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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Moderate hyperprolactinemia was found in 14 of 30 infertile patients with short luteal phase indicating a possible hypothalamic disorder in these patients. While the cycle length was normal, 28 days, late ovulation around day 18 of the cycle was characteristic of these patients. During bromocriptine treatment, 2.5 mg twice daily, ovulation took place earlier and luteal phase became longer irrespective of the basal serum prolactin level. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of luteal phase was 9.9 +/- 0.2 days in control cycles, and 11.7 +/- 0.5 and 12.2 +/- 0.3 days in two successive bromocriptine cycles (P less than 0.001). In patients taking bromocriptine, luteal phase became longer than 11 days in 37 of 60 treatment cycles, but no significant difference was recorded in the circulating progesterone and LH levels during mid- and late luteal phase. Three patients became pregnant and they all had normal baseline serum prolactin concentrations. Our results show that bromocriptine may be effective even when no apparent indication for prolactin suppression can be demonstrated.
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PMID:Prolactin levels and bromocriptine treatment of short luteal phase. 3 81

Macroprolactinomas have been well documented in men over the past several years. By contrast, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of microprolactinomas in men. We describe here 14 cases of microprolactinomas occurring in male patients (14 to 53 years old) and discovered on the basis of endocrine symptoms. Nine patients complained of impotence and/or decreased libido, 8 had gynecomastia with or without galactorrhea, 1 had undergone incomplete puberty. All patients had hyperprolactinemia (225 +/- 65 micrograms/l, mean +/- SEM, N less than 13 micrograms/l); plasma testosterone levels were low in 9 (162 +/- 33 ng/dl, mean +/- SEM; N = 308 - 876 ng/dl), while plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and their responses to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) were normal in all cases. Among the 14 patients, 12 had no hypopituitarism and 2 had only partial corticotrope insufficiency; none had visual disturbances and only one complained of headaches. The sella turcica was normal in size and shape in 2 cases but a double floor and/or a thinner part of the floor was observed in 12. CT scan of MRI demonstrated in all cases an intrasellar microadenoma with a mean size of 7 mm (range, 3 to 10 mm) and no preferential localization. One patient was treated with bromocriptine, while the others underwent surgery via the transsphenoidal route. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated immunoreactive-prolactin (IR-PRL) cells in all the adenomas. Surgery resulted in normalization of plasma PRL in 11 of the 13 patients and in lowering PRL levels in the others 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prolactin microadenoma in men. Study of 14 cases]. 153 Feb 27

We studied the serum levels and peritoneal transport of prolactin in 13 CAPD patients and compared with 8 patients on hemodialysis and 10 normal subjects matched by age (30-78 years), sex, body mass index and serum glucose concentrations. CAPD and hemodialysis patients were matched also by hematocrit, serum creatinine, albumin concentrations and duration and dialysis (0-79 months), the prolactin levels in serum and in effluent were measured by RIA and NB2 bioassay. CAPD patients had higher serum prolactin levels than did hemodialysis-treated patients and control subjects. The bioactive/immunoactive ratio of serum prolactin in CAPD patients was 0.7 +/- 0.1 versus 0.9 +/- 0.1 in the control subjects (P less than 0.05) and 0.8 +/- 0.04 in the hemodialysis patients, mean +/- SEM. A significant linear correlation was demonstrated between serum levels and 8 hr peritoneal mass transfer of this hormone. A notable drop of prolactin took place after the first hour of dialysis. Serum prolactin was not influenced by peritoneal protein loss, glucose absorption rate or duration of CAPD. From this study we may conclude that hyperprolactinemia associated with CAPD is not affected by continuous peritoneal loss of prolactin, demonstrating only a slight decrease in bioactivity.
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PMID:Serum levels and peritoneal loss of prolactin in CAPD patients. 168 Apr 37

Hormonal alterations and pregnancy rates were compared between the clomiphene citrate (CC)-hMG combination cycle and the hMG cycle alone in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. In the CC-hMG cycle, the numbers of follicles developed, oocytes recovered and embryos transferred were higher than those in the hMG cycle (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Pregnancy rates of the CC-hMG cycle (6.7%/operation, 7.1%/embryo transfer), however, were lower than those of the hMG cycle (25%/operation, 31.6%/embryo transfer). PRL levels in the hMG cycle increased according to estradiol levels. In the CC-hMG cycle, CC might inhibit estradiol-induced hyperprolactinemia and the increase was lower even if the estradiol level was much higher than that of the hMG cycle until day 2. On day 4, the PRL level in the CC-hMG cycle further increased. The thickness of endometrium on day -2 in the hMG cycle alone was much thicker than that in the CC-hMG cycle (9.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.4 mm, mean +/- SEM).
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PMID:Effects of clomiphene citrate on serum hormone levels and endometrial thickness in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. 175 3

The efficacy and tolerability of a slow-release preparation of bromocriptine (Parlodel SRO) were compared to those of conventional bromocriptine (Parlodel R) in a double blind, double dummy study of 12 hyperprolactinemic women (plasma PRL 81.3 +/- 4.73, ng/ml mean +/- SEM). For 2 weeks, the patients received 2.5 mg b.i.d. Parlodel R or 5 mg once daily Parlodel SRO; for the following 2 weeks, the dose of the drugs was doubled. The patients were then treated, in an open study, with 2.5-10 mg daily Parlodel SRO for 6 months. Both preparations caused a prompt and sharp PRL fall. Hormone levels remained inhibited over the whole month of observation with both preparations. Daily PRL profiles were very close with either drug although morning PRl levels were slightly higher during Parlodel SRO than during Parlodel R administration. Doubling the doses of the two drugs did not result in further significant lowering of PRL values. During the 6-month study with Parlodel SRO, plasma PRL further decreased and normalized in 11 of 12 patients. Clinical improvement occurred in the majority of cases. Tolerability of Parlodel SRO appeared to be better, though without statistically significant differences, than that of Parlodel R. Side effects were less important with the former compound in their number, severity and duration. In conclusion, thanks to its favourable pharmacological profile, Parlodel SRO appears to be a valuable alternative to regular bromocriptine in the management of hyperprolactinemia.
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PMID:Comparison between a slow-release oral preparation of bromocriptine and regular bromocriptine in patients with hyperprolactinemia: a double blind, double dummy study. 180 67

Beside the well characterized PRL-secreting adenomas, a wide spectrum of functional hyperprolactinemic states exists. We describe here five women, 21-38 yr old, all suspected of having a PRL-secreting adenoma because of a pseudotumoral appearance of the pituitary on computerized tomographic (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four had oligomenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, one had amenorrhea with galactorrhea, and two complained of infertility. In the same patient, basal plasma PRL levels were variable on different days, sometimes normal (mean +/- SEM, 11.3 +/- 1.5 micrograms/L), sometimes elevated (49 +/- 7 micrograms/L), but in all cases, a PRL response of large amplitude to TRH (6- to 8-fold increase in the basal value) was observed. Basal plasma levels of estradiol were within luteal phase normal values (0.41 +/- 0.13 pmol/L), while progesterone levels were low (1.92 +/- 0.47 nmol/L). CT scan or MRI showed an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension, suggesting a tumoral process. However, the signal intensity was homogeneous, and on coronal views, the suprasellar extension was pyramidal and symmetrical, and the pituitary stalk was always in the midline. The five patients were operated on by the transsphenoidal route, but no adenoma was found. Surgical biopsies were taken in four cases, and lactotroph hyperplasia, i.e. enlarged cell cords consisting mainly of PRL cells, was found in three of them. One case displayed a continuum between areas of lactotroph hyperplasia and adenomatous PRL cells. We conclude that functional hyperprolactinemia may mimic on CT scan or MRI a PRL-secreting adenoma.
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PMID:Pituitary enlargement with suprasellar extension in functional hyperprolactinemia due to lactotroph hyperplasia: a pseudotumoral disease. 193 14

The long-term follow-up (greater than or equal to 4 years) of clinical, hormonal and radiological aspects in 22 'cured' prolactinoma patients after adenomectomy was studied. Dynamic secretion of PRL and TSH was also evaluated, in order to identify the persistence of any underlying abnormality of hypothalamic pituitary control and to predict relapses. A relapse into hyperprolactinaemia was shown in 36% of patients 5-90 months (mean 46) after surgery. This was accompanied by reappearance of clinical symptoms but not by the radiological demonstration of the adenoma in any patients. A significant PRL rise after domperidone, a dopaminergic antagonist drug, was shown in cured patients after surgery (mean +/- SEM peak, 2977 +/- 645 mU/l) but this was markedly lower than that observed in control subjects (5732 +/- 440 mU/l). In fact, normal PRL increments were shown in only 6/16 (37%) patients. TSH hyper-responsiveness to domperidone normalized in only 46% of patients. Similar PRL responses to those obtained with domperidone were shown when a TRH test was given. A relapse into hyperprolactinaemia was observed in six of ten (60%) non-responders to domperidone and in four of seven (57%) non-responders to TRH, whereas six normal responders to domperidone and TRH had not relapsed at that time. Plasma PRL levels during pregnancy showed increments lower than those observed in normal pregnant women only in domperidone and TRH non-responder patients. These results indicate that a relapse into hyperprolactinaemia and a blunted PRL rise during pregnancy were present only in patients with persistently reduced PRL response to dynamic tests.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of 'cured' prolactinoma patients after successful adenomectomy. 211 41

Several pieces of evidence suggest the existence of a relationship between neuroendocrine and immune systems. Prolactin (PRL) has been demonstrated to modulate some immune responses and its influence seems to be permissive or inhibitory depending on its concentration. Previous studies have reported a reduced natural killer (NK) cell function in patients with hyperprolactinemia. In 36 patients (34 females and 2 males, aged 14-46 years) with hyperprolactinemia (mean +/- SEM PRL 142.2 +/- 42.1 micrograms/l) of tumorous (19 patients) and functional (17 patients) origins, NK activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied. Patients had NK cell activity against the K562 cell line which did not differ from that of lymphocytes from 36 age- and sex-matched healthy donors (mean +/- SEM lytic units (LU) 619.0 +/- 103.0 and 531.9 +/- 52.6 respectively). No correlation between PRL levels and LU values was found (r = 0.28). When patients with tumors or functional hyperprolactinemia were separately analysed no difference was found between these two groups (mean +/- SEM LU 690.0 +/- 117.7 vs. 606.0 +/- 148.8). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that neither the elevated PRL levels nor the PRL-secreting tumor per se interfere with the NK system of hyperprolactinemic patients.
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PMID:Natural killer activity in hyperprolactinemic patients. 280 74

The clinical significance of hyperprolactinaemia in uraemic patients is uncertain and discrepancies between immunoactivity and biological activity of serum hPRL have been reported. We have modified the Nb2 cell bioassay to improve specificity for hPRL and used this assay to measure hPRL bioactivity in sera from 26 uraemic patients and 40 control subjects. Seventeen patients were receiving regular haemodialysis and 9 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Levels of hPRL bioactivity were compared with hPRL immunoactivity measured by RIA (PRL-RIA) and by immunoradiometric assay (PRL-IRMA). Serum hPRL levels measured by all three assays were significantly elevated in uraemic patients compared with control subjects (P less than 0.001). The immunoradiometric method gave significantly lower results than RIA in control subjects but not in uraemic patients (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean ratio of hPRL bioactivity to PRL-RIA between patients and control subjects (1.18 +/- 0.05 vs 1.11 +/- 0.03, mean +/- SEM). The ratio of hPRL bioactivity to PRL-IRMA was slightly decreased in uraemic patients compared with controls (P = 0.05). Serum hPRL bioactivity was closely correlated with immunoactivity in both immunoassays (r greater than or equal to 0.96) in patients and controls. These results confirm that elevated serum hPRL levels in uraemic patients represent biologically active hormone which may contribute to hypogonadism.
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PMID:Serum prolactin in uraemia: correlations between bioactivity and activity in two immunoassays. 292 35

The effect of a potent agonistic analog of LHRH, D-Trp6-LHRH, on hyperprolactinemia induced by sulpiride was studied in normal men. Six men received sulpiride (100 mg, twice daily, orally) for 44 days. D-Trp6-LHRH was given sc during the last 2 weeks of sulpiride administration; the dose was 500 micrograms on the first day and 100 micrograms daily for the subsequent 14 days. All men had high serum PRL levels before D-Trp6-LHRH administration (mean +/- SEM, 56 +/- 9 ng/mL), which decreased significantly after the first dose of the analog (45 +/- 5 ng/mL; P = 0.031) and also after 15 days of analog administration (41 +/- 6 ng/mL; P = 0.016). These data demonstrate that administration of LHRH agonist can inhibit the hyperprolactinemic effect of sulpiride, suggesting a direct action of the analog on the pituitary gland to modulate PRL secretion.
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PMID:D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibits sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia in normal men. 295 94


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