Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0409974 (lupus)
 22,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with various neurologic or psychiatric abnormalities and Posterior Reversible Leuco Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is very rare neurological manifestation in SLE. PRES is associated with various clinical manifestations, like, seizures, visual loss, headaches, vomiting altered mental status and rarely focal neurological deficits. Other predisposing condition associated with PRES is eclampsia, accelerated hypertension, uraemia, transplantation, autoimmune diseases and/or use of immunosuppressive drugs. It is important to recognise PRES since it is a potentially reversible. We describe an unusual case of PRES caused by uraemia during lupus flare up in a patient with biopsy proven class IV lupus nephritis who presented with features of asymmetrical quadriparesis which completely reversed after haemodialysis sessions and treating lupus flare up. In our case she presented with quadriparesis which is a rare presentation and hypertensive encephalopathy was not present.
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PMID:A Rare Presentation of Lupus Nephritis Flare up with Posterior Reversible Leucoencephalopathy. 2689 10

Vascular inflammation is a common cause of renal impairment and a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. Current studies consistently show an increase of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in acute vasculitis and in patients with atherosclerosis. Recent research has elucidated mechanisms that mediate vascular wall leukocyte accumulation and differentiation. This review addresses the role of EVs in this process. Part one of this review addresses functional roles of EVs in renal vasculitis. Most published data address anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis and indicate that the number of EVs, mostly of platelet origin, is increased in active disease. EVs generated from neutrophils by activation by ANCA can contribute to vessel damage. While EVs are also elevated in other types of autoimmune vasculitis with renal involvement such as systemic lupus erythematodes, functional consequences beyond intravascular thrombosis remain to be established. In typical hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to infection with shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli, EV numbers are elevated and contribute to toxin distribution into the vascular wall. Part two addresses mechanisms how EVs modulate vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis, a process that is aggravated in uremia. Elevated numbers of circulating endothelial EVs were associated with atherosclerotic complications in a number of studies in patients with and without kidney disease. Uremic endothelial EVs are defective in induction of vascular relaxation. Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration and intravascular thrombus formation are critically modulated by EVs, a process that is amenable to therapeutic interventions. EVs can enhance monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and modulate macrophage differentiation and cytokine production with major influence on the local inflammatory milieu in the plaque. They significantly influence lipid phagocytosis and antigen presentation by mononuclear phagocytes. Finally, platelet, erythrocyte and monocyte EVs cooperate in shaping adaptive T cell immunity. Future research is needed to define changes in uremic EVs and their differential effects on inflammatory leukocytes in the vessel wall.
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PMID:Extracellular vesicles as mediators of vascular inflammation in kidney disease. 2698 36

Abdominal symptoms are common in patients with lupus nephritis and are often attributed to drugs or uremia per se. Lupus mesenteric vasculitis (LMV) or lupus enteritis is a rare entity reported in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. It usually occurs in patients with a long-standing history of lupus with high disease activity. Usually, small bowel is predominantly affected. The stomach and rectum are spared in view of significant collateral circulation. Here, we describe an 18-year-old boy who presented with nephrotic syndrome without any extrarenal features of lupus. On subsequent evaluation, he was found to have active lupus nephritis. He developed acute gastric dilatation secondary to extensive LMV. Imaging showed an extensive involvement of gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the sigmoid colon, sparing the rectum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of LMV presenting as acute gastric dilatation.
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PMID:Acute gastric dilatation in a patient with lupus nephritis: An uncommon presentation of lupus mesenteric vasculitis. 2965 15

Optic neuropathy is an uncommon finding in dialysis patients and has been associated with uremia, ischemia (arteritic and nonarteritic), drugs (isoniazid, ethambutol), infections (tuberculosis), and intracranial hypertension. Inflammatory optic neuritis associated with lupus is relatively rare, but clinicians need to be aware of this condition and obtain urgent ophthalmology consultation.
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PMID:An uncommon cause of loss of vision in a dialysis patient with lupus. 3065 56

Serum glycated albumin (GA) level is used along with that of glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as indicators of glycemic control for diabetic patients. Although serum GA levels are affected by blood glucose level, they are also influenced by serum albumin metabolism and other pathological conditions. However, a systematic comparison of the serum GA levels in different types of human diseases has not been reported. In current study, 86,319 clinical lab test results of GA levels from healthy individuals and patients with 57 different types of diseases during the past 5 years in our hospital were retrieved and analyzed. Based on the mean (SD), median, and p (-Log10p) values, we found 29/57 diseases including type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, uremia, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, hepatic encephalopathy, and azotemia had significantly (p<0.05, -Log10p>1.30) increased GA levels whereas 18/57 diseases including nephrotic syndrome, preeclampsia, Wilms' tumor, lupus erythematosus, and sepsis had significantly decreased GA levels compared to that of healthy controls. Moreover, the highest -Log10p values (>100) were observed in nephrotic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, preeclampsia, coronary heart disease, uremia, acute cerebral infarction, leukemia, and cerebrovascular disease in a descending order. These data indicated that the serum GA levels could be increased or decreased significantly in a disease-specific manner. Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations might make the increased or decreased serum GA levels indicators for different types of diseases, especially as an indicator that distinguishes nephrotic syndrome from other types of kidney diseases.
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PMID:Glycated albumin level is significantly decreased in patients suffering nephrotic syndrome. 3090 59


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