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Query: UMLS:C0409974 (lupus)
 22,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients with recurrent stroke and multi-infarct dementia are presented in whom the dementia was progressive and severe. Three of the patients developed the dementia during the course of an illness which was punctuated by repeated episodes of cerebral infarction demonstrated by computed tomographic (CT) scans. The fourth patient presented with an illness dominated by progressive and deteriorating higher mental functions, which culminated in a major stroke 18 months later. Three patients fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus, the fourth had a 'lupus-like' disease. All had livedo reticularis, severe migraines, and also demonstrated antibodies to phospholipids. All four patients suffered deep vein thromboses.
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PMID:Recurrent stroke and multi-infarct dementia in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with antiphospholipid antibodies. 311 54

A 44-year-old woman with livedo reticularis, multiple ischemic strokes, and transient ischemic attacks (Sneddon's syndrome) had antiphospholipid antibodies--the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. This patient provides support for the hypothesis that these antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of this rare but now potentially treatable disorder.
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PMID:Sneddon's syndrome: an antiphospholipid antibody syndrome? 276 16

Antiphospholipid antibodies may be detected by solid phase anticardiolipin antibody tests, the lupus anticoagulant test, or standard tests for syphilis (STS). The occurrence of these antibodies has been associated with venous or arterial thrombosis, fetal loss, and possibly thrombocytopenia. Other suggested features that may be associated with these antibodies include livedo reticularis, migraine, chorea, and heart valve lesions. Uncontrolled studies of small numbers of affected women with recurrent fetal loss suggest that prednisone and aspirin therapy during pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcome. Anticoagulant therapy is recommended for patients with thrombosis for as long as antiphospholipid antibodies persist.
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PMID:Antiphospholipid antibodies--autoantibodies with a difference. 313 Jul 72

Two young women (aged 32 and 25 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus and heart valve lesions in association with antiphospholipid antibodies are presented. In addition to the presence of the 'lupus anticoagulant' and false positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests, both patients had high levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies. The first patient additionally had contraceptive induced chorea, chorea gravidarum, seven miscarriages, livedo reticularis, pulmonary embolism, and thrombocytopenia and developed culture negative endocarditis as well as hypertension. The second patient, who had presented with hypertension, developed aortic and mitral regurgitation, suspected myocarditis, manifested transient ischaemic attacks, and responded well to anticoagulation and steroid treatment.
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PMID:Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in two patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, heart valve lesions, and transient ischaemic attacks. 314 42

Students of systemic lupus erythematosus have long been confused by the paradoxical association of atypical clinical features such as recurrent thrombosis and spontaneous abortion with the lupus anticoagulant and biologic false-positive VDRL reaction. The recent development of sensitive, solid-phase immunoassays for quantitating the autoantibody response to phospholipids holds the promise of illuminating the basis for this seeming enigma. It is now apparent that antiphospholipids antibodies such as anticardiolipin might well play a role in mediating the elements of this paradox. In addition, other cutaneous vascular conditions as diverse as livedo reticularis and Degos' disease might also be related to this type of autoimmune response.
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PMID:The anticardiolipin syndrome. A new way to slice an old pie, or a new pie to slice? 355 50

Seventy-eight consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were assessed for the presence of livedo reticularis. The possible association of livedo reticularis with other clinical and laboratory features including anticardiolipin antibodies was explored. Thirty-eight patients had livedo reticularis. Four cases were severe, 11 moderate, and 23 mild. There was a statistically significant association between the combined moderate and severe livedo reticularis group and elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. The recognized association of anticardiolipin antibodies with thrombotic events suggests a possible pathogenetic role. The presence or history of central nervous system disease, renal disease, vasculitis, or lupus inhibitor was significantly associated with the moderate and severe livedo reticularis group. Livedo reticularis may be a cutaneous marker for the later development of important systemic events in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:Livedo reticularis associated with increased titers of anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. 357 40

Seven patients with scleroderma and either livedo reticularis or atrophie blanche lesions had ulcers of the lower extremity. Livedoid vasculitis, periarteritis nodosa, or endarteritis obliterans lesions were associated with the ulcers. Five patients had livedoid vasculitis, one patient had associated lupus panniculitis, and one patient had rheumatoid arthritis. Four patients had elevated ESRs, four had positive antinuclear antibody tests, and two had positive tests for rheumatoid factor. Patients with scleroderma and livedoid vasculitis or livedo reticularis and ulcers should be examined to rule out underlying vascular disease or endarteritis obliterans.
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PMID:Vascular ulcers in scleroderma. 613 96

The paper provides the data available in the literature and their own findings of immunopathological impairments in the central nervous system, and spinal cord and polyneuropathies. The most detailed comparison of immunological and clinicotomographic changes is made in system lupus erythematosus. With this, a correlation is shown between peripheral vascular diseases (butterfly, capillarites, reticular livedo, Raynaud's syndrome), the levels of circulating immune complexes and local neurological abnormality. Particular attention is paid to the antiphospholipid syndrome. A relationship is found in patients with neurolupus and Sneddon's syndrome between cardiolipin antibodies and various (mainly vascular and ischemic) neurological syndromes as recurrent cerebral circulatory disturbances, episyndromes, etc.
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PMID:[Present problems of neuroimmunology]. 751 Jan 68

Sneddon's syndrome is a rare disease characterised by cerebrovascular ischaemic attacks and generalised livedo. Since previous observations, other symptoms were described: involvement of heart, of kidney, arterial hypertension, complicated obstetric or gynaecologic history in women. Prognosis is highly variable, depending on extent and speed of progression of cerebrovascular changes, which can lead to severe permanent mental deterioration. In livedo, histopathology shows pathological changes of small to medium-sized dermal arteries in a distinct time sequence: an early phase localized in endothelium followed by a late fibrotic phase. No specific laboratory findings are found. Recently some cases were reported in association with antiphospholipids antibodies. The etiopathogeny of Sneddon's syndrome is still unknown and could result from different processes: progression to an autoimmune disease such as lupus erythematosus, primitive endarteritis obliterans, or a new clinical expression of the antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome. At present, none of the therapeutic modalities provides significant improvement.
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PMID:[Sneddon syndrome]. 770 55

We observed a series of 9 patients (1 male, 8 females, mean age 49 years) who had experienced cerebral vascular events with livedo racemosa (Sneddon's syndrome). Vascular dementia occurred in 3 patients and in the 6 others there was a single or several acute cerebral ischaemic events. Angiography of the brain revealed multiple distal arterial occlusions in 5 cases and a moya-moya type collateral network in 2. Positivity for anticardiolipid antibodies fluctuated in 4 cases and there was a lupic syndrome in 2. Systemic lupus erythemosus was diagnosed in the last patient. Mitral valve defects were seen in 5 patients, including 3 due to post-rhematitis sequelae which became symptomatic before the appearance of signs of neurocutaneous involvement. Among these three patients, laboratory tests revealed a lupus band in one, anticardilipid antibodies in another and obliterating fibrous endartiritis of the renal arteries in the third. Sneddon's syndrome presents with heterogeneous signs related to its complex pathophysiology.
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PMID:[Sneddon syndrome: 9 cases]. 774 11


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