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 47,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluated the nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of four groups of women: 18 postmenopausal women, 14 college-aged dancers, 13 members of a college track team, and 14 nonathletic college women. Subjects completed a personal information questionnaire, a 24-hour food recall, a food frequency questionnaire, a nutrition knowledge test, and an attitude survey; measurements of the subjects' spinal bone density were also taken. The mean (+/- 0.5 standard error [SEM]) nutrition knowledge score of the dancers (22.5) was significantly lower than the mean scores of the postmenopausal women (28.5), the nonathletes (29.7), and the track team members (26.5). Dancers also reported eating fewer mean (+/- 4.0 SEM) servings of high-calcium foods per month (43) than did postmenopausal women (77), nonathletes (66), or track team members (73). Track team members had a significantly higher mean (+/- 0.2 SEM) anorexia/bulimia score (3.7) than did postmenopausal women (2.5), nonathletes (2.1), or dancers (2.2). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density among the four groups. The number of servings of high-calcium foods eaten was significantly correlated with nutrition knowledge scores (r = .38) and attitude scores (R = .32), but nutrition knowledge and attitude scores were not significantly correlated with each other. The track team members exercised significantly more than women in all other groups--mean (+/- 40 SEM) minutes exercise time was 700 minutes/week for track team members, 79 minutes/week for postmenopausal women, 92 minutes/week for nonathletes, and 500 minutes/week for dancers--and also experienced the most amenorrhea.
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PMID:A comparison of nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female college athletes, and nonathletic college women. 155 28

Several neuroendocrine disregulations have been demonstrated in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but a definite therapeutic strategy has not yet been found. Since acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) has been reported to have a specific effect on central cholinergic, serotoninergic, dopaminergic and opioidergic systems, 20 patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea were treated with ALC (2 g/day, per os). Both the clinical efficacy and the endocrine parameters were evaluated after 6 months. The patients were subdivided in two groups according to their LH plasma levels: A) hypogonadotropic: 10 subjects with plasma LH less than 3 mIU/ml, and B) normogonadotropic: 10 subjects with plasma LH greater than 3 mIU/ml. All subjects underwent: 1) a pulsatility study (4 h sampling every 10 min), 2) GnRH test (two bolus injections of 10 micrograms at time 0 and +120), 3) TRH test (200 micrograms). These parameters were evaluated before and after 6 months of ALC administration. The occurrence of a spontaneous menstruation was observed in 6 out of 10 hypogonadotropinemic and in 4 out of 10 normogonadotropinemic patients. Menstrual bleeding occurred between the 3rd and the 6th month of therapy. Major hormonal changes after ALC administration were observed in the hypogonadotropic subjects. They showed a significant increase in baseline plasma LH levels (from 0.9 +/- 0.1 to 3.5 +/- 0.7 mIU/ml, p less than 0.05) (mean +/- SEM), a significant increase in LH pulse amplitude (p less than 0.01) with no changes in LH pulse frequency, and a significantly increased response of LH to the latter GnRH bolus during the GnRH test. Hypogonadotropic patients also showed a significant increase in both estradiol (from 18.8 +/- 2.5 to 48 +/- 3.3 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) and PRL (from 6 +/- 1 to 11.4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the hormonal parameters of normogonadotropic patients after 6 months of ALC therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acetyl-l-carnitine as possible drug in the treatment of hypothalamic amenorrhea. 176 15

Beside the well characterized PRL-secreting adenomas, a wide spectrum of functional hyperprolactinemic states exists. We describe here five women, 21-38 yr old, all suspected of having a PRL-secreting adenoma because of a pseudotumoral appearance of the pituitary on computerized tomographic (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four had oligomenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, one had amenorrhea with galactorrhea, and two complained of infertility. In the same patient, basal plasma PRL levels were variable on different days, sometimes normal (mean +/- SEM, 11.3 +/- 1.5 micrograms/L), sometimes elevated (49 +/- 7 micrograms/L), but in all cases, a PRL response of large amplitude to TRH (6- to 8-fold increase in the basal value) was observed. Basal plasma levels of estradiol were within luteal phase normal values (0.41 +/- 0.13 pmol/L), while progesterone levels were low (1.92 +/- 0.47 nmol/L). CT scan or MRI showed an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension, suggesting a tumoral process. However, the signal intensity was homogeneous, and on coronal views, the suprasellar extension was pyramidal and symmetrical, and the pituitary stalk was always in the midline. The five patients were operated on by the transsphenoidal route, but no adenoma was found. Surgical biopsies were taken in four cases, and lactotroph hyperplasia, i.e. enlarged cell cords consisting mainly of PRL cells, was found in three of them. One case displayed a continuum between areas of lactotroph hyperplasia and adenomatous PRL cells. We conclude that functional hyperprolactinemia may mimic on CT scan or MRI a PRL-secreting adenoma.
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PMID:Pituitary enlargement with suprasellar extension in functional hyperprolactinemia due to lactotroph hyperplasia: a pseudotumoral disease. 193 14

One hundred eighty pregnant patients, 17 to 39 years old (mean (+)/- SEM: 25.1 (+)/- 0.39), with an amenorrhea of 7 to 12 weeks (mean (+)/- SEM: 9.4 (+)/- 0.10), and requesting a therapeutic abortion, were selected according to general good health and gave their informed consent to the study. Mifepristone (RU-486; Roussel UCLAF, Paris, France) an antiprogestin steroid, was administered at random in doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg. Clinical evaluations and measurements of cervical dilatation were done before the study and repeated at 24 hours after administration of Mifepristone and at 48 hours, at which time the aspiration was performed. Significant increases in cervical dilatation were observed at 48 hours with all doses of Mifepristone above 50 mg. The increases were significantly greater in patients with a gestational age greater than 10 weeks than in those less than 10 weeks' gestational age. Parity had no influence on cervical dilatation at 48 hours. Bleeding was observed significantly more often with 100 to 600 mg doses of Mifepristone than with 0 to 50 mg. No influence of gestational age or parity on bleeding could be detected. Abdominal cramps were reported more frequently with 200, 400, and 600 mg of Mifepristone at 48 hours and their occurrence appeared to parallel cervical dilatation.
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PMID:The effects of RU-38486 on cervical ripening. Clinical studies. 230 19

The lack of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatile pattern or episodic LH secretory bursts during night have been demonstrated in hypothalamic amenorrhea. The availability of both sensitive and specific immunofluorimetric assay and algorithm for pulse detection enabled us to reanalyze the question of whether or not patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea secrete LH in a pulsatile fashion. Seven women with secondary amenorrhea associated with weight loss and four normally cycling women were studied, sampling every 5 minutes for 8 hours. Control subjects were studied during four different phases of the menstrual cycle. In all amenorrheic patients, a frequent LH pulsatile secretion, with pulses of low amplitude, was found (10.7 +/- 1.4 peaks/8 h; mean +/- SEM). The pulse frequency was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than any phases of the control group (early follicular: 7 +/- 0.4 peaks/8 h; late follicular: 6.8 +/- 0.6 peaks/8 h; early luteal: 4.3 +/- 0.4 peaks/8 h; late luteal: 7 +/- 0.3 peaks/8 h). The LH pulsatile release in amenorrheic patients showed a mean pulse duration and amplitude shorter than in any phase of the menstrual cycle of the controls. In conclusion, in weight-loss-related-amenorrhea, the major change was not the absence of the LH pulsatile release but its increased frequency with reduced pulse amplitude.
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PMID:Evidence of luteinizing hormone secretion in hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with weight loss. 237 23

Vaginal douching with polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP-I) during pregnancy results in maternal iodine overload and increases the iodine content of amniotic fluid. We evaluated the possible effects of this therapy on the thyroid of the fetus by investigating 62 women with a mean duration of amenorrhea of 20 weeks who solicited controlled abortion. Nineteen of them douched daily with PVP-I for 7 consecutive days before abortion (treated group). The other 43 women were not treated (control group). In both groups the iodine content was determined in the fetal thyroid and in amniotic fluid and maternal urine at the time of abortion. In addition, in the treated group the concentrations of iodine were also determined in amniotic fluid and urine before therapy and in urine after 4 days of therapy. There were no differences in the concentrations of iodine in urine and amniotic fluid in the control group and in the treated group before therapy. In the treated group urinary iodine increased from 6.1 +/- (SEM) 0.8 micrograms/dl before therapy to 91 +/- 20 micrograms/dl after 4 days and to 153 +/- 60 micrograms/dl after 7 days of therapy (p less than 0.001). In parallel, iodine in amniotic fluid increased from 1.2 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dl before therapy to 3.7 +/- 1.3 micrograms/dl after 7 days (p less than 0.05). In both groups the iodine content of the fetal thyroid increased with gestational age. However, it increased more rapidly in the treated group (from 1 to 7.7 micrograms) than in the control group (from 1 to 2.5 micrograms), p less than 0.05.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of vaginal douching with povidone-iodine during early pregnancy on the iodine supply to mother and fetus. 280 85

Prolactin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in paired breast milk and plasma samples of 11 hyperprolactinemic women with galactorrhea and various menstrual disorders (amenorrhea, n = 8; oligomenorrhea, n = 2; luteal phase defect, n = 1) before and during treatment with bromocriptine (Parlodel, Sandoz). Pretreatment levels of prolactin in the milk and plasma were 80 +/- 13 ng/mL (mean +/- SEM) and 47 +/- 7 ng/mL (P less than 0.05), respectively. While on treatment, the concentration gradient for prolactin remained in favour of the milk, with values for milk and plasma 59 +/- 11 and 29 +/- 3 ng/mL (P less than 0.01), respectively. Thus, bromocriptine lowered the prolactin concentrations in both breast milk and plasma. Since prolactin in milk is biologically active, these findings may be relevant to the initiation and maintenance of lactation in women with abnormal lactogenesis.
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PMID:Immunoreactive prolactin in breast milk and plasma of women with hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea and menstrual dysfunction. 290 79

To evaluate the suitability of the sc route for the pulsatile delivery of GnRH, plasma GnRH, LH, and FSH levels were measured by RIA in five women with hypothalamic amenorrhea after sc injection of single doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 micrograms GnRH. The results were compared with those obtained after bolus iv injection of 10 micrograms GnRH. After sc injection, plasma GnRH levels rose to a dose-related maximum after 5-10 min and fell to less than 10% of the peak value by 90 min. The mean plasma disappearance half-time was 24 min (range, 18-30 min). After bolus iv injection, an initial rapid phase of disappearance (t1/2, 2.8 min) was followed by a slower phase (t1/2, 33 min), falling within the 95% confidence intervals for the disappearance half-time after sc administration (12-36 min). The patterns of LH response to sc and iv GnRH were similar, with maximum levels reached between 20 and 30 min after injection, then declining to 50-69% of the peak value by 90 min after sc injection and 61% of the peak value 90 min after iv injection. There was no significant difference between peak LH responses to 10 micrograms iv and sc doses of GnRH [15.2 +/- 2.5 (+/- SEM) vs. 13.2 +/- 2.2 IU/L]. Subcutaneous administration of three consecutive GnRH pulses at 90-min intervals to four women resulted in gonadotropin responses to each GnRH pulse. We conclude that sc GnRH administration results in pulsatile plasma GnRH and gonadotropin responses, the latter resembling those seen after iv GnRH. These results confirm the suitability of the sc route for pulsatile GnRH delivery.
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PMID:Subcutaneous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: absorption kinetics and gonadotropin responses. 310 5

Recently, a decrease in bone mineral content (BMC) in hyperprolactinaemic women with long-lasting amenorrhoea has been reported, and attributed either to a direct effect of PRL on bone or secondary to the oestrogen deficiency. To verify if PRL by itself has a direct effect on bone, we have studied BMC at the lumbar level by double-photon absorptiometry in 22 patients with hyperprolactinaemia, selected on the basis of normal or near-normal oestradiol levels. The results were compared with those obtained in 28 healthy closely-matched women, and seven hyperprolactinaemic patients with long-lasting amenorrhoea and oestrogen deficiency. No significant difference in BMC was observed between hyperprolactinaemic patients with normal oestrogen levels (mean +/- SEM = 3.87 +/- 0.10 gHA/cm) and normal subjects (mean +/- SEM = 3.76 +/- 0.10 gHA/cm). Moreover, no significant change was observed during a 6 month follow-up in 13 patients. On the other hand, a significant difference (P less than 0.05) was detected in BMC between the hyperprolactinaemic patients with normal oestradiol levels and those with long-lasting amenorrhoea and oestrogen deficiency (mean +/- SEM = 3.39 +/- 0.18). These results suggest that hyperprolactinaemia by itself is not a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Vertebral bone density in non-amenorrhoeic hyperprolactinaemic women. 316 98

To further evaluate the potency and time course of the PRL-lowering effect of single oral doses of cabergoline, two doses of the drug were given to 51 hyperprolactinemic patients who also received 2.5 mg bromocriptine according to a randomized cross-over design. One group (n = 26) received 0.3 mg, and the other (n = 25) received 0.6 mg. Both cabergoline doses induced a significant fall in serum PRL levels, which lasted, on the average, from 3 h to 5 days after 0.3 mg and from 3 h to 14 days after 0.6 mg; the mean maximum decrease after 0.3 mg was -65 +/-4% (+/- SEM), significantly (P less than 0.05) less than that after bromocriptine (group mean, -73 +/- 4%), and it was -76 +/- 3% after 0.6 mg, not significantly different from that induced by bromocriptine (group mean, -71 +/- 4%). The effect of 0.6 mg cabergoline was significantly greater than that of 0.3 mg (P less than 0.01). In a second study designed to evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the new drug, 0.3 or 0.6 mg cabergoline was administered orally once weekly for 9 weeks to 2 groups of 15 and 16 hyperprolactinemic patients, respectively. Serum PRL levels fell significantly by the first week and reached a plateau after 2 doses in the 0.6 mg cabergoline-treated group and after 5 doses in the 0.3 mg-treated group; the absolute PRL decrease was greater in the former. Ten patients in each group achieved normal serum PRL levels, and a marked decrease (greater than 50% of pretreatment values) occurred in all patients treated with 0.6 mg and in 13 treated with 0.3 mg weekly. Resumption of menses occurred during the treatment period in 15 of the 17 premenopausal women with amenorrhea. Six patients who had poor responses had better responses when given higher drug doses for 4 weeks, and serum PRL levels became normal in the 3 receiving 0.6 mg twice weekly. These data confirm that cabergoline is a long-acting oral dopaminergic drug and suggest that it may be a useful agent for the treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia.
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PMID:Prolactin-lowering effect of acute and once weekly repetitive oral administration of cabergoline at two dose levels in hyperprolactinemic patients. 327 84


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