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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key molecules modulating brain plasticity. While low circulating levels of BDNF have been suggested to predispose to Alzheimer's disease, very little data are available on its association with cognitive function in general population. We evaluated the association between plasma BDNF levels and cognition in a representative population sample of ageing men and women. The subjects (n=1389) were participants of the Dose-Responses to Exercise Training (DR's EXTRA) Study and represent a random sample of Eastern Finnish people (684 men and 705 women), 57-79 years of age at baseline of the study. Plasma BDNF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological test battery. Women had a higher mean (+/-SEM) plasma BDNF level than men (1721+/-55vs. 1495+/-54pg/ml, P<0.001). In women, 1 SD decrease in BDNF increased the risk for a low score in Naming Test by 53% (95% CI 1.21-1.92, P<0.001), in Mini-Mental State Examination by 63% (95% CI 1.21-2.20, P=0.001), in Word List Memory by 56% (95% CI 1.08-2.26, P=0.019), in Word List Recall by 50% (95% CI 1.10-2.05, P=0.010), in Word List Saving by 49% (95% CI 1.12-1.99, P=0.007), and in Word List Recognition by 64% (95% CI 1.19-2.25, P=0.002). Data were adjusted for age, education, depression, impaired glucose metabolism, cardiovascular disease, antihypertensive medication, lipid lowering medication, use of sex hormones, smoking, alcohol consumption, storing time of plasma in the freezer and platelet count. BDNF was not associated with cognition in men. Present data suggest that plasma BDNF is a biomarker of impaired memory and general cognitive function in ageing women.
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PMID:BDNF is a novel marker of cognitive function in ageing women: the DR's EXTRA Study. 1870 12

Inactivity and muscular adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI) result in secondary complications such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and pressure sores. Functional electrically stimulated (FES) cycling can potentially reduce these complications, but previous studies have provided inconsistent results. We studied the effect of intensive long-term FES cycle training on muscle properties in 11 SCI subjects (mean +/- SEM: 41.8 +/- 2.3 years) who had trained for up to 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 1 year. Comparative measurements were made in 10 able-bodied (AB) subjects. Quadriceps maximal electrically stimulated torque increased fivefold (n = 5), but remained lower than in AB individuals. Relative force response at 1 HZ decreased, relaxation rate remained unchanged, and fatigue resistance improved significantly. Power output (PO) improved to a lesser extent than quadriceps torque and not to a greater extent than has been reported previously. We need to understand the factors that limit PO in order to maximize the benefits of FES cycling.
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PMID:Long-term intensive electrically stimulated cycling by spinal cord-injured people: effect on muscle properties and their relation to power output. 1881 13

One kind of novel hierarchical carbon nanotubes/bamboo charcoal (CNTs/BC) was prepared by CVD growth of CNTs on low-cost bamboo charcoal (BC). The obtained CNTs/BC composites were characterized by SEM and TEM observations. Adsorption of copper ions by CNTs/BC in aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbed copper species were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the CNTs/BC composites exhibited higher adsorption capacities toward aqueous copper ions than the pristine BCs and commercial activated bamboo charcoals (ABCs) with a specific surface area of over 1000 m(2) g(-1). The adsorption capacity increases with nanotube growth time. Moreover, nitric acid treatment was used for the oxidation of the carbon surface. The surface functional groups of carbon samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Boehm's titration method, and zeta potential analysis. It was found that nitric acid treatment for CNTs/BC produced more oxygen-containing functional groups, leading to a higher copper ion adsorption capability than conventional carbon adsorbents under the same treatment condition.
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PMID:Effect of growing CNTs onto bamboo charcoals on adsorption of copper ions in aqueous solution. 1905 22

Hypertension is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertensive individuals show exaggerated norepinephrine (NE) reactivity to stress. Norepinephrine is a known lipolytic factor. It is unclear if, in hypertensive individuals, stress-induced increases in NE are linked with the elevations in stress-induced circulating lipid levels. Such a mechanism could have implications for atherosclerotic plaque formation. In a cross-sectional, quasi-experimentally controlled study, 22 hypertensive and 23 normotensive men (mean +/- SEM, 45 +/- 3 years) underwent an acute standardized psychosocial stress task combining public speaking and mental arithmetic in front of an audience. We measured plasma NE and the plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) immediately before and after stress and at 20 and 60 minutes of recovery. All lipid levels were corrected for stress hemoconcentration. Compared with normotensives, hypertensives had greater TC (P = .030) and LDL-C (P = .037) stress responses. Independent of each other, mean arterial pressure (MAP) upon screening and immediate increase in NE predicted immediate stress change in TC (MAP: beta = .41, P = .003; NE: beta = .35, P = .010) and LDL-C (MAP: beta = .32, P = .024; NE: beta = .38, P = .008). Mean arterial pressure alone predicted triglycerides stress change (beta = .32, P = .043) independent of NE stress change, age, and BMI. The MAP-by-NE interaction independently predicted immediate stress change of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (beta = -.58, P < .001) and of LDL-C (beta = -.25, P < .08). We conclude that MAP and NE stress reactivity may elicit proatherogenic changes of plasma lipids in response to acute psychosocial stress, providing one mechanism by which stress might increase cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
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PMID:Changes in plasma lipids with psychosocial stress are related to hypertension status and the norepinephrine stress response. 1905 28

Silica nanowires (phi = 70-80 nm) and core crystalline silicon carbide/amorphous silica coaxial nanocables (phi = 30-50 nm) have been grown on Ni (5 nm) covered silicon substrates by thermal CVD at 950 degrees C. Heating the sample in different atmospheres and the addition of methane lead to the growth of the nanostructures. The as-grown product was characterized by Scanning Electron (SEM) and Transmission Electron (TEM) Microscopies, Infrared (IR) and Glow Discharge Optical Emission (GDOES) Spectroscopies. High contents of Ni, O and Si have been detected in the surface layer for argon and nitrogen treatments and in both cases silica based nanostructures grew. However, no nanostructures were obtained in hydrogen environment probably due to the detected Ni migration inward the substrate making the nanostructures nucleation more difficult. In this work we have studied and proven that previous processes on the substrate surface affect significantly the nanostructures growth.
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PMID:Influence of the atmosphere on the growth by CVD of silicon based nanostructures. 1991 27

Inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and it has been suggested that the protective effects of whole-grain consumption could be mediated by an effect on inflammation, although few studies have examined the relationships between grain intakes and inflammatory protein concentrations. Our objectives in this study were to examine the associations of whole grain and refined grain intake with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen plasma concentrations. Cross-sectional data from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study were used to perform multiple regression analyses using dietary information on whole and refined grain intakes from a FFQ and clinical measures of plasma inflammatory protein concentrations in participants free of type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables, whole-grain intake was inversely related to log PAI-1 (beta = -0.102; SEM = 0.038; P = 0.0077) and log CRP (beta = -0.102; SEM = 0.048; P = 0.0340). Adding insulin sensitivity, waist circumference, and 2-h postload glucose to the model attenuated both associations to nonsignificance. Refined grain was positively related to log PAI-1 in the multivariate model (beta = 0.076; SEM = 0.034; P = 0.0251) and the relationship remained unchanged by additional adjustment for metabolic variables. Fibrinogen concentrations were not related to whole or refined grain intake. In summary, whole grain intake was inversely related to PAI-1 and CRP plasma concentrations, but these relationships were attenuated by the addition of metabolic variables to the model. Refined grain intake was positively independently related to plasma PAI-1 concentrations.
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PMID:Whole and refined grain intakes are related to inflammatory protein concentrations in human plasma. 2008 89

The current study investigated the acute effects of accumulating short bouts of running on circulating concentrations of postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Ten men, age 21-32 yr, completed two 1-d trials. On 1 occasion participants ran at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake in six 5-min bouts (i.e., 8:30, 10, and 11:30 a.m. and 1, 2:30, and 4 p.m.) with 85 min rest between runs. On another occasion participants rested throughout the day. In both trials, participants consumed test meals at 9 a.m. and 12 p.m. In each trial, venous blood samples were collected at 8:30, 10, and 11:30 a.m. and 1, 2:30, 4, and 5:30 p.m. for plasma TAG measurement and at 8:30 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. for serum CRP measurement. Total area under the curve for plasma TAG concentration versus time was 10% lower on the exercise trial than the control trial (M +/- SEM: 13.5 +/- 1.8 vs. 15.0 +/- 1.9 mmol x 9 hr(-1) x L(-1); p = .004). Serum CRP concentrations did not differ between trials or over time. This study demonstrates that accumulating short bouts of running reduces postprandial plasma TAG concentrations (a marker for cardiovascular disease risk) but does not alter serum CRP concentrations.
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PMID:Acute effects of accumulating exercise on postprandial lipemia and C-reactive protein concentrations in young men. 2017 27

In this paper, we report the use of the TMCVD technique for the optimisation of deposited diamond films onto Ti6Al4V substrates. A number of samples were made varying the experimental parameters. The specimen surfaces were characterised using micro Raman spectra and SEM analyses. Results show that very different surface finish (from micro to nanostructures) and film characteristics can be obtained from the experimental parameters used. The quality of deposited diamond is very dependant on the experimental settings and process. It was found that lower residual stresses are developed using the TMCVD technique than with conventional CVD but depend on the structural diamond growth during the process. The quality of the deposited film was evaluated as a function of diamond to amorphous carbon ratio but showed no direct relation with the surface finish since it characterises the quality of the deposited diamond but not the quality of the film surface.
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PMID:Towards optimization of time modulated chemical vapour deposition for nanostructured diamond films on Ti6Al4V. 2035 10

In this paper, micro gas sensor was fabricated using indium oxide nanowire for effective gas detection and monitoring system. Indium oxide nanowire was grown using thermal CVD, and their structural properties were examined by the SEM, XRD and TEM. The electric properties for microdropped indium oxide nanowire device were measured, and gas response characteristics were examined for CO gas. Sensors showed high sensitivity and stability for CO gas. And with below 20 mw power consumption, 5 ppm CO could be detected.
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PMID:Low power consumption and high sensitivity carbon monoxide gas sensor using indium oxide nanowire. 2035 19

[Ag(CF(3)COO)(bpy)] (), [Ag(2)(C(2)F(5)COO)(2)(bpy)] () and [Ag(2)(C(3)F(7)COO)(2)(bpy)] () were prepared and characterized by MS-EI, (1)H, (13)C NMR, variable-temperature IR (VT-IR) spectroscopy (solid sample and evolved volatile species) and thermal analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data revealed the polymeric structure for [Ag(2)(C(2)F(5)COO)(2)(bpy)] and [Ag(6)(C(3)F(7)COO)(6)(bpy)(4)], with bridging bpy ligand, whereas for [Ag(CF(3)COO)(bpy)] the dimeric system with monodentately linked carboxylate was noted. Mass spectra analysis of () over 30-300 degrees C indicates the presence of binuclear ions [(RCOO)Ag(2)](+) as a main volatile particles, which can be transported in CVD process. VT-IR studies of gases evolved during the thermal decomposition process, demonstrate the presence of fluorocarbon species and CO(2) as the most abundant molecules. Thermal analysis of () revealed a multi-stage decomposition mechanism resulting in Ag(0) formation below 290 degrees C. Compounds were tested for silver metal spray pyrolysis and obtained layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and XRD.
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PMID:X-Ray structural and gas phase studies of silver(i) perfluorinated carboxylate complexes with 2,2'-bipyridyl as potential precursors for chemical vapour deposition (CVD). 2044 28


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