Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of morphine on the onset of puberty was studied in female Wistar rats bearing pituitary grafts implanted at 21 days of age, or sham operated (SO). Morphine was given sc, daily, from day 22 until the occurrence of vaginal opening (VO), taken as an index of puberty. Two doses of morphine (2 or 8 mg kg-1 day-1) were used and control animals received saline of the same volume. Morphine (both doses) induced delayed puberty in SO rats, as indicated by age at VO: mean +/- SEM, 36.90 +/- 0.75 and 36.33 +/- 1.08 days vs 33.06 +/- 0.69 days for 2 and 8 mg vs control group. Pituitary graft induced precocious puberty and this effect was reversed by the highest dose of morphine (29.47 +/- 0.84 vs 32.80 +/- 0.59 days for saline vs 8 mg morphine, grafted rats). These data show that chronic administration of morphine during the prepuberal period delayed the onset of puberty and reversed the precocious puberty induced by pituitary graft in the female rat.
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PMID:Effect of prepuberal chronic morphine administration on the onset of puberty in pituitary-grafted female rats. 133 16

The factors influencing the final height of central precocious puberty patients treated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues remain a critical issue. This study compares the predicted final height before and after GnRH analogue therapy to identify predictive factors for final height. Fourteen girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty were treated with a GnRH analogue. All had an active non-regressive form before therapy, full and permanent suppression of oestrogenic activity during therapy (duration greater than 2 years, 3.1 +/- 0.3 years, mean +/- SEM), and the pubertal pituitary-ovarian axis had normalized in all of them 1 year after the cessation of therapy. The mean predicted final height increased from 152 +/- 1.8 cm before therapy to 162.2 +/- 1.2 cm (P less than 0.01) at the last evaluation performed 4.5 +/- 0.3 years after the onset of therapy. The mean gain in predicted final height between the onset of therapy and the last evaluation was 10.2 +/- 1.1 cm. It was correlated with the following data recorded at the onset of therapy: bone age advance over chronological age (r = 0.66, P less than 0.02), predicted final height at the onset of therapy (r = -0.76, P less than 0.001), and the difference between the target height and the predicted height at onset of therapy (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001). We conclude that GnRH analogue therapy is more likely to improve final height prognosis in girls who initially present with a markedly advanced bone age and a great difference between their target and predicted heights. Both these parameters reflect the severity of the disease at diagnosis.
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PMID:Predictive factors for the effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue therapy on the height of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. 142 90

Thirty-four girls with precocious puberty (27 idiopathic, 6 cerebral, 1 McCune-Albright syndrome) were treated with cyproterone acetate (CPA) for 1.2-8.4 years (3.71 +/- 0.31; mean +/- SEM) at a daily dosage of 66-150 mg/m2 (103.7 +/- 6.2). The mean chronological age (CA) and bone age at the beginning of treatment were 5.99 +/- 0.31 and 8.6 +/- 0.39 years, respectively, and 9.78 +/- 0.19 and 12.44 +/- 0.22 years, respectively, at the end of therapy. At the last evaluation, mean CA was 14.23 +/- 0.4 years, and 32 girls had reached final height. The control group consisted of 10 girls with idiopathic precocious puberty who, at their parents' request, were not treated. Mean CA at the onset of pubertal signs was 6.05 +/- 0.25 years. All patients had reached final height at the time of the last observation. There was no significant difference between final height of treated (152.43 +/- 1.36 cm) and untreated (149.55 +/- 1.99 cm) girls. Final height was significantly lower than target height in both treated (155.08 +/- 0.92 cm; p < 0.025) and untreated (156.45 +/- 1.29 cm; p < 0.0005) patients, but the mean height of treated patients is nearer to target height than that of untreated ones. A positive correlation was found between final height and target height both in treated (p < 0.005) and untreated (p < 0.05) patients. After the discontinuation of CPA treatment all girls resumed the progressive course of puberty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Final height attainment and gonadal function in girls with precocious puberty treated with cyproterone acetate. 147 28

With the procedure which uses gel-filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) the authors measured the GH-binding proteins in 96 healthy subjects aged 6 months to 40 years. In the blood 45% of the GH is bound to the BP. The diagnosis was confirmed by our method in 13 patients with Laron type dwarfism and in four patients the GH receptor defect had been proved. The parents, the brothers and sisters showed significantly lower GH-BP II (principal GH-BP) levels. Possible regulation of GH-binding proteins in human plasma was examined. Eight children with isolated GH deficiency had a very low level of plasma GH binding activity (mean +/- SEM) (10.2 +/- 1.1% of radioactivity). Under GH treatment the hormone binding to high affinity BP (GH-BP II) increased in every patient to reach the mean value of 18.5 +/- 1.4%. This increase was related to a higher binding capacity without any significant change in the binding affinity. In nine boys with pubertal delay, the GH specific binding to peak II-BP (GH-BP II) was found to be normal (30.6 +/- 3.7%); it decreased significantly following testosterone treatment. In four boys with precocious puberty, the specific GH binding to peak II BP was low (16.6 +/- 1.1%). It increased significantly to 21.6 +/- 1.1% of radioactivity after treatment with LH-RH analogue. GH and testosterone have an opposite role in the regulation of the high affinity GH-BP.
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PMID:[Determination of growth hormone binding protein in a normal population and in subjects with short stature due to growth hormone resistance]. 155 21

Forty-six patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency were examined by magnetic resonance imaging at a mean (+/- SEM) age of 9 +/- 1 years (range 15 days to 20 years). They were classified into two groups according to MRI images: group 1 (n = 29) had pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and group 2 (n = 17) had normal pituitary anatomy. All patients with pituitary stalk interruption had a pituitary height at less than -2 SD for age; three had no visible anterior pituitary lobe. By contrast, the pituitary height was less than normal in only 10 patients (60%) with normal pituitary anatomy. Growth hormone deficiency was transient in one of the seven patients with normal pituitary anatomy and height. The group with pituitary stalk interruption had the first symptom of growth hormone deficiency at an earlier age (2.8 +/- 0.6 vs 5.5 +/- 1.2 years; p less than 0.001), were of smaller stature (-4 +/- 0.2 vs -3 +/- 0.2 SD; p less than 0.01) and had lower GH peak response to provocative testing (3 +/- 0.4 vs 5 +/- 0.5 ng/ml; p less than 0.001) than did the group with normal pituitary anatomy. Their pituitary gland was also shorter (2.5 +/- 0.2 vs 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm; p less than 0.01). All the patients with multiple pituitary deficiencies except one (n = 19) belonged to this group. One girl with pituitary stalk interruption and deficiencies in growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone had advanced central precocious puberty. We conclude that the evaluation of the shape and height of the pituitary gland by MRI is an additional tool for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. The presence of pituitary stalk interruption confirms this diagnosis and is predictive of multiple anterior pituitary deficiencies. The lack of a significant increase in perinatal abnormalities in this group and the association of pituitary stalk interruption with microphallus and with facial or sella abnormalities suggest that this appearance may have an early antenatal origin. The finding of a familial case of pituitary stalk interruption suggests a genetic origin.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. 159 48

Girls suffering from idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) may have different levels of estrogenic activity. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the estrogenic activity and the hypothalamopituitary activation and the effect of various plasma estradiol (E2) levels on growth, skeletal maturation and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Fifty-eight girls with CPP were divided into 2 groups: group I with E2 less than 25 pg/ml (13 +/- 1 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM, n = 26) and group II with E2 greater than or equal to 25 pg/ml (52 +/- 3 pg/ml, n = 32). The mean ages at onset and at evaluation were lower in group I (5.9 +/- 0.4 and 6.8 +/- 0.4 years) than in group II (6.8 +/- 0.3 and 8.1 +/- 0.2 years, p less than 0.01), but the durations since onset (greater than 0.5 and less than 2 years) in the two groups were similar. The mean peak luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratios were lower in group I (0.8 +/- 0.2) than in group II (1.7 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.001) and correlated with E2 (r = 0.41, p less than 0.01). The mean height gains during the year preceding the initial evaluation were similar in the two groups (8.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.2 +/- 0.4 cm). They were independent of the plasma E2 level. Conversely, the mean plasma IGF-I values were lower in group I (2.4 +/- 0.3 U/ml) than in group II (4.2 +/- 0.6 U/ml, p less than 0.01) and correlated with E2 (r = 0.52, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Idiopathic central precocious puberty in girls as a model of the effect of plasma estradiol level on growth, skeletal maturation and plasma insulin-like growth factor I. 181 7

A total of 82 patients (74 girls, 8 boys) are presently participating in an international multicentre trial for treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) with a slow release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist depot preparation: Decapeptyl-Depot (DD). Of these patients, 53 (3 boys) were previously untreated (group 1) and 29 (5 boys) have been treated before with either a short-acting GnRH analogue or cyproterone acetate (group 2). Fifty-one patients (44 girls, 7 boys) were treated with DD for 12 months or more. Basal plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels decreased in both groups after 1 year of therapy. The LH response to intravenous GnRH was reduced in both groups. Basal plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels decreased in both groups. Stimulated FSH levels were reduced in both groups after 1 year of DD treatment. Plasma oestradiol levels in the girls decreased to prepubertal levels in both groups. In all patients the clinical signs of precocious gonadarche such as breast development and menstruations (girls) and an increased testis volume (boys), did not further progress and sometimes regressed in several patients. Growth velocity decreased in the girls of group 1 from 9.0 +/- 0.72 cm/year (mean +/- SEM) in the last half-year before treatment to 6.3 +/- 0.50 in the first half-year of treatment (P less than 0.01) and to 4.5 +/- 0.23 cm/year in the second half-year (P less than 0.01). After 12 months a stabilization of growth velocity was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of children with central precocious puberty by a slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. 213 79

We designed a prospective study of height potential in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty, comparing the presenting features of girls with and without evidence of reduced adult height potential. The 14 girls with impaired adult height prognoses (group 1) were reexamined after treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist, nafarelin. The seven girls with the prognosis of unimpaired height (group 2) were followed without therapy. We found that the group could be distinguished at initial examination by the greater bone age/height age ratio of group 1 (mean +/- SEM: 1.4 +/- 0.06 vs 1.0 +/- 0.05; p less than 0.005) and by the greater difference between predicted height and target height in group 1. The mean predicted height in group 1 was significantly less than the mean target height (150.7 +/- 2.1 vs 165.4 +/- 3.0 cm; p less than 0.005), whereas the mean predicted and target heights in group 2 were similar (165.4 +/- 3.0 vs 164.3 +/- 2.1 cm). Initial estradiol levels were also greater in group 1 than in group 2 (21.6 vs 10.6 pg/ml; p less than 0.05), although this difference was not sustained during follow-up. In group 1, nafarelin therapy suppressed the pituitary-gonadal axis, and although there was a transient reduction in height potential in girls with the youngest bone ages during the first 6 months of therapy, 2 years of treatment slightly improved predicted heights from 150.7 +/- 2.1 to 152.7 +/- 2.0 cm (p less than 0.05). Height predictions also increased without therapy during the 2-year observation period in group 2, from 165.4 +/- 3.0 to 168.7 +/- 4.1 cm (p less than 0.05). Our data indicate that gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy preserves height potential in girls with an initially impaired height prognosis, and that height potential is preserved without therapy in those with a good initial height prognosis.
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PMID:Preserving adult height potential in girls with idiopathic true precocious puberty. 214 20

Hypothalamo-pituitary function in children with optic glioma may be impaired by the tumour itself and by the high cranial radiation doses used in treatment. This study evaluates the effect of optic glioma and its treatment on patient growth and pubertal development. Twenty-one patients (13 boys, 8 girls), treated for optic glioma by cranial irradiation (45-55 Grays) at a mean age of 5.4 years, were evaluated before (n = 10) and/or after (n = 21) irradiation. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency was present in only 1 patient tested before irradiation and in all patients after irradiation. Precocious puberty occurred in 7/21 cases, before irradiation in 5 patients and after irradiation in 2 patients. The cumulative height loss during the 2 years after irradiation was 0.2 +/- 0.2 SD (m +/- SEM) in 7 patients with precocious puberty and 1.1 +/- 0.2 SD in 14 prepubertal patients (P less than 0.01). The corresponding bone age advance over chronological age, evaluated 1-3 years after irradiation, was 1.1 +/- 0.5 and -0.7 +/- 0.3 year in the two groups (P less than 0.01). The mean height loss between time of irradiation and the final height was 2.3 +/- 0.6 SD (n = 6). Primary amenorrhoea, associated with low oestradiol levels, occurred in two of the three girls of pubertal age. These data indicate that the high dose of cranial radiation used to treat optic glioma invariably results in GH deficiency within 2 years and that hGH therapy is required when GH deficiency is documented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Growth and endocrine disorders in optic glioma. 222 66

The glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit is secreted as a free molecule as well as a molecule combined to a glycoprotein hormone beta-subunit. In human subjects, plasma levels of the free alpha-subunit were measured by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma concentrations were high during the neonatal period, then decreased to a nadir at the age of 6 years. A significant pubertal increase occurred in both sexes, more pronounced in girls. In female subjects mean levels (+/- SEM) were 0.21 +/- 0.05 before puberty and 0.51 +/- 0.03 ng 1 degrees IRP-hCG alpha/ml in follicular phase. During menstrual cycle, a typical preovulatory surge was seen simultaneous with the LH surge. During aging, plasma levels increased slowly in males, abruptly in menopausal females. The pituitary reserve as assessed by LH-RH stimulation test (100 micrograms i.v./m2) exhibited a significant pubertal maturation in boys and girls. Chronic administration of LH-RH agonist induced a marked increase of alpha-subunit levels, whereas LH levels were deeply suppressed. LH-RH injections in children treated for precocious puberty with a LH-RH agonist induced a significant release of alpha-subunit despite an almost complete abolition of LH release. In conclusion, from a quantitative point of view, the glyco-protein hormone alpha-subunit is a major secretory product of the pituitary. It seems that there is a specific regulation of its secretion, resembling but not identical to LH secretion regulation. Whether or not it plays a biological role remains uncertain.
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PMID:[Free alpha-subunit glycoprotein hormones: physiological and pathological data]. 248 Nov 54


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