Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0409974 (lupus)
 22,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes a new method for detecting and quantitating those immunoglobulins G (IgG) in serum that are related to Graves' disease. The method is based on previous observations which indicate that the guinea pig fat cell membrane (FCM) is capable of binding Graves'-specific IgG, but does not bind the IgG common to Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease, such as antimicrosomal antibodies. Crude FCM preparations were iodinated by a lactoperoxidase technique and were then treated with Triton X-100 to yield a solubilized radioiodinated FCM (SFCM) preparation. SFCM, which retained bovine (b) TSH binding and Graves'-IgG binding properties, provided a radioactively labeled receptor with which to test for the presence of fat cell-binding IgG (FBI) in immunoprecipitates prepared by reacting these IgG with antibody against the Fc fragment of human IgG. FBI values (percentage of added SFCM bound to immunoprecipitate; mean + SD) in IgG from 16 patients with thyrotoxicosis caused by Graves' disease (6.0 +/- 1.7) were completely separated from those in IgG from 16 normal subjects (0.4 +/- 0.3). IgG from 2 hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's disease, which were strongly positive in the TSH binding inhibition (TBI) assay, yielded FBI values within the range in Graves' disease, but values in TBI-negative IgG from 15 other patients with Hashimoto's disease were normal (0.0 +/- 0.9). Moderately false positive FBI values were found in the IgG of 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosis, all rheumatoid factor positive, 3 of which were also TBI positive. In IgG from Graves' disease and those from patients with TBI-positive collagen-vascular disease, binding of SFCM was inhibited by bTSH in a dose-dependent manner. As with binding of TSH to thyroid plasma membranes, similar but less potent inhibition of binding of IgG to SFCM was produced by LH, FSH, and hCG, but not by insulin, glucagon, PRL, or ACTH. FBI values in TBI-negative IgG from patients with collagen-vascular disease were also decreased by TSH, but higher concentrations of bTSH were required. In 40 IgG from among the various clinical groups tested, a significant correlation was found between FBI values and TBI activity (r = 0.48; P less than 0.01). In addition, among 10 IgG from Graves' disease and 6 from collagen-vascular disease patients, a very close correlation (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001) was noted between their TBI activity and the extent to which their FBI values were decreased by a standard concentration of bTSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection and measurement of fat cell-binding immunoglobulins: a new method applicable to the diagnosis and study of Graves' disease. 299 73

In order to evaluate the contribution of cellular immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, renal biopsies from 18 patients with lupus glomerulonephritis and 26 with cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis were studied. Leucocyte profiles including T cell subsets and 'activated' macrophages within both glomeruli and interstitium were determined, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies as markers, and a sensitive 4-layer peroxidase technique to localize these within tissues. The infiltrating leucocytes were correlated with clinical, histological and immunological parameters of disease activity. Normal glomeruli contained few leucocytes though normal interstitium did (145 +/- 30 mm2), made up predominantly of T lymphocytes and macrophages. There was a significant increase in intraglomerular leucocytes in both systemic lupus erythematosus 4-fold, and essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia 7-fold, as compared to normal. These leucocytes consisted mainly of macrophages, and particularly in cryoglobulinaemia of 'activated' macrophages as demonstrated by their surface expression of the procoagulant tissue factor recognized by the A13 monoclonal antibody. In cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis (GN) there was also a significant increase in T lymphocytes due to a predominance of suppressor-cytotoxic cells (OKT8+). There was a significant increase in interstitial leucocytes in both diseases, lymphocytes (mainly OKT8+ve), and macrophages (mainly 'activated' A13+ve). There were significant positive correlations between disease activity and interstitial leucocyte infiltration including, in lupus nephritis, degree of proteinuria and total leucocytes, hypocomplementaemia and T lymphocytes, increased numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes with a higher histological index of activity, and in cryoglobulinaemic GN of T lymphocytes and proliferative lesions, and T lymphocytes and C1q deposition. This study has demonstrated the importance of the interstitium in the pathogenesis of both diseases, delineated the presence of both T lymphocytes and activated monocytes which make cell-mediated immune mechanisms feasible, and linked the presence of immune mediators to disease activity.
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PMID:The relationship of infiltrating renal leucocytes to disease activity in lupus and cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis. 317 97

In a study on 26 patients with autoimmune diseases the immunostaining for immunoglobulins and complement in frozen sections was compared with that in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. The formalin-fixed material of pemphigus vulgaris, lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, and dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's disease) was reconstituted and stained by means of the standard two-step technique (TST), the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique (PAP), and the streptavidin-biotin method (SAB). In comparison with frozen sections, immunoglobulins and complement could also be demonstrated in formalin-fixed sections in all cases of pemphigus vulgaris and in 85% of cases of discoid lupus erythematosus, but in only 60% of cases of bullous pemphigoid or Duhring's disease. PAP and SAB proved to be about equally reliable, but TST was significantly less dependable.
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PMID:[Immunohistological studies of immune dermatoses on reconstituted paraffin sections. Value and comparison of different methods]. 340 72

Skin biopsy specimens obtained from involved skin from sixteen patients with systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus were studied. Murine monoclonal antibodies with a biotin-avidin-horseradish peroxidase staining system were used. The findings consisted of a marked reduction in the number of epidermal Langerhans cells defined by surface antigens, reduced HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens on the surface of dermal capillary endothelium, and mononuclear cell infiltrates characterized by a predominance of helper T lymphocytes and an increase in the number of mononuclear phagocytic cells. B lymphocytes were rarely identified. The number of T lymphocytes within the dermis correlated inversely with both the number of HLA-DR-positive epidermal Langerhans cells (p less than 0.01) and the HLA-DR staining of dermal capillary endothelium (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that a T lymphocyte-mediated immune response associated with a reduction in Langerhans cells and capillary endothelium HLA-DR antigens is involved in the inflammatory process of lupus erythematosus skin.
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PMID:Immunopathology of cutaneous human lupus erythematosus defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. 348 41

Reactions of mouse monoclonal antibodies with T-cell, B-cell, or NK cell antigens were localized for electron microscopy by the formation of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complexes using direct or indirect labeling techniques. The techniques proved advantageous for identification of lymphocyte subsets bearing two different types of cytoplasmic structures: tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) which have been related to interferon treatment or to diseases involving systemic immune dysfunctions, and parallel tubular arrays (PTA) which may be normal structures. Mononuclear cell samples were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Results depended upon the fixation, the type of specific antibody, and the concentrations employed. Brief fixation in 1% glutaraldehyde/1% paraformaldehyde proved useful for stable preservation of both the inclusion fine structure and surface antigen activity, even after prolonged storage in buffer. The T-cell subset antigens (Leu-2a and Leu-3a) were more labile than the pan-T-cell antigen (Leu-1), the B-cell surface antigen (Leu-10), or the NK cell antigen (Leu-7). Localization of the former was improved by a two-step labeling procedure with primary and secondary antibodies. Both TRI and PTA were identified in T cells. Either type of inclusion could be found in the suppressor/cytotoxic or helper/inducer T-cell subsets. TRI also were found in a few anti-Leu-10 reactive cells. A crystalline form of PTA was identified in anti-Leu-1 and anti-Leu-7 reactive cells.
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PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic application of monoclonal antibodies for identification of lymphocyte subsets bearing tubuloreticular inclusions or parallel tubular arrays. 610 Sep 80

Blood glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined in 61 healthy subjects and 506 patients with various skin disorders. Depressed levels were observed in patients with psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, mycosis fungoides and dermatitis herpetiformis. Low values of GSH-Px were also found in some patients with pemphigoid, acne conglobata, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematodes. Vegetarian diet, malnutrition and alcohol abuse could possibly account for the low values in some patients. Fifty patients with low GSH-Px levels were treated with tablets containing 0.2 mg selenium as Na2SeO3 and 10 mg tocopheryl succinate. The GSH-Px levels increased slowly within 6-8 weeks of treatment. The clinical effect was encouraging and calls for controlled studies.
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PMID:Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment. 617 60

Preparations of human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were digested with collagenase, and a Goodpasture (GP) antigen rich pool from gel filtration column runs was identified by antibody inhibition radioimmunoassay. The components of the GP antigen pool were separated on polyacrylamide gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets by the 'western' blotting technique. The blots were separately reacted with thirteen GP sera as primary antibody, followed by peroxidase labelled goat anti-human IgG and revealed 45-50K (two bands) and 25-28K (one-three bands) components. No corresponding reactivity was observed using convalescent GP sera or other control sera (normal human serum, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without pulmonary haemorrhage, and lupus erythematosus) as primary antibody.
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PMID:Detection of Goodpasture antigen in fractions prepared from collagenase digests of human glomerular basement membrane. 631 59

A micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing antigen dotted onto nitrocellulose filter discs (Dot-ELISA) was developed for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmania donovani promastigotes applied to filter discs in volumes of 1 microliter were placed in 96-well microtiter plates, blocked with bovine serum albumin, then incubated with 4-fold dilutions of patient sera. After incubation with peroxidase-conjugated anti-human antibody, washing and addition of precipitable substrate, positive reactions appeared as blue dots on a white background which were easily read by eye. The procedure is performed at room temperature, takes about 2 h and is economical. At a reciprocal diagnostic titer of greater than or equal to 32, 41 of 42 (98%) leishmaniasis patients were positive, and positive titers ranged from 512 to 524,288. Control sera from healthy individuals showed 1 of 50 (2%) false positive reactions. Sera from patients with African trypanosomiasis, Chagas' disease, and lupus erythematosus were cross-reactive in the Dot-ELISA. No cross-reactivity was noted with sera from patients with amebiasis, coccidioidomycosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, viral hepatitis, hydatidosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis or trichinosis. In replicate experiments, 90% of 167 sera tested did not vary in titer. This rapid and inexpensive test should prove to be an important field diagnostic technique for visceral leishmaniasis.
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PMID:Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA): a micro technique for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. 654 6

The inflammatory infiltrates of cutaneous lupus lesions from 14 patients with benign cutaneous, subacute cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus were examined for T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and Ia positive cells using monoclonal antibodies and a peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. T cells and Ia positive cells were present in abundance followed by B cells then macrophages. Approximately equal numbers of helper/inducer T cells (OKT4, Leu3a) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8, Leu-2a) were present in the inflammatory infiltrate.
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PMID:Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in lupus erythematosus lesions using monoclonal antibodies. 660 42

This article gives a synopsis of the inflammatory reactions as well as its mediators under special consideration of the efferent part of the reaction. There is no doubt that histamine, complement, and the kinin system play an essential role; arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenic acid) and its metabolites, however, have gained comparable significance: prostaglandines, prostacyclines, and thromboxanes as metabolites of the cyclo-oxygenase, the leucotrienes SRS-A (slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis) and ECF (eosinophilic chemotactic factor) mediated via lipoxygenase. Moreover, oxygen and its metabolites hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxide radicals (O-2), and hydroxyl radicals (.OH) as well as activated oxygen (singulett oxygen (1O2) play an important part with all aerobic living organisms. Inborn enzyme deficiency of the oxygen metabolism such as NADPH oxidase or cytochrome b-245 deficiency lead to chronic septic granulomatosis. The disease is characterized by reduced resistence against infections, decreased phagocytosis, insufficient killing of bacteria by leucocytes, and diminished oxygen burst. Thus the underlying enzyme deficiency leads to reduced formation of peroxide radicals frequently causing infections with septic complications. On the other hand, increased formation or reduced degradation of peroxide radicals may result in pathological reactions like chromosomal alterations, lipidperoxidation or oxidation of sulph-hydryl groups. The fact that increased peroxide radical formation may cause inflammation or chromosomal aberration is of importance with regard to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology, such as systemic scleroderma or lupus erythematodes. The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts peroxide radicals (O-2) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which can be inactivated by catalase or peroxidase. Consequently, treatment with SOD may have an effective influence on chronic inflammatory dermatoses of unknown pathogenesis.
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PMID:[Biochemical aspects of the inflammatory reaction - with special reference to oxygen]. 666 95


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