Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0432222 (SEM)
 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces different morphological changes in different cell lines. This is demonstrated by comparative scanning (SEM and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic investigations of cell cultures prepared under identical conditions. SEM of HSV-1 infected HEp-2 cells reveals a slightly altered cell surface: only the number of the microvilli is reduced. Large amounts of released virions are detectable adhering to the outer plasma membrane. Ultra-thin sections show typical virus maturation steps in the nuclei (formation of nucleocapsids and virus budding from the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane) and in the cytoplasm (egress of enveloped nucleocapsids through membranous structures). HSV-infected primary chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells are characterized by crumpled and rough surfaces without virus particles adhering to the membrane. Ultra-thin sections exhibit atypical virus maturation with many unenveloped nucleocapsids within the cytoplasm. The distribution of HSV-induced antigen(s) on the surface of the infected cells is identical in the two cell systems as determined by the peroxidase labelling technique. The c.p.e. (as seen by phase contrast light microscopy) is similar in both HEp-2 and CEF cells: both fusion and rounding up is induced in the infected cells.
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PMID:Differences in the morphology of herpes simplex virus infected cells: I. Comparative scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies on HSV-1 infected HEp-2 and chick embryo fibroblast cells. 23 Feb 92

The penetration of ampicillin into middle ear effusions after oral administration of 800 mg bacampicillin to patients with acute otitis media was studied and compared with the serum levels. One hour after administration a mean (+/- SEM) concentration of 2.4 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml ampicillin was found in the effusions and the mean serum level was 7.7 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml. After twelve hours a mean concentration of 0.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml was found in the middle ear effusions and 0.1 +/- 0.03 micrograms/ml in the serum. The high concentration of ampicillin in middle ear effusions after twelve hours suggests that a twice daily dosage of bacampicillin should be given in acute otitis media.
Infection 1979
PMID:Ampicillin concentrations in middle ear effusions in acute otitis media after administration of bacampicillin. 51 60

The penetration of ampicillin into sinus mucosa and secretion after oral bacampicillin was studied in 30 patients subjected to radical maxillary sinus surgery. Bacampicillin in a dose of 1200 mg was administered orally before the operation and the concentrations in serum, sinus mucosa and secretion were assayed. The mean serum concentration (+/- SEM) reached its maximum of 13.4 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml in about one hour. The mean concentrations in the secretion and mucosa after two to five hours were 1.6 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml and 1.6 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml respectively. The clinical course of the patients was mostly uneventful. Adverse effects probably caused by the drug were found in two cases.
Infection 1979
PMID:A pharmacokinetic study of bacampicillin in patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis. 51 61

The pharmacokinetic properties of rufloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent, were evaluated in ten patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Patients were given 400 mg of rufloxacin once a day for seven to nine days. Plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay at regular intervals during treatment. After the first administration, maximal plasma concentrations were 3.17 +/- 0.36 mg/l (mean +/- SEM) and were reached at 4.2 +/- 0.7 h. At the end of treatment peak plasma concentrations increased to 7.26 +/- 0.52 mg/l. Elimination half-life was 38.2 +/- 2.9 h, with a mean extent of accumulation of 2.96 +/- 0.30. Treatment was well tolerated, with no abnormalities noted during routine laboratory examinations. Two days after the last administration, measurable levels of rufloxacin were still observed in plasma, indicating that the long half-life of rufloxacin assures valuable antibacterial activity even after discontinuation of treatment.
Infection
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin once daily in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. 131 13

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has significant biologic actions in many circumstances, such as infectious diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Based on the hypothesis that manipulation of TNF can play an important role in treatment of heart transplant rejection, the objective of this study was to determine whether anti-TNF antibodies could prolong cardiac allograft survival. Hearts from brown rats were transplanted to the necks of recipient Lewis rats. Graft survival was determined by direct palpation of the heart; complete graft rejection was defined by cessation of contraction. In untreated rats, the hearts were rejected 6.8 +/- 0.6 days (n = 10; mean +/- SEM) after transplantation. The mononuclear cell infiltrate in the transplanted hearts stained intensely for TNF by immunohistochemistry, indicating that TNF was present within the inflammatory cells associated with the rejection process. In rats receiving a single injection of anti-TNF antibody at the time of transplantation (n = 6), however, graft survival was nearly doubled (12.7 +/- 1.4 days; p less than 0.001 vs controls). Prolonged cardiac graft survival was also evident if the anti-TNF treatment was delayed until 1 day (n = 5; rejection at 16.2 +/- 2.4 days; p less than 0.001 vs controls) or even 3 days after transplantation (n = 5; rejection at 11.4 +/- 2.3 days; p less than 0.005 vs controls). Treatment at 5 days after transplantation, however, was not effective (n = 3; rejection at 7.7 +/- 0.6 days; p, not significant vs controls). The data indicate that a single bolus of anti-TNF antibodies can delay heart transplant rejection, even when administered up to 3 days after implantation, supporting the potential utility of anti-TNF therapy for treatment of heart transplant rejection.
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PMID:Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor prolong cardiac allograft survival in the rat. 157 39

The normal flora of the intestinal tract, mainly consisting of anaerobic bacteria, protects the host against colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial treatment with ceftriaxone may influence the colonic microflora and as a consequence, the protective effect. Ten healthy volunteers received 1 g of ceftriaxone intramuscularly for five days. This resulted in a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) of the mean cultural counts (+/- SEM) of total anaerobes from 10.67 (0.11) (prior to treatment) to 9.02 (0.45) and 8.97 (0.46) at days 3 and 5, respectively (during treatment). After treatment (days 10 and 15-19), the cultural counts of anaerobes returned to 10.17 (0.16) and 10.44 (0.18), respectively. Bacterial enzymes may serve as an indicator of protective microflora. beta- aspartylpeptidase and deoxycholate hydrolase activity was determined in faecal supernatants of the volunteers and compared with anaerobic culturing. Both enzymatic activities show a significant correlation with the total number of anaerobes present at day 3 of deftriaxone treatment. At day 5 and 8 only beta-aspartylpeptidase showed significant correlations with cultural counts of total anaerobes, Bacteroides spp. or bifidobacteria. At day 15 to 19 (ten to 14 days after treatment) beta-aspartylpeptidase showed only a significant correlation with the number of Bacteroides spp. This indicates that changes in the indigenous bacterial flora during and shortly after treatment with ceftriaxone can be monitored by determination of beta-aspartylpeptidase. Recovery of the intestinal flora is difficult to assess in this manner.
Infection
PMID:The effect of ceftriaxone on the anaerobic bacterial flora and the bacterial enzymatic activity in the intestinal tract. 180 Mar 69

Follow-up studies on 56 patients who suffered from antibiotically untreated, acute, monophasic neuroborreliosis five to 23 years ago revealed significant positive levels of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 20 patients (IFT, ELISA, Bb-specific IgG Western blot, Bb-specific IEF-IgG immunoblot). Nine of 10 tested patients had a definitely positive T-cell proliferative response to whole B. burgdorferi, with a mean (+/- -SEM) stimulation index of 7.2 +/- 1.8. Because the patients studied exhibited no, or only mild to medium sequelae without any evidence of a chronic-progressive disease, we interpret the long-term persistence of specific T- and B-lymphocyte responses to B. burgdorferi as an "immunological scar syndrome". Finally, diagnostic criteria of active neuroborreliosis are proposed.
Infection
PMID:Long-term persistence of specific T- and B-lymphocyte responses to Borrelia burgdorferi following untreated neuroborreliosis. 227 18

The polycation protamine sulfate was compared to polybrene, the usual agent employed, for its ability to increase the efficiency of retroviral infection. The murine retroviral vector SAX, which contains the neoR gene and the human adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA, was used as a marker of cell infection. SAX viral supernate was titered on NIH 3T3 cells in varying concentrations of polycation. The highest infection efficiency for protamine was seen at 5 micrograms/ml and was 7-fold greater than infections performed in the absence of polycation. Infection efficiency using protamine averaged 92% +/- 11 (SEM) of the highest efficiency obtained with polybrene. Total ADA activity attained when human-ADA deficient T cells were exposed to SAX supernate in the presence of protamine was 83% of that attained with polybrene. The infection rate of mouse bone marrow early progenitor cells (CFU-S) was similar with each polycation. In summary, for supernate infections, concentrations of 5-10 micrograms/ml of protamine provided essentially the same infection efficiency as polybrene with low toxicity on a range of cell types. Since protamine is approved for human use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration it provides an effective alternative to polybrene when developing human gene therapy protocols.
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PMID:Protamine sulfate as an effective alternative to polybrene in retroviral-mediated gene-transfer: implications for human gene therapy. 278

Thirty-seven patients with external gastrointestinal fistulas were treated with a combination of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and somatostatin (ST). There was a significant fall in fistula output within the first day of treatment (p less than 0.001). On the first day of combined therapy, the reduction of fistula output was 70%, and in 68% of the cases, the fistula output fell to less than 50% of the initial level. Spontaneous closure was observed in 82% of the cases, and the time taken to close the fistula ranged between 1 and 14 days of starting therapy [5.4 +/- 0.7 days (mean +/- SEM)]. The response to TPN-ST treatment occurred, irrespective of age and sex of patients, duration and daily output of the fistulas before ST use, and their location in the gastrointestinal tract. Infection of fistula output was a factor of adverse prognosis. In all cases, and in the absence of mechanical obstacles, treatment that combines TPN and ST could be tried and continued up to 14 days in cases in which the fistula output falls more than 50% on the first day of treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of external gastrointestinal fistulas by a combination of total parenteral nutrition and somatostatin. 288 8

We measured the serum selenium concentration in 64 patients with uncomplicated viral (n = 33) or bacterial (n = 31) infections during the acute state of infection, during the early convalescent phase and after a minimum recovery period of three weeks and compared it to serum iron values. Both selenium (mean +/- SEM: 70.3 +/- 2.3 micrograms/l vs 79.4 +/- 2.2 micrograms/l, p less than 0.0001) and iron (8.4 +/- 0.8 micrograms vs 16.7 +/- 0.9 micrograms/l, p less than 0.0001) concentrations showed significant depressions in the acute stage of infection compared with the values after the recovery. The reduction of serum selenium did not correlate with the severity of infection measured by fever. We conclude that acute infections decrease serum levels regardless of the infective agent. The changes are of interest because of the possible connection between selenium and the immune system.
Infection
PMID:Serum selenium in acute infections. 318 86


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