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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dental response to repeated antimicrobial and antihistamine medications was studied by comparing the dental health of 64 adenoidectomized children 5 years after surgery to that of 212 untreated controls. Annual dental recordings starting from the age of 3 years were obtained from health care centers. As expected, the proportion of children who had several (> or = 11) syrup medications was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the adenoidectomized than in the control group. Sucrose-containing syrup medications were prescribed twice as often for the children of the adenoidectomized as for the control group (p < 0.001). However, the average amount of antimicrobial syrup medications prescribed was 19.2 +/- (SD) 13.0 per child for the adenoidectomized as compared to 8.5 +/- 8.3 for the control children (p < 0.001). The dmf value of the adenoidectomized children at the age of 3 years (mean +/- SEM: 0.5 +/- 0.1) was significantly (p < 0.005) lower than that of the controls (1.1 +/- 0.2). The difference was still significant (p < 0.01) at the age of 4 years, but disappeared thereafter. In conclusion, the antibacterial syrup medication seemed to be associated with a significant decline in dental caries at first. The simultaneous use of antihistamines was, however, thought to delay normal tooth maturation, so that after discontinuation of the antimicrobial medication, accelerated formation of new carious lesions took place.
Caries Res 1992
PMID:Long-term effects of syrup medications for recurrent otitis media on the dental health of 6- to 8-year-old children. 135 46

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol produced by Aureobasidium sp. from glucose. It is 75-80% as sweet as sucrose and is also nonhygroscopic. The aim of this study was to evaluate this sugar substitute from a cariological point of view. Erythritol was neither utilized as a substrate for the lactic acid production nor for plaque formation of mutans streptococci (serotypes a-h) and certain oral microorganisms. It was not utilized for water-insoluble glucan synthesis or cellular adherence by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans PS-14 (c) and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 (g). Finally, a significantly lower caries score (3.1 +/- 0.5; mean +/- SEM) was observed in specific pathogen-free rats infected with S. sobrinus 6715 and fed with a diet containing 26% erythritol, as compared to control rats fed with a diet containing 26% sucrose (60.5 +/- 2.0). Also, rats provided a diet containing 56% erythritol chocolate (23.8% erythritol) and challenged with S. mutans PS-14 exhibited a significantly lower caries score (6.7 +/- 0.8) compared to the sucrose chocolate group (82.8 +/- 2.8). The main conclusion from this study is therefore that erythritol is a promising sugar substitute from a cariological point of view.
Caries Res 1992
PMID:Noncariogenicity of erythritol as a substrate. 146

The purposes of this study were to give the characteristics of viridans streptococci isolated from dental plaque, and the relationships with dental caries. We stained 69 patients' teeth on supragingival plaques (Plaque Index = 1) with the Pfiffer's reagent or FD&C RED#28 dye, then isolated 80 strains of oral streptococci from 69 patients. Cultures were grown in TSB, MS, and MSB media. A total of 80 fresh-isolated plaque streptococci, including strains of S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. mitis, and S. mutans were identified on the basis of morphologic, dark field, SEM, and biochemical characteristics. All of the oral plaque streptococci were to be found in significant percentages in dental plaque. Patients who had caries harboured S. mutans more often (37/40) than patients without caries (7/29). S. mutans comprised the greatest percentage (37/69) of microorganisms encountered in caries' plaque, and there was an association between high counts of S. mutans and the presence of dental caries. Cultural and biochemical methods were used for the isolation and identification of the different species of S. mutans. The result indicated that biotype I were the most predominant species (50%) in dental plaque. Thus, it is possible to isolate, screen and identify unknown strains through the morphologic, darkfield, SEM, and biochemical characteristics of viridans streptococci isolated from human dental plaque. By means of the present methods for identification, we hold considerable promises for contributing to the prevention and diagnosis of dental diseases.
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PMID:[Morphologic and biochemical characteristics of viridans streptococci isolated from dental plaque]. 147 76

The formation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) was measured on sound enamel (SE) and in caries-like enamel lesions (CL) after treatment in vitro with 2% neutral NaF or Duraphat. The caries-like lesions were created by exposure to acidified gel at pH 4.5 within a 0.07-cm2 window punched in water-repellant tape. The same window area was used in series (n = 10) of SE or CL during the application of NaF for 1 or 5 min or for 18 h or Duraphat for 6 or 18 h. CaF2 was extracted with 1 M KOH for 24 h, and fluoride was determined by gas chromatography. The short-term applications of NaF produced only negligible amounts of CaF2 on SE. The amounts of CaF2 in CL after 5 min application of NaF corresponded to (mean +/- SEM) 27 +/- 2.0 micrograms F/cm2. More than half of this amount was observed after only 1 min exposure to the NaF solution. The quantities of CaF2 in CL were similar after 6 and 18 h application of Duraphat, amounting to 26 +/- 2.2 and 31 +/- 2.2 micrograms F/cm2, respectively, suggesting that the reaction was essentially terminated after 6 h. These amounts were only about one fourth of the quantity obtained after 18 h exposure to the NaF solution. Thus, the conventional 5-min treatment with NaF produced the same amount of CaF2 in CL as 6 or 18 h exposure to Duraphat.
Caries Res 1991
PMID:Formation of CaF2 on sound enamel and in caries-like enamel lesions after different forms of fluoride applications in vitro. 205 82

The beneficial effect of fluoride-containing amalgam in preventing recurrent dental caries depends on the ability of the material to deliver fluoride (F). A two-chamber diffusion cell has been employed to monitor the diffusion of F in freshly prepared amalgam sections (membranes) as well as in amalgam sections stored in F solution for 15 d. The diffusion of 125I was also monitored, as a reference. Five and ten successive measurements at 72 h intervals were made on the fresh and stored amalgam specimens, respectively. The average diffusion coefficient, D, of F and 125I in fresh amalgam was 2.39 x 10(-10) and 1.85 x 10(-10) cm2/s, respectively. For stored amalgam, the average D of F during a 30 d experiment was 1.35 x 10(-10) cm2/s. The average D of F in stored amalgam, during the first 15 d of the experiment, was 31% less than in fresh amalgam (p less than 0.01). A decline in the diffusion process was observed during the course of the experiments. During 15 d diffusion in fresh amalgam and 30 d diffusion in stored amalgam the cumulative diffused F were 0.79 and 0.88% of the F in the source. SEM findings revealed the deposition of corrosion products on amalgam stored for 3 months in 0.19% F solution.
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PMID:Permeability of amalgam restorative materials. 322 41

This paper presents findings made using special techniques of imaging and/or of specimen preparation to investigate the changes in tooth structure which occur in caries. We have studied both coronal and root caries in enamel, dentine and cementum using scanning electron and confocal scanning optical microscopy. In preparation for backscattered electron (BSE) imaging in the SEM, teeth were stored in 70% ethanol until further dehydration in ethanol and embedding in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Longitudinally cut surfaces were diamond polished and coated with carbon or silver before BSE imaging. Important changes in the distribution of densities in both enamel and dentine occurred during caries, and could be correlated with prior published studies using polarised light and microradiography to study demineralization in these tissues. However, the resolution of the BSE imaging technique is much higher than that of these previous methods. A new method was used for demonstrating local variations in microhardness with special relevance to the changes occurring in dental caries. Sectioned surfaces were subjected to treatment with a jet of soft abrasive particles, resulting in the selective removal of carious enamel, and enhanced removal of carious dentine. The tandem scanning reflected light microscope (ISRLM) has also been shown to be useful in characterising the spread of caries in the dental tissues. Teeth only need to be cut once, because the image is formed on looking into a bulk specimen. Fluorescent dyes can be used to study the distribution of pore volume, making use of the high resolution in depth of this confocal microscope.
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PMID:Scanning microscopic observations on dental caries. 343 76

When observed by SEM, after being treated with the HCl-collagenase method, the odontoblast processes extended throughout the whole thickness of dentin in intact teeth and the whole thickness of normal and the inner carious dentin in carious teeth. Small holes and depressions were found on the processes in the transparent layer.
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PMID:The extent of the odontoblast process in normal and carious human dentin. 630 79

Fluoride is widely used for the prevention of dental caries. Very low concentrations of fluoride are routinely ingested in optimally fluoridated drinking water of many communities. Higher concentrations of fluoride in toothpastes, mouthrinses and topically applied gels also may be ingested, especially by children. The potential effect of ingested fluoride on the gastric mucosa was the subject of this investigation. Solutions of 0, 1, or 10 mM NaF in 0.1 N HCl were placed in rat stomachs in vivo for up to one hour. The effects of fluoride on the structure and function of the gastric mucosa were determined. Histologic and SEM examinations revealed dose- and time-dependent damage to the surface mucous cells. The 10 mM, but not the 1 mM, NaF solution increased gastric mucosal permeability to small but not to large molecules.
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PMID:The effects of fluoride on the gastric mucosa of the rat. 643 19

The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of acid-etching on remineralization of caries-like lesions with calcifying fluids (CF). Caries-like lesions were created in two windows of sound enamel on both buccal and lingual surfaces of human molars. A central longitudinal section was taken from each tooth to serve as control lesions (CL). Each tooth was then sectioned into quarters and each quarter assigned to one of four groups: 1) 1mM Ca CF Remineralized (RC1); 2) 1mM Ca CF Remineralized Etch (RE1); 3) 3mM Ca CF Remineralized (RC3); 4) 3mM Ca CF Remineralized Etch (RE3). Lesions in the etch groups were exposed to 30 percent H3PO4 for 30s prior to CF. Etch and non-etch groups were treated with 1mM or 3mM Ca CFs (prepared from HAP [Ca/P ratio = 1.63], pH 7.0, 0.05mM F-) for ten 60-second periods, interspersed with deionized water rinses. Mean lesion depths were determined using a digitized tablet. Following 1mM Ca CF, mean lesion depths were: 179 microns for CL, 157 microns for RC1 and 118 microns for RE1. Following 3mM Ca CF, mean lesion depths were: 188 microns for CL, 171 microns for RC3 and 143 microns for RE3. SEM topographic features of the remineralized etched lesions consisted of adherent surface coatings with finely globular patterns in the 1mM Ca CF group and densely adherent surface coatings which masked the effects of etching in the 3mM Ca CF group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of the acid-etch technique in remineralization of caries-like lesions of enamel: a polarized light and scanning electron microscopic study. 818 94

Raman spectra containing the distinct band at 322 cm-1 due to CaF2 or CaF2-like material formed in/on fluoridated bovine enamel were recorded using a micro-Raman spectrograph. Due to increasing levels of background fluorescence with increasing thickness of enamel, the Raman measurements were carried out on thin regions of wedged enamel sections. The distribution of the CaF2 or CaF2-like material was estimated using a simple model. The results indicate that 1/3 of the total CaF2 was concentrated within the narrow depth < 2 microns with high CaF2 concentrations (> 10 wt%), and that the majority of the CaF2 was distributed over the depths up to 26 microns (1 wt% CaF2). SEM observations on fractured fluoridated enamel confirmed that morphological changes were present in the depth range comparable to that of the high CaF2 concentration region expected from the Raman analysis. In deeper regions where lower concentration (< 10%) but a large amount of CaF2 was still expected, the SEM images failed to distinguish between the normal and fluoridated enamel. After KOH treatment, the Raman spectra did not show evidence of the CaF2 peak and the SEM micrographs also confirmed the removal of globules. The peak position of the Raman band of the CaF2 formed by the fluoridation was identical to that of pure CaF2. However, the linewidth was 23 cm-1 (FWHM) and a factor of 2 broader than that of pure CaF2 (12 cm-1). This implies that the lattice dynamics of the CaF2 formed by fluoridation is different from of pure CaF2, and that the material formed is 'CaF2-like' or 'disordered CaF2'.
Caries Res 1993
PMID:Combined Raman and SEM study on CaF2 formed on/in enamel by APF treatments. 828 57


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