antihypertensive treatment using calcium antagonists in combination with captopril rather than diuretics. 258 Jan 83

1. Resting and stimulated free calcium concentrations have been measured in platelets loaded with the fluorescent probe quin2 from 30 patients with essential hypertension and from 30 age-matched controls. 2. Cytosolic free calcium concentrations were 94.6 +/- 2.7 (mean +/- SEM) in the hypertensive group and 91.7 +/- 2.8 nmol/l in the normotensive group, the difference was not significant. 3. Arginine vasopressin caused a transient increase in platelet free calcium concentration in all subjects. In the presence of extracellular calcium the increase was significantly higher in the control subjects than in the hypertensive patients (P = 0.005). In the absence of extracellular calcium, arginine vasopressin caused much smaller increases, and there was then no difference between the responses of the two groups. 4. Platelet free calcium concentrations were measured again in 13 patients after 8 weeks treatment with either verapamil (n = 6) or atenolol (n = 7). The reductions in systolic pressure after drug treatment were correlated with the changes in cytosolic free calcium concentrations (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01).
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PMID:Platelet cytosolic free calcium in essential hypertension: responses to vasopressin. 276 58

The Clonidine Suppression Test (CST) was performed in 8 patients with Labile hypertension (Group I), 8 patients with mild and moderate Essential hypertension (Group IIa), 8 patients with severe Essential hypertension (Group IIb) and 6 patients with pheochromocytoma (Group III). The mean plasma catecholamine (CA) levels as estimated by a Spectrofluorimetric method were significantly reduced 3-4 hours after administration of clonidine (5 micrograms/kg) by mouth in Group I, IIa & IIb patients. Plasma norepinephrine levels fell from 1.82 +/- SEM 0.35 ng/ml to 1.03 +/- 0.11 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) in Group I, 1.64 +/- 0.36 ng/ml to 0.88 +/- 0.12 ng/ml (p less than 0.025) in Group IIa, 1.23 +/- 0.16 ng/ml to 0.86 +/- 0.12 ng/ml (p less than 0.005) in Group IIb patients. Plasma epinephrine levels fell from 0.35 +/- 0.06 ng/ml to 0.16 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) in Group I, 0.34 +/- 0.04 ng/ml to 0.22 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (p less than 0.01) in Group IIa, 0.33 +/- 0.06 ng/ml to 0.18 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (p less than 0.025) in Group IIb patients. The blood pressure and heart rate showed a similar response. By contrast, in patients with pheochromocytoma, the mean plasma CA levels did not show any significant fall, and even rose during the CST, but, when repeated post-operatively, showed normal suppression. No serious side effects were noticed. We conclude that the CST is a safe and reliable test for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clonidine suppression test--an evaluation of its diagnostic significance in hypertensive patients. 277 99

The effect of high-dose ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on the blood pressure of treated hypertensive patients was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Twelve middle-aged black women with essential hypertension, controlled with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide per day, randomly received 3200 mg ibuprofen and a placebo for 8 days. Each treatment phase was separated by a 1-week washout period. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), body weight, and 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium, creatinine, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined at the end of each treatment phase. Mean (+/- SEM) 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 122/85 (+/- 2.9/1.7) and 125/85 (+/- 3.0/1.1) during the placebo and ibuprofen phases, respectively. Mean ABPM during six consecutive 4-hour periods also revealed no significant differences between placebo and ibuprofen. We conclude that 3200 mg ibuprofen per day for up to 1 week induced little change in blood pressure in hypertensive who are receiving hydrochlorothiazide.
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PMID:The effect of high-dose short-term ibuprofen on antihypertensive control with hydrochlorothiazide. 279 46

Sixteen patients with essential hypertension were treated for 2 consecutive 6-week periods with either the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril (20 mg once daily) or the calcium antagonist diltiazem (120 mg twice daily). The sequence of the treatment phases was randomly allocated. Blood pressure decreased from 154/102 +/- 5/2 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 135/96 +/- 4/2 and 140/98 +/- 3/2 mm Hg during treatment with enalapril and diltiazem, respectively. It was impossible in the individual hypertensive patient to predict the long-term blood pressure response to one of the agents studied based on the long-term blood pressure response to the other agent.
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PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor versus calcium antagonist in the treatment of hypertension. 282 44


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