Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0409974 (lupus)
 22,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypercoagulable states are found in up to 10 per cent of patients with a history of unexplained venous thrombosis. To investigate the prevalence in arterial thrombosis, thrombophilia screening was performed on 124 patients who had previously undergone lower-limb revascularization, 45 claudicants and 27 controls. Of the patients who had undergone revascularization 40 per cent had a hypercoagulation abnormality (low levels of protein C, protein S and antithrombin III or presence of the lupus anticoagulant) in comparison with 27 per cent of claudicants and 11 per cent of controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, patients who had suffered reocclusion after revascularization were significantly more likely to have a hypercoagulation abnormality than those who had not (P < 0.05), even if the occlusion had occurred more than 6 months previously. Lupus anticoagulant was the abnormality most frequently detected and, like low protein C levels, was found only in patients with peripheral vascular disease. It appears that hypercoagulable states are common in patients with arterial disease and may predispose to failure of revascularization.
 ...
PMID:Hypercoagulable states in patients with leg ischaemia. 804 89

Venous thromboembolism is rare in Chinese. To determine the incidence and disease profile of thrombophilia in Chinese patients with thrombosis, 52 unselected Chinese patients with documented venous thrombosis were studied for the presence of thrombophilia. Levels of antithrombin III (AT III), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) as well as the presence of acquired lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) were investigated. Thirty patients were found to be abnormal. These consisted of 5 AT III deficiencies, 9 PC deficiencies, 10 PS deficiencies, 1 combined PC & PS deficiency (all in the heterozygous range), and 5 patients with LA and/or ACA. When the patients with LA and/or ACA are excluded, the incidence of hereditary thrombophilia is 25/47 i.e. 53.2% which is much higher than those reported in studies of Caucasian patients selected under strict criteria. Family studies performed in 16 cases of hereditary thrombophilia revealed involvement in 11 cases (68.7%); a total of 36 heterozygous family members were affected, most of which remain asymptomatic. Although 35 events predisposing to thrombosis (27 pregnancies, 1 oral contraceptive consumption and 7 surgical operations) were identified among these index patients, and the heterozygous family members, thrombosis was observed on only 6 occasions (17.1%). The data suggest that pregnancy and surgery do not carry the same degree of thrombotic risk in Chinese as in the Caucasian population with heterozygous AT III, PC and PS deficiency.
 ...
PMID:High incidence of thrombophilia detected in Chinese patients with venous thrombosis. 805 55

Activated protein C (APC)-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex and APC-alpha 1antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) complex levels were measured in 29 patients positive for lupus anticoagulant (LA). LA was considered positive if two of the following three criteria were fulfilled: (1) prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time, (2) prolongation of the kaolin clotting time (KCT) and KCT mixing test, and (3) prolongation of the dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) and DRVVT/DRVVT with high lipid concentration. Plasma thrombin-antithrombin III (AT-III) complex and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibitor complex levels in patients positive for LA were increased slightly, but not significantly, and FDP-D-dimer and t-PA levels were not markedly increased. Plasma PAI-1 level in the LA-positive patients was significantly increased compared with normal volunteers. AT-III activity, protein C antigen, PCI antigen, and protein S antigen levels in the LA-positive patients were virtually normal, while protein C activity was slightly, but not significantly, decreased. APC-PCI complex level was increased in all LA-positive patients, and was not detectable in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and normal volunteers. APC-alpha 1AT complex was increased slightly, in only two LA-positive patients; it was not detectable in the other patients or in the normal volunteers. These findings suggest that patients positive for LA are in a hypercoagulable state and that protein C activity in such patients is decreased, due to the activation of this protein.
 ...
PMID:Increased activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex level in patients positive for lupus anticoagulant. 805 49

This review has stressed the common hereditary and acquired blood protein defects associated with thrombosis. The most common of the hereditary defects appear to be antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiency and the most common acquired defects are anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant. Therefore these are the defects that should first be looked for in an individual with unexplained thrombosis. If these more common defects are not found, then the rarer defects, including heparin cofactor II, plasminogen or tissue plasminogen activator deficiency, dysfibrinogenemia, or elevated PAI-1 should next be sought. The importance of finding these defects has significant implications for therapy of the individual patient and for institution of family studies to identify, inform, and possibly treat others at risk. It is expected that as knowledge of hemostasis expands, more hereditary and acquired defects, such as elevated lipoprotein(a) or defects of extrinsic (tissue factor) pathway inhibitor may be associated with enhanced risks of thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Syndromes of hypercoagulability and thrombosis: a review. 805 29

Snake venoms contain a rich variety of factors affecting the haemostatic mechanism which can be broadly classified as possessing coagulatant, anticoagulant and haemorrhagic activity. Coagulant enzymes include activators of blood coagulation factors II (prothrombin), V and X; anticoagulants include protein C activators, inhibitors of prothrombin complex formation and fibrinogenases which can be further classified according to their specificity for the alpha-, beta- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen. Intermediate between true coagulants and true anticoagulants are the thrombin-like enzymes which bring about clotting in vitro but defibrination (anticoagulation) in vivo. Snake venoms also affect platelets either by inducing or inhibiting platelet aggregation and cause haemorrhage via an action on platelets or via proteolysis of the blood vessel wall. Haemorrhagins also include inter alia, the alpha-fibrinogenases. This rich diversity of snake venom components affecting haemostasis has enabled a range of practical applications to be established including therapeutic anticogulation with thrombin-like enzymes (Ancrod and Defibrase) and laboratory tests for individual haemostatic factors (protein C, prothrombin, factor X and lupus anticoagulant). This broad spectrum of materials in snake venoms suggests some evolutionary advantage to the venom producer, not only for dispatching prey but as agents which 'spread' the venom toxins throughout the body and initiate digestion.
 ...
PMID:Snake venoms affecting the haemostatic mechanism--a consideration of their mechanisms, practical applications and biological significance. 807 11

This article has stressed the common hereditary and acquired blood protein defects associated with thrombosis. The commonest hereditary defects appear to be antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiency, and the commonest acquired defects are anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant. Therefore these are the defects that should first be looked for in an individual with unexplained thrombosis. If these commoner defects are not found, the rarer defects, including HC-II, plasminogen or t-PA deficiency, dysfibrinogenemia, or elevated PAI-1, should next be sought. The incidence of activated protein C cofactor deficiency is not yet clear but may also represent a common defect. Likewise, PAI-1 defects may, with time, be shown to be quite common. The importance of finding these defects has significant implications for therapy of the individual patient and for institution of family studies to identify, inform, and possibly treat others at risk. It is expected that as knowledge of hemostasis expands, more hereditary and acquired defects, such as elevated lipoprotein (a) or defects of extrinsic (tissue factor) pathway inhibitor may be associated with enhanced risks of thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Hypercoagulability and thrombosis. 817 Feb 63

The influence of 38 IgG fractions with either cardiolipin antibodies only (CLa) or both CLa and lupus anticoagulant activity (LA) on the response to activated protein C (APC) and on the snake venom activation of protein C were investigated. Five of eight IgG fractions with LA activity showed a tendency to reduce the effect of APC in the aPTT method and to simulate the APC-resistance phenomenon. This effect was not observed in IgG fractions without LA activity. The addition of IgG fractions did not decrease enzymatic activation of protein C in normal plasma. No correlation was found between sample protein C activity and CLa level or the extent of clotting time prolongation. These observations suggested that acquired resistance to APC in the presence of some types of phospholipid antibodies may be a cause of thrombophilia in such patients.
 ...
PMID:A new variant of interaction between phospholipid antibodies and the protein C system. 818 Mar 37

A 26-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed as having both lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin antibody (ACA). Her previous pregnancy ended in intrauterine fetal death at 27 weeks' gestation. During the present pregnancy she was treated with aspirin, dipiridamole, predonisolone, and heparin. At 24 weeks, fetal growth became retarded, accompanied by markedly decreased activities of AT-III, protein C, plasminogen and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. Supplement of human AT-III led both to prolongation of the gestational period and improvement of fetal growth. The pregnancy ended in cesarean section because of signs of fetal distress at 30 weeks. The infant was a 1025-g male with Apgar scores of 5 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively, and is healthy. The mother developed DIC after surgery, but recovered after therapy. In this case, TAT, alpha 2PI-plasmin complex, FDP Ddimer, FPB beta 15-42, L-FDP showed little correlation with the clinical course.
 ...
PMID:[Administration of human AT-III in a case of lupus anticoagulant positive pregnancy]. 831 36

The work presented in this review suggests that in human and murine type I diabetes, defective MHC class I expression on APC is linked to autoimmunity. The defect in self-antigen presentation is present on prediabetic and diabetic APC, and this presumably delivers abnormal or lack of signals to T cells to allow self tolerance. Since most autoimmune diseases have strong genetic linkage to MHC class II region, our recent results additionally demonstrating low MHC class I expression on lymphoid cells in a diversity of autoimmune diseases (hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, etc.) suggest that this pathway of abnormal class I presentation of self epitopes may be important for tolerance to many tissue-specific antigens (40). Certainly, the unanswered genetic questions will address the role of the specific genes controlling self-antigen presentation through MHC class I followed by T-cell education to self.
 ...
PMID:Mechanisms of autoimmunity in type I diabetes. 844 41

Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2) and thrombin-antithrombin-III-complex (TAT) levels were compared in 31 orally anticoagulated patients with inferior vena caval filters and a control group of 31 orally anticoagulated patients without caval filters and the incidence of markers of thrombophilia (deficiency of antithrombin-III, protein C, protein S and factor XII, presence of lupus anticoagulants) was determined. 8 of 31 patients (26%) from the group of caval filter carriers showed markers of thrombophilia (3 protein S deficiencies, 1 protein C deficiency, 2 factor XII deficiencies and 2 patients with lupus anticoagulants). In all orally anticoagulated patients a significant interdependence (p < 0.05) between F1 + 2- and TAT-levels and intensity (INR) of the oral anticoagulation could be observed. Comparison of F1 + 2- and TAT-levels of caval filter carriers and controls revealed no significant difference which leads to the conclusion that inferior vena caval filters do not induce detectable systemic activation of prothrombin under adequate oral anticoagulation therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex(TAT) and thrombophilia parameters in orally anticoagulated patients with inferior vena cava filters]. 851 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>