Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human liver contains an acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) of presumed lysosomal origin, but its significance is unknown. We developed a modified CEH radioassay suitable for needle biopsy specimens and measured hepatic activity of this enzyme in 69 patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy. Histologically normal livers hydrolyzed 5.80 +/- 0.78 SEM mumoles of cholesterol ester per hr per g of liver protein (n, 10). Values were similar in alcoholic liver disease (n, 17), obstructive jaundice (n, 9), and miscellaneous hepatic disorders (n, 21). In contrast, mean hepatic CEH activity was more than 3-fold elevated in 12 patients with acute hepatitis, 21.05 +/- 2.45 SEM mumoles per hr per g of protein (P less than 0.01). In 2 patients studied serially, CEH returned to normal as hepatitis resolved. CEH activity in all patients paralleled SGOT levels (r, 0.84; P less than 0.01). There was no correlation with serum levels of free or esterified cholesterol nor with serum activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for cholesterol esterification in plasma. These studies confirm the presence of CEH activity in human liver and show markedly increased activity in acute hepatitis. The pathogenesis and clinical significance of altered hepatic CEH activity in liver disease require further study.
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PMID:Hepatic cholesterol ester hydrolase in human liver disease. 68 May 3

Serum Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was determined in patients with various liver diseases including 31 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 46 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 17 with liver cirrhosis (LC), 23 with chronic hepatitis (CH) and 12 patients with obstructive jaundice with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a specific monoclonal antibody. The serum level in patients with PBC (407 +/- 35 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM; n = 31) was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) compared with those of other liver diseases. Mn-SOD level did not correlate with total bilirubin level, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, IgM, or with ceruloplasmin level in the sera of the patients. When the patients with PBC were histologically subdivided into four groups according to Scheuer's classification (Scheuer PJ. Primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Scheuer PJ, ed. Liver biopsy interpretation. 3rd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1980:47-56), a high level of serum Mn-SOD was noticed in the early stage as well as in the advanced stage of the disease. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the reactivity and specificity of the monoclonal antibody to the enzyme protein in the patients' sera. Immunostaining of a liver biopsy specimen from the patients with PBC revealed increased expression of the enzyme protein in damaged epithelial cells of interlobular bile ducts, bile ductules, and degenerated hepatocytes. These data suggested that free radicals including superoxide anion are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and Mn-SOD may play some role in a protection against the superoxide anion.
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PMID:Elevated level of serum Mn-superoxide dismutase in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: possible involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis in primary biliary cirrhosis. 168 6

Plasma amino acid concentrations were determined weekly for 4 weeks in 6 sham-operated control dogs, in 6 sham-operated dogs after induction of liver disease with dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), and in 6 dogs after surgical ligation of the common bile duct. Results were compared with standard biochemical indices of liver function and with histologic changes in serial liver biopsy specimens. Concentrations of most amino acids increased after 2 weeks in DMNA-treated dogs, whereas they were normal or decreased in bile duct-ligated dogs. With increasing severity of the liver disease, the molar ratio (normal mean +/- SEM = 3.48 +/- 0.14) in DMNA-treated dogs decreased to 2.42 +/- 0.19 by 2 weeks and to 1.17 +/- 0.09 by 4 weeks. The ratio remained normal in bile duct-ligated dogs. Molar ratio and aromatic amino acid concentrations correlated better with hepatic necrosis and inflammation than did standard biochemical indices (eg, bilirubin, liver enzymes). Therefore, plasma amino acid analysis and determination of the molar ratio may be useful in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice in dogs. A decrease in the molar ratio may reflect portal hypertension and hepatocellular disease.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid analysis in dogs with experimentally induced hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice. 359 69

1. Patients with obstructive jaundice are especially susceptible to acute renal failure. We have previously observed that in rats with bile duct ligation impaired renal function is associated with increased urinary thromboxane excretion. 2. In the present study we therefore investigated, in rats with bile duct ligation, renal function, urinary thromboxane excretion and thromboxane B2 synthesis by isolated glomeruli as well as the effects of the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist Daltroban on renal function in rats with bile duct ligation as compared with sham-operated rats. 3. On the fourth day after bile duct ligation (n = 7 rats) endogenous creatinine clearance as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced to 0.74 +/- 0.05 (SEM) as compared with 1.06 +/- 0.09 ml min-1 g-1 kidney weight in sham-operated rats (n = 7, P < 0.01). In rats with bile duct ligation, urine volume was slightly increased, whereas urinary sodium (Na+) (P < 0.001) and potassium (K+) (P < 0.01) excretion as well as urine osmolarity (P < 0.05) were significantly reduced and lower than in sham-operated rats. 4. Urinary thromboxane excretion was significantly higher in rats with bile duct ligation than in sham-operated rats: 116.6 +/- 22.3 versus 56.8 +/- 10.2 pmol 24 h-1 100 g-1 body weight (P < 0.05). Thromboxane B2 synthesis in glomeruli isolated from rats with bile duct ligation was also significantly higher than in sham-operated rats: 12.6 +/- 2.0 versus 6.4 +/- 0.9 pmol h-1 mg-1 protein (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Impaired renal function in obstructive jaundice: enhanced glomerular thromboxane synthesis and effects of thromboxane receptor blockade in bile duct-ligated rats. 770 98

1. Obstructive jaundice predisposes the kidney to acute renal failure. Endothelin (ET), a potent renal vasoconstrictor and modulator of the tubular action of arginine vasopressin, has been suggested to play a pathogenetic role in acute renal failure. In the present study we therefore investigated renal function and the renal ET system in rats on day 4 after bile-duct ligation (BDL) or sham-operation (SO), without (n = 7 in each group) and with treatment with bosentan, a combined ETA/ETB receptor blocker, (n = 5 in each group). 2. On day 4 after BDL, serum bilirubin had increased to 226 +/- 10 mumol/l (SEM) as compared with 6 +/- 2 mumol/l in SO rats. Endogenous creatinine clearance, an index of glomerular filtration rate, was significantly reduced to 0.7 +/0 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 of kidney weight after BDL as compared with 1.1 +/- 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 of kidney weight after SO (P < 0.05). Bosentan prevented the decrease in glomerular filtration rate (1.0 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 g-1 of kidney weight), as well as polyuria and defective concentrating ability, in BDL rats. 3. Plasma ET concentration on day 4 after surgery (28.2 +/- 1.5 pmol/l) was higher (P < 0.01) in BDL than in SO rats (12.9 +/- 1.5 pmol/l) and rose further in bosentan-treated BDL and SO rats (43.4 +/- 5.1 compared with 21.9 +/- 6.6 pmol/l). Urinary ET excretion was significantly higher in BDL rats than in SO rats (1.58 +/- 0.22 compared with 1.28 +/- 0.18 pmol 24 h-1 100 g-1 of body weight; P < 0.05). 4. ET synthesis by glomeruli isolated from BDL rats was lower [81 +/- 19 fmol h-1 (mg of protein)-1] than that from SO-rats [139 +/- 28 fmol h-1 (mg of protein)-1; P < 0.05], whereas papillary ET synthesis was higher in BDL [10 +/- 3 fmol h-1 (mg of protein)-1] than in SO rats [4 +/- 1 fmol h-1 (mg of protein)-1; P < 0.05]. 5. The results indicate that BDL is associated with increased plasma ET concentration and suppression of GFR. Enhanced renal inner medullary collecting-duct ET synthesis, which is reflected by increased urinary ET excretion, may reduce distal tubular water absorption in BDL rats. Increased circulating and renal papillary ET synthesis may thus contribute to renal dysfunction and predispose the kidney to acute renal failure in obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:Renal endothelin system in obstructive jaundice: its role in impaired renal function of bile-duct ligated rats. 920 18