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Query: UMLS:C0423716 (Neuropathic pain)
 1,417 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuropathic pain is result of damage or dysfunction of periphery or central nervous system. There is no adequate adaptation and produce suffering without biological helpfulness. The aim of treatment of patient with neuropathic pain is soothing of pain and suffering and prevention of further development of pathological process. Periphery mechanisms of neuropathic pain include hyperexcitability of cell membrane and periphery sensibilization. Central mechanism includes central sensibilization, central reorganization of alphabeta fibers and loss of inhibition mechanisms. The main symptoms of neuropathic pain are described as lancinating, stabbing, or shooting pain. Hyperalgesia and allodynia are special kind of neuropathic pain that is provoked by mechanic or thermal stimuli. Mononeuropathy, plexopathy, radiculopathy, and myelopathy, lesions of thymus, cortex or brain stem are real cause of neuropathic pain. In the treatment of neuropathic pain drug such as opioid, nonsteroid antirheumatics, analgetics, tricyclic antidepressant and antiepileptic are used. The most successful treatment is with antiepileptic drugs of second generation. Carbamazepin was the drug of choice till ten years ago. Since then the leader position in treatment has belong to gabapentin in dose from 900-2400 mg daily. Currently the new drug is tested, antiepileptic pregabaline. The first experiences are promising.
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PMID:[Neuropathic pain]. 1762 48

Purinergic signalling in the brain is becoming an important focus in the study of CNS health and disease. Various purinergic receptors are found to be present in different brain cells in varying extent, which get activated upon binding of ATP or its analogues. Conventionally, ATP was considered only as a major metabolic fuel of the cell but its recognition as a neurotransmitter in early 1970s, brought meaningful insights in neuron glia crosstalk, participating in various physiological functions in the brain. P2X7R, a member of ligand gated purinergic receptor (P2X) family, is gaining attention in the field of neuroscience because of its emerging role in broad spectrum of ageing and age related neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the structure and function of P2X7R highlighting its unique features which distinguish it from the other members of its family. This review critically analyzes the literature mentioning the details about the agonist and antagonist of the P2X7R. It also emphasizes the advancements in understanding the dual role of P2X7R in brain development and disorders inviting meaningful insights about its involvement in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuropathic pain, Spinal Cord Injury and NeuroAIDS. Exploring the roles of P2X7R in detail is critical to identify its therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this review also helps to raise more interest in the neurobiology of the purinergic receptors and thus providing new avenues for future research.
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PMID:Emerging role of P2X7 receptors in CNS health and disease. 2647 5

Neuropathic pain (NeP) is commonly encountered in patients with diseases associated with spinal cord damage (e.g., spinal cord injury (SCI) and compressive myelopathy). Recent studies described persistent glial activation and neuronal hyperactivity in SCI, but the pathomechanisms of NeP in chronic compression of the spinal cord remains elusive. The purpose of the present study was to determine the roles of microglia and infiltrating macrophages in NeP. The study was conducted in chimeric spinal hyperostotic mice (ttw/ttw), characterized by chronic progressive compression of the spinal cord as a suitable model of human compressive myelopathy. The severity of spinal cord compression correlated with proportion of activated microglia and hematogenous macrophages. Spinal cord compression was associated with overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in infiltrating macrophages and reversible blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption in the dorsal horns. Our results suggested that chronic neuropathic pain in long-term spinal cord compression correlates with infiltrating macrophages, activated microglial cells and the associated damage of BSCB, together with overexpression of p-38 MAPK and p-ERK1/2 in these cells. Our findings are potentially useful for the design of new therapies to alleviate chronic neuropathic pain associated with compressive myelopathy.
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PMID:Role of macrophages and activated microglia in neuropathic pain associated with chronic progressive spinal cord compression. 3166 61